Azure Core shared client library for Python

Azure core provides shared exceptions and modules for Python SDK client libraries. These libraries follow the Azure SDK Design Guidelines for Python .

If you are a client library developer, please reference client library developer reference for more information.

Source code | Package (Pypi) | Package (Conda) | API reference documentation

Getting started

Typically, you will not need to install azure core; it will be installed when you install one of the client libraries using it. In case you want to install it explicitly (to implement your own client library, for example), you can find it here.

Key concepts

Azure Core Library Exceptions

AzureError

AzureError is the base exception for all errors.

class AzureError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, message, *args, **kwargs):
        self.inner_exception = kwargs.get("error")
        self.exc_type, self.exc_value, self.exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
        self.exc_type = self.exc_type.__name__ if self.exc_type else type(self.inner_exception)
        self.exc_msg = "{}, {}: {}".format(message, self.exc_type, self.exc_value)  # type: ignore
        self.message = str(message)
        self.continuation_token = kwargs.get("continuation_token")
        super(AzureError, self).__init__(self.message, *args)

message is any message (str) to be associated with the exception.

args are any additional args to be included with exception.

kwargs are keyword arguments to include with the exception. Use the keyword error to pass in an internal exception and continuation_token for a token reference to continue an incomplete operation.

The following exceptions inherit from AzureError:

ServiceRequestError

An error occurred while attempt to make a request to the service. No request was sent.

ServiceResponseError

The request was sent, but the client failed to understand the response. The connection may have timed out. These errors can be retried for idempotent or safe operations.

HttpResponseError

A request was made, and a non-success status code was received from the service.

class HttpResponseError(AzureError):
    def __init__(self, message=None, response=None, **kwargs):
        self.reason = None
        self.response = response
        if response:
            self.reason = response.reason
            self.status_code = response.status_code
        self.error = self._parse_odata_body(ODataV4Format, response)  # type: Optional[ODataV4Format]
        if self.error:
            message = str(self.error)
        else:
            message = message or "Operation returned an invalid status '{}'".format(
                self.reason
            )

        super(HttpResponseError, self).__init__(message=message, **kwargs)

message is the HTTP response error message (optional)

response is the HTTP response (optional).

kwargs are keyword arguments to include with the exception.

The following exceptions inherit from HttpResponseError:

DecodeError

An error raised during response de-serialization.

IncompleteReadError

An error raised if peer closes the connection before we have received the complete message body.

ResourceExistsError

An error response with status code 4xx. This will not be raised directly by the Azure core pipeline.

ResourceNotFoundError

An error response, typically triggered by a 412 response (for update) or 404 (for get/post).

ResourceModifiedError

An error response with status code 4xx, typically 412 Conflict. This will not be raised directly by the Azure core pipeline.

ResourceNotModifiedError

An error response with status code 304. This will not be raised directly by the Azure core pipeline.

ClientAuthenticationError

An error response with status code 4xx. This will not be raised directly by the Azure core pipeline.

TooManyRedirectsError

An error raised when the maximum number of redirect attempts is reached. The maximum amount of redirects can be configured in the RedirectPolicy.

class TooManyRedirectsError(HttpResponseError):
    def __init__(self, history, *args, **kwargs):
        self.history = history
        message = "Reached maximum redirect attempts."
        super(TooManyRedirectsError, self).__init__(message, *args, **kwargs)

history is used to document the requests/responses that resulted in redirected requests.

args are any additional args to be included with exception.

kwargs are keyword arguments to include with the exception.

StreamConsumedError

An error thrown if you try to access the stream of azure.core.rest.HttpResponse or azure.core.rest.AsyncHttpResponse once the response stream has been consumed.

StreamClosedError

An error thrown if you try to access the stream of the azure.core.rest.HttpResponse or azure.core.rest.AsyncHttpResponse once the response stream has been closed.

ResponseNotReadError

An error thrown if you try to access the content of azure.core.rest.HttpResponse or azure.core.rest.AsyncHttpResponse before reading in the response's bytes first.

Configurations

When calling the methods, some properties can be configured by passing in as kwargs arguments.

