title	description	ms.date
NavigationPage	The .NET MAUI NavigationPage is used to perform hierarchical navigation through a stack of last-in, first-out (LIFO) pages.	09/30/2024

NavigationPage

:::image type="content" source="media/navigationpage/pages.png" alt-text=".NET MAUI NavigationPage." border="false":::

The .NET Multi-platform App UI (.NET MAUI) xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage provides a hierarchical navigation experience where you're able to navigate through pages, forwards and backwards, as desired. xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage provides navigation as a last-in, first-out (LIFO) stack of xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Page objects.

xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage defines the following properties:

BarBackground, of type xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Brush, specifies the background of the navigation bar as a xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Brush.
BarBackgroundColor, of type xref:Microsoft.Maui.Graphics.Color, specifies the background color of the navigation bar.
BackButtonTitle, of type string, represents the text to use for the back button. This is an attached property.
BarTextColor, of type xref:Microsoft.Maui.Graphics.Color, specifies the color of the text on the navigation bar.
CurrentPage, of type xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Page, represents the page that's on top of the navigation stack. This is a read-only property.
HasNavigationBar, of type bool, represents whether a navigation bar is present on the xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage. The default value of this property is true. This is an attached property.
HasBackButton, of type bool, represents whether the navigation bar includes a back button. The default value of this property is true. This is an attached property.
IconColor, of type xref:Microsoft.Maui.Graphics.Color, defines the background color of the icon in the navigation bar. This is an attached property.
RootPage, of type xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Page, represents the root page of the navigation stack. This is a read-only property.
TitleIconImageSource, of type xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.ImageSource, defines the icon that represents the title on the navigation bar. This is an attached property.
TitleView, of type xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.View, defines the view that can be displayed in the navigation bar. This is an attached property.

These properties are backed by xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.BindableProperty objects, which means that they can be targets of data bindings, and styled.

The xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage class also defines three events:

Pushed is raised when a page is pushed onto the navigation stack.
Popped is raised when a page is popped from the navigation stack.
PoppedToRoot is raised when the last non-root page is popped from the navigation stack.

All three events receive NavigationEventArgs objects that define a read-only xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Page property, which retrieves the page that was popped from the navigation stack, or the newly visible page on the stack.

Warning

xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage is incompatible with .NET MAUI Shell apps, and an exception will be thrown if you attempt to use xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage in a Shell app. For more information about Shell apps, see Shell.

Perform modeless navigation

.NET MAUI supports modeless page navigation. A modeless page stays on screen and remains available until you navigate to another page.

A xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage is typically used to navigate through a stack of xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.ContentPage objects. When one page navigates to another, the new page is pushed on the stack and becomes the active page:

:::image type="content" source="media/navigationpage/pushing.png" alt-text="Pushing a page to the navigation stack." border="false":::

When the second page returns back to the first page, a page is popped from the stack, and the new topmost page then becomes active:

:::image type="content" source="media/navigationpage/popping.png" alt-text="Popping a page from the navigation stack." border="false":::

A xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage consists of a navigation bar, with the active page being displayed below the navigation bar. The following diagram shows the main components of the navigation bar:

:::image type="content" source="media/navigationpage/components.png" alt-text="NavigationPage components." border="false":::

An optional icon can be displayed between the back button and the title.

Navigation methods are exposed by the Navigation property on any xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Page derived types. These methods provide the ability to push pages onto the navigation stack, to pop pages from the stack, and to manipulate the stack.

Tip

It's recommended that a xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage should only be populated with xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.ContentPage objects.

Create the root page

::: moniker range="=net-maui-8.0"

An app that is structured around multiple pages always has a root page, which is the first page added to the navigation stack. This is accomplished by creating a xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage object whose constructor argument is the root page of the app, and setting the resulting object as the value of the App.MainPage property:

public partial class App : Application
{
    public App()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        MainPage = new NavigationPage(new MainPage());
    }
}

::: moniker-end

::: moniker range=">=net-maui-9.0"

An app that is structured around multiple pages always has a root page, which is the first page added to the navigation stack. This is accomplished by creating a xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage object whose constructor argument is the root page of the app, and setting the resulting object as the root page of a xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Window:

public partial class App : Application
{
    public App()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    protected override Window CreateWindow(IActivationState? activationState)
    {
        return new Window(new NavigationPage(new MainPage()));
    }    
}

::: moniker-end

Note

The RootPage property of a xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage provides access to the first page in the navigation stack.

