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1. Introduction

Tests

This section is not normative, it does not need tests.

1.1. Value Definitions

2. Color Terminology

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This section provides definitions used later, it does not need tests.

3. Applying Color in CSS

3.1. Accessibility and Conveying Information By Color

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This section provides authoring guidance, it does not need tests.

3.2. Foreground Color: the color property

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3.3. Transparency: the opacity property

Tests

inline-opacity-float-child.html (live test) (source)

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opacity-overlapping-letters.html (live test) (source)

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body-opacity-0-to-1-stacking-context.html (live test) (source)

3.4. Color Space of Tagged Images

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3.5. Color Spaces of Untagged Colors

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untagged-images-001.html (live test) (source)

4. Representing Colors: the <color> type

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This section describes a type, it is primarily tested where that type is used.

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4.1. The <color> syntax

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This section provides definitions used later, it does not need tests.

4.1.1. Modern (Space-separated) Color Function Syntax

4.1.2. Legacy (Comma-separated) Color Function Syntax

4.2. Representing Transparency in Colors: the <alpha-value> syntax

Tests

This section provides definitions used later, it does not need tests.

4.3. Representing Cylindrical-coordinate Hues: the <hue> syntax

Tests

This section provides definitions used later, it does not need tests.

4.4. “Missing” Color Components and the none Keyword

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4.4.1. “Powerless” Color Components

4.5. Parsing a <color> Value

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This section provides a definition referenced elsewhere, it does not need tests.

5. sRGB Colors

5.1. The RGB functions: rgb() and rgba()

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5.2. The RGB Hexadecimal Notations: #RRGGBB

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6. Color Keywords

6.1. Named Colors

For historical reasons, this is also referred to as the X11 color set.

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6.2. System Colors

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6.3. The transparent keyword

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6.4. The currentcolor keyword

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7. HSL Colors: hsl() and hsla() functions

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t424-hsl-clip-outside-gamut-b.xht (live test) (source)

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7.1. Converting HSL Colors to sRGB

7.2. Converting sRGB Colors to HSL

7.3. Examples of HSL Colors

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This section is not normative, it does not need tests.

8. HWB Colors: hwb() function

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8.1. Converting HWB Colors to sRGB

8.2. Converting sRGB Colors to HWB

8.3. Examples of HWB Colors

Tests

This section is not normative, it does not need tests.

9. Device-independent Colors: CIE Lab and LCH, Oklab and Oklch

9.1. CIE Lab and LCH

Tests

This section is not normative, it does not need tests.

9.2. Oklab and Oklch

Tests

This section is not normative, it does not need tests.

9.3. Specifying Lab and LCH: the lab() and lch() functional notations

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9.4. Specifying Oklab and Oklch: the oklab() and oklch() functional notations

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9.5. Converting Lab or Oklab colors to LCH or Oklch colors

9.6. Converting LCH or Oklch colors to Lab or Oklab colors

10. Predefined Color Spaces

10.1. Specifying Predefined Colors: the color() function

Tests

color-valid.html (16 tests) (live test) (source)

10.2. The Predefined sRGB Color Space: the sRGB keyword

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10.3. The Predefined Linear-light sRGB Color Space: the srgb-linear keyword

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10.4. The Predefined Display P3 Color Space: the display-p3 keyword

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10.5. The Predefined A98 RGB Color Space: the a98-rgb keyword

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10.6. The Predefined ProPhoto RGB Color Space: the prophoto-rgb keyword

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10.7. The Predefined ITU-R BT.2020-2 Color Space: the rec2020 keyword

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10.8. The Predefined CIE XYZ Color Spaces: the xyz-d50, xyz-d65, and xyz keywords

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10.9. Converting Predefined Color Spaces to Lab or Oklab

10.10. Converting Lab or Oklab to Predefined RGB Color Spaces

10.11. Converting Between Predefined RGB Color Spaces

10.12. Simple Alpha Compositing

11. Converting Colors

Tests

This section provides an algorithm used later, it does not need tests.

12. Color Interpolation

12.1. Color Space for Interpolation

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12.2. Interpolating with Missing Components

12.3. Interpolating with Alpha

Tests

color-transition-premultiplied.html (live test) (source)

12.4. Hue Interpolation

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12.4.1. shorter

12.4.2. longer

12.4.3. increasing

12.4.4. decreasing

13. Gamut Mapping

13.1. An Introduction to Gamut Mapping

Tests

This section is not normative, it does not need tests.

13.1.1. Clipping

13.1.2. Closest Color (MINDE)

13.1.3. Chroma Reduction

13.1.4. Excessive Chroma Reduction

13.1.5. Chroma Reduction with Local Clipping

13.1.6. Deviations from Perceptual Uniformity: Hue Curvature

13.2. CSS Gamut Mapping to an RGB Destination

Tests

Used values of color are not exposed to script, making this hard to test in an automated manner.

