Adding Oboe to your project

Oboe is a C++ library. So your Android Studio project will need to support native C++ code.

There are two ways use Oboe in your Android Studio project:

Use the Oboe pre-built library binaries and headers. Use this approach if you just want to use a stable version of the Oboe library in your project.

or

Build Oboe from source. Use this approach if you would like to debug or make changes to the Oboe source code and contribute back to the project.

Option 1) Using pre-built binaries and headers

Oboe is distributed as a prefab package via Google Maven (search for "oboe"). Prefab support was added to Android Studio 4.0 so you'll need to be using this version of Android Studio or above.

Add the oboe dependency to your app's build.gradle file. Replace "X.X.X" with the latest stable version of Oboe:

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.google.oboe:oboe:X.X.X'
}

For build.gradle.kts add parentheses:

    implementation("com.google.oboe:oboe:X.X.X")

Also enable prefab by adding:

android {
    buildFeatures {
        prefab true
    }
}

For build.gradle.kts add an equal sign:

        prefab = true

Include and link to oboe by updating your CMakeLists.txt:

find_package (oboe REQUIRED CONFIG)
target_link_libraries(native-lib oboe::oboe) # You may have other libraries here such as `log`.

Here's a complete example CMakeLists.txt file:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22.1)

# Build our own native library
add_library (native-lib SHARED native-lib.cpp )

# Find the Oboe package
find_package (oboe REQUIRED CONFIG)

# Specify the libraries which our native library is dependent on, including Oboe
target_link_libraries(native-lib log oboe::oboe)

Configure your app to use the shared STL by updating your app/build.gradle:

android { 
    defaultConfig { 
        externalNativeBuild {
            cmake {
                arguments "-DANDROID_STL=c++_shared"
            }
        }
    }
}

For app/build.gradle.kts add parentheses:

      arguments("-DANDROID_STL=c++_shared")

Option 2) Building from source

1. Clone the github repository

Start by cloning the latest stable release of the Oboe repository, for example:

git clone -b 1.6-stable https://github.com/google/oboe

Make a note of the path which you cloned oboe into - you will need it shortly

If you use git as your version control system, consider adding Oboe as a submodule (underneath your cpp directory)

git submodule add https://github.com/google/oboe

This makes it easier to integrate updates to Oboe into your app, as well as contribute to the Oboe project.

2. Update CMakeLists.txt

Open your app's CMakeLists.txt. This can be found under External Build Files in the Android project view. If you don't have a CMakeLists.txt you will need to add C++ support to your project.

Now add the following commands to the end of CMakeLists.txt. Remember to update **PATH TO OBOE** with your local Oboe path from the previous step:

# Set the path to the Oboe directory.
set (OBOE_DIR ***PATH TO OBOE***)

# Add the Oboe library as a subdirectory in your project.
# add_subdirectory tells CMake to look in this directory to
# compile oboe source files using oboe's CMake file.
# ./oboe specifies where the compiled binaries will be stored
add_subdirectory (${OBOE_DIR} ./oboe)

# Specify the path to the Oboe header files.
# This allows targets compiled with this CMake (application code)
# to see public Oboe headers, in order to access its API.
include_directories (${OBOE_DIR}/include)

In the same file find the target_link_libraries command. Add oboe to the list of libraries which your app's library depends on. For example:

target_link_libraries(native-lib oboe)

Here's a complete example CMakeLists.txt file:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22.1)

# Build our own native library
add_library (native-lib SHARED native-lib.cpp )

# Build the Oboe library
set (OBOE_DIR ./oboe)
add_subdirectory (${OBOE_DIR} ./oboe)

# Make the Oboe public headers available to our app
include_directories (${OBOE_DIR}/include)

# Specify the libraries which our native library is dependent on, including Oboe
target_link_libraries (native-lib log oboe)

Now go to Build->Refresh Linked C++ Projects to have Android Studio index the Oboe library.

Verify that your project builds correctly. If you have any issues building please report them here.

Using Oboe

Once you've added Oboe to your project you can start using Oboe's features. The simplest, and probably most common thing you'll do in Oboe is to create an audio stream.

Creating an audio stream

Include the Oboe header:

#include <oboe/Oboe.h>

Streams are built using an AudioStreamBuilder. Create one like this:

oboe::AudioStreamBuilder builder;

Use the builder's set methods to set properties on the stream (you can read more about these properties in the full guide):

builder.setDirection(oboe::Direction::Output);
builder.setPerformanceMode(oboe::PerformanceMode::LowLatency);
builder.setSharingMode(oboe::SharingMode::Exclusive);
builder.setFormat(oboe::AudioFormat::Float);
builder.setChannelCount(oboe::ChannelCount::Mono);

The builder's set methods return a pointer to the builder. So they can be easily chained:

oboe::AudioStreamBuilder builder;
builder.setPerformanceMode(oboe::PerformanceMode::LowLatency)
  ->setSharingMode(oboe::SharingMode::Exclusive)
  ->setDataCallback(myCallback)
  ->setFormat(oboe::AudioFormat::Float);

Define an AudioStreamDataCallback class to receive callbacks whenever the stream requires new data.

class MyCallback : public oboe::AudioStreamDataCallback {
public:
    oboe::DataCallbackResult
    onAudioReady(oboe::AudioStream *audioStream, void *audioData, int32_t numFrames) {
        
        // We requested AudioFormat