Parameters	Description
headers	The HTTP Request headers.
request_id	The request id to be added into header.
user_agent	If specified, this will be added in front of the user agent string.
logging_enable	Use to enable per operation. Defaults to `False`.
logger	If specified, it will be used to log information.
response_encoding	The encoding to use if known for this service (will disable auto-detection).
raw_request_hook	Callback function. Will be invoked on request.
raw_response_hook	Callback function. Will be invoked on response.
network_span_namer	A callable to customize the span name.
tracing_attributes	Attributes to set on all created spans.
permit_redirects	Whether the client allows redirects. Defaults to `True`.
redirect_max	The maximum allowed redirects. Defaults to `30`.
retry_total	Total number of retries to allow. Takes precedence over other counts. Default value is `10`.
retry_connect	How many connection-related errors to retry on. These are errors raised before the request is sent to the remote server, which we assume has not triggered the server to process the request. Default value is `3`.
retry_read	How many times to retry on read errors. These errors are raised after the request was sent to the server, so the request may have side-effects. Default value is `3`.
retry_status	How many times to retry on bad status codes. Default value is `3`.
retry_backoff_factor	A backoff factor to apply between attempts after the second try (most errors are resolved immediately by a second try without a delay). Retry policy will sleep for: `{backoff factor} * (2 ** ({number of total retries} - 1))` seconds. If the backoff_factor is 0.1, then the retry will sleep for [0.0s, 0.2s, 0.4s, ...] between retries. The default value is `0.8`.
retry_backoff_max	The maximum back off time. Default value is `120` seconds (2 minutes).
retry_mode	Fixed or exponential delay between attempts, default is `Exponential`.
timeout	Timeout setting for the operation in seconds, default is `604800`s (7 days).
connection_timeout	A single float in seconds for the connection timeout. Defaults to `300` seconds.
read_timeout	A single float in seconds for the read timeout. Defaults to `300` seconds.
connection_verify	SSL certificate verification. Enabled by default. Set to False to disable, alternatively can be set to the path to a CA_BUNDLE file or directory with certificates of trusted CAs.
connection_cert	Client-side certificates. You can specify a local cert to use as client side certificate, as a single file (containing the private key and the certificate) or as a tuple of both files' paths.
proxies	Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and hostname to the URL of the proxy.
cookies	Dict or CookieJar object to send with the `Request`.
connection_data_block_size	The block size of data sent over the connection. Defaults to `4096` bytes.

Async transport

The async transport is designed to be opt-in. AioHttp is one of the supported implementations of async transport. It is not installed by default. You need to install it separately.

Shared modules

MatchConditions

MatchConditions is an enum to describe match conditions.

class MatchConditions(Enum):
    Unconditionally = 1  # Matches any condition
    IfNotModified = 2  # If the target object is not modified. Usually it maps to etag=<specific etag>
    IfModified = 3  # Only if the target object is modified. Usually it maps to etag!=<specific etag>
    IfPresent = 4   # If the target object exists. Usually it maps to etag='*'
    IfMissing = 5   # If the target object does not exist. Usually it maps to etag!='*'

CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta

A metaclass to support case-insensitive enums.

from enum import Enum

from azure.core import CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta

class MyCustomEnum(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
    FOO = 'foo'
    BAR = 'bar'

Null Sentinel Value

A falsy sentinel object which is supposed to be used to specify attributes with no data. This gets serialized to null on the wire.

from azure.core.serialization import NULL

assert bool(NULL) is False

foo = Foo(
    attr=NULL
)

Logging

Azure libraries follow the guidance of Python's standard logging module. By following the Python documentation on logging, you should be able to configure logging for Azure libraries effectively.

Azure library loggers use a dot-based separated syntax, where the first section is always azure, followed by the package name. For example, the Azure Core library uses logger names that start with azure.core.

Here's an example of how to configure logging for Azure libraries:

import logging
import sys

# Enable detailed console logs across Azure libraries
azure_logger = logging.getLogger("azure")
azure_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
azure_logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(stream=sys.stdout))

# Exclude detailed logs for network calls associated with getting Entra ID token.
identity_logger = logging.getLogger("azure.identity")
identity_logger.setLevel(logging.ERROR)

# Make sure regular (redacted) detailed azure.core logs are not shown, as we are about to
# turn on non-redacted logs by passing 'logging_enable=True' to the client constructor 
logger = logging.getLogger("azure.core.pipeline.policies.http_logging_policy")
logger.setLevel(logging.ERROR)

Contributing

This project welcomes contributions and suggestions. Most contributions require you to agree to a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) declaring that you have the right to, and actually do, grant us the rights to use your contribution. For details, visit https://cla.microsoft.com.

When you submit a pull request, a CLA-bot will automatically determine whether you need to provide a CLA and decorate the PR appropriately (e.g., label, comment). Simply follow the instructions provided by the bot. You will only need to do this once across all repos using our CLA.

This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information, see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact opencode@microsoft.com with any additional questions or comments.