Push pages to the navigation stack

A page can be navigated to by calling the PushAsync method on the Navigation property of the current page:

await Navigation.PushAsync(new DetailsPage());

In this example, the DetailsPage object is pushed onto the navigation stack, where it becomes the active page.

Note

The PushAsync method has an override that includes a bool argument that specifies whether to display a page transition during navigation. The PushAsync method that lacks the bool argument enables the page transition by default.

Pop pages from the navigation stack

The active page can be popped from the navigation stack by pressing the Back button on a device, regardless of whether this is a physical button on the device or an on-screen button.

To programmatically return to the previous page, the PopAsync method should be called on the Navigation property of the current page:

await Navigation.PopAsync();

In this example, the current page is removed from the navigation stack, with the new topmost page becoming the active page.

Note

The PopAsync method has an override that includes a bool argument that specifies whether to display a page transition during navigation. The PopAsync method that lacks the bool argument enables the page transition by default.

In addition, the Navigation property of each page also exposes a PopToRootAsync method that pops all but the root page off the navigation stack, therefore making the app's root page the active page.

Manipulate the navigation stack

The Navigation property of a xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Page exposes a NavigationStack property from which the pages in the navigation stack can be obtained. While .NET MAUI maintains access to the navigation stack, the Navigation property provides the InsertPageBefore and RemovePage methods for manipulating the stack by inserting pages or removing them.

The InsertPageBefore method inserts a specified page in the navigation stack before an existing specified page, as shown in the following diagram:

:::image type="content" source="media/navigationpage/insert-page-before.png" alt-text="Inserting a page in the navigation stack." border="false":::

The RemovePage method removes the specified page from the navigation stack, as shown in the following diagram:

:::image type="content" source="media/navigationpage/remove-page.png" alt-text="Removing a page from the navigation stack." border="false":::

Together, these methods enable a custom navigation experience, such as replacing a login page with a new page following a successful login.

Perform modal navigation

.NET MAUI supports modal page navigation. A modal page encourages users to complete a self-contained task that cannot be navigated away from until the task is completed or cancelled.

A modal page can be any of the page types supported by .NET MAUI. To display a page modally, the app should push it onto the modal stack, where it will become the active page:

:::image type="content" source="media/navigationpage/pushing-modal.png" alt-text="Pushing a page to the modal stack." border="false":::

To return to the previous page the app should pop the current page from the modal stack, and the new topmost page becomes the active page:

:::image type="content" source="media/navigationpage/popping-modal.png" alt-text="Popping a page from the modal stack." border="false":::

Modal navigation methods are exposed by the Navigation property on any xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Page derived types. These methods provide the ability to push pages onto the modal stack, and pop pages from the modal stack. The Navigation property also exposes a ModalStack property from which pages in the modal stack can be obtained. However, there is no concept of performing modal stack manipulation, or popping to the root page in modal navigation. This is because these operations are not universally supported on the underlying platforms.

Note

A xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage object is not required for performing modal page navigation.

Push pages to the modal stack

A page can be modally navigated to by calling the PushModalAsync method on the Navigation property of the current page:

await Navigation.PushModalAsync(new DetailsPage());

In this example, the DetailsPage object is pushed onto the modal stack, where it becomes the active page.

Note

The PushModalAsync method has an override that includes a bool argument that specifies whether to display a page transition during navigation. The PushModalAsync method that lacks the bool argument enables the page transition by default.

Pop pages from the modal stack

The active page can be popped from the modal stack by pressing the Back button on a device, regardless of whether this is a physical button on the device or an on-screen button.

To programmatically return to the original page, the PopModalAsync method should be called on the Navigation property of the current page:

await Navigation.PopModalAsync();

In this example, the current page is removed from the modal stack, with the new topmost page becoming the active page.