13.2.1. Sample Pseudocode for the Binary Search Gamut Mapping Algorithm with Local MINDE

14. Resolving <color> Values

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14.1. Resolving sRGB values

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14.2. Resolving Lab and LCH values

14.3. Resolving Oklab and Oklch values

14.4. Resolving values of the color() function

14.5. Resolving other colors

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15. Serializing <color> Values

15.1. Serializing alpha values

15.2. Serializing sRGB values

Tests

system-color-compute.html (27 tests) (live test) (source)

15.3. Serializing Lab and LCH values

Tests

color-computed.html (16 tests) (live test) (source)

15.4. Serializing Oklab and Oklch values

Tests

color-computed.html (16 tests) (live test) (source)

15.5. Serializing values of the color() function

Tests

color-computed.html (16 tests) (live test) (source)

15.6. Serializing other colors

16. Default Style Rules

17. Sample code for Color Conversions

Tests

This section is not normative, it does not need tests.

18. Sample Code for ΔE2000 and ΔEOK Color Differences

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This section is not normative, it does not need tests.

18.1. ΔE2000

18.2. ΔEOK

Appendix A: Deprecated CSS System Colors

Tests

Results on these 'same as' equivalence tests are not great, which is why the feature is at-risk

CSS Color 4 test coverage report

2024-02-07

1. Introduction

1.1. Value Definitions

2. Color Terminology

3. Applying Color in CSS

3.1. Accessibility and Conveying Information By Color

3.2. Foreground Color: the color property

3.3. Transparency: the opacity property

3.4. Color Space of Tagged Images

3.5. Color Spaces of Untagged Colors

4. Representing Colors: the <color> type

4.1. The <color> syntax

4.1.1. Modern (Space-separated) Color Function Syntax

4.1.2. Legacy (Comma-separated) Color Function Syntax

4.2. Representing Transparency in Colors: the <alpha-value> syntax

4.3. Representing Cylindrical-coordinate Hues: the <hue> syntax

4.4. “Missing” Color Components and the none Keyword

4.4.1. “Powerless” Color Components

4.5. Parsing a <color> Value

5. sRGB Colors

5.1. The RGB functions: rgb() and rgba()

5.2. The RGB Hexadecimal Notations: #RRGGBB

6. Color Keywords

6.1. Named Colors

6.2. System Colors

6.3. The transparent keyword

6.4. The currentcolor keyword

7. HSL Colors: hsl() and hsla() functions

7.1. Converting HSL Colors to sRGB

7.2. Converting sRGB Colors to HSL

7.3. Examples of HSL Colors

8. HWB Colors: hwb() function

8.1. Converting HWB Colors to sRGB

8.2. Converting sRGB Colors to HWB

8.3. Examples of HWB Colors

9. Device-independent Colors: CIE Lab and LCH, Oklab and Oklch

9.1. CIE Lab and LCH

9.2. Oklab and Oklch

9.3. Specifying Lab and LCH: the lab() and lch() functional notations

9.4. Specifying Oklab and Oklch: the oklab() and oklch() functional notations

9.5. Converting Lab or Oklab colors to LCH or Oklch colors

9.6. Converting LCH or Oklch colors to Lab or Oklab colors

10. Predefined Color Spaces

10.1. Specifying Predefined Colors: the color() function

10.2. The Predefined sRGB Color Space: the sRGB keyword

10.3. The Predefined Linear-light sRGB Color Space: the srgb-linear keyword

10.4. The Predefined Display P3 Color Space: the display-p3 keyword

10.5. The Predefined A98 RGB Color Space: the a98-rgb keyword

10.6. The Predefined ProPhoto RGB Color Space: the prophoto-rgb keyword

10.7. The Predefined ITU-R BT.2020-2 Color Space: the rec2020 keyword

10.8. The Predefined CIE XYZ Color Spaces: the xyz-d50, xyz-d65, and xyz keywords

10.9. Converting Predefined Color Spaces to Lab or Oklab

10.10. Converting Lab or Oklab to Predefined RGB Color Spaces

10.11. Converting Between Predefined RGB Color Spaces

10.12. Simple Alpha Compositing

11. Converting Colors

12. Color Interpolation

12.1. Color Space for Interpolation

12.2. Interpolating with Missing Components

12.3. Interpolating with Alpha

12.4. Hue Interpolation

12.4.1. shorter

12.4.2. longer

12.4.3. increasing

12.4.4. decreasing

13. Gamut Mapping

13.1. An Introduction to Gamut Mapping

13.1.1. Clipping

13.1.2. Closest Color (MINDE)

13.1.3. Chroma Reduction

13.1.4. Excessive Chroma Reduction

13.1.5. Chroma Reduction with Local Clipping

13.1.6. Deviations from Perceptual Uniformity: Hue Curvature

13.2. CSS Gamut Mapping to an RGB Destination

13.2.1. Sample Pseudocode for the Binary Search Gamut Mapping Algorithm with Local MINDE

14. Resolving <color> Values

14.1. Resolving sRGB values

14.2. Resolving Lab and LCH values

14.3. Resolving Oklab and Oklch values