Note

The PopModalAsync method has an override that includes a bool argument that specifies whether to display a page transition during navigation. The PopModalAsync method that lacks the bool argument enables the page transition by default.

Disable the back button

On Android, you can always return to the previous page by pressing the standard Back button on the device. If the modal page requires a self-contained task to be completed before leaving the page, the app must disable the Back button. This can be accomplished by overriding the Page.OnBackButtonPressed method on the modal page.

Pass data during navigation

Sometimes it's necessary for a page to pass data to another page during navigation. Two standard techniques for accomplishing this are passing data through a page constructor, and by setting the new page's BindingContext to the data.

Pass data through a page constructor

The simplest technique for passing data to another page during navigation is through a page constructor argument:

Contact contact = new Contact
{
    Name = "Jane Doe",
    Age = 30,
    Occupation = "Developer",
    Country = "USA"
};
...
await Navigation.PushModalAsync(new DetailsPage(contact));

In this example, a Contact object is passed as a constructor argument to DetailPage. The Contact object can then be displayed by DetailsPage.

Pass data through a BindingContext

An alternative approach for passing data to another page during navigation is by setting the new page's BindingContext to the data:

Contact contact = new Contact
{
    Name = "Jane Doe",
    Age = 30,
    Occupation = "Developer",
    Country = "USA"
};

await Navigation.PushAsync(new DetailsPage
{
    BindingContext = contact  
});

The advantage of passing navigation data via a page's BindingContext is that the new page can use data binding to display the data:

<ContentPage xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/dotnet/2021/maui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"
             xmlns:local="clr-namespace:MyMauiApp"
             x:Class="MyMauiApp.DetailsPage"
             Title="Details"
             x:DataType="local:Contact">
    <StackLayout>
        <Label Text="{Binding Name}" />
        <Label Text="{Binding Occupation}" />
    </StackLayout>
</ContentPage>

For more information about data binding, see Data binding.

Display views in the navigation bar

Any .NET MAUI xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.View can be displayed in the navigation bar of a xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage. This is accomplished by setting the NavigationPage.TitleView attached property to a xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.View. This attached property can be set on any xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Page, and when the xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Page is pushed onto a xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage, the xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage will respect the value of the property.

The following example shows how to set the NavigationPage.TitleView attached property:

<ContentPage xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/dotnet/2021/maui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"
             x:Class="NavigationPageTitleView.TitleViewPage">
    <NavigationPage.TitleView>
        <Slider HeightRequest="44"
                WidthRequest="300" />
    </NavigationPage.TitleView>
    ...
</ContentPage>

The equivalent C# code is:

Slider titleView = new Slider { HeightRequest = 44, WidthRequest = 300 };
NavigationPage.SetTitleView(this, titleView);

In this example, a xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Slider is displayed in the navigation bar of the xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.NavigationPage, to control zooming.

Important

Many views won't appear in the navigation bar unless the size of the view is specified with the xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.VisualElement.WidthRequest and xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.VisualElement.HeightRequest properties.

Because the xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Layout class derives from the xref:Microsoft.Maui.Controls.View class, the TitleView attached property can be set to display a layout class that contains multiple views. However, this can result in clipping if the view displayed in the navigation bar is larger than the default size of the navigation bar. However, on Android, the height of the navigation bar can be changed by setting the NavigationPage.BarHeight bindable property to a double representing the new height.

Alternatively, an extended navigation bar can be suggested by placing some of the content in the navigation bar, and some in a view at the top of the page content that you color match to the navigation bar. In addition, on iOS the separator line and shadow that's at the bottom of the navigation bar can be removed by setting the NavigationPage.HideNavigationBarSeparator bindable property to true.

Tip

The BackButtonTitle, Title, TitleIconImageSource, and TitleView properties can all define values that occupy space on the navigation bar. While the navigation bar size varies by platform and screen size, setting all of these properties will result in conflicts due to the limited space available. Instead of attempting to use a combination of these properties, you may find that you can better achieve your desired navigation bar design by only setting the TitleView property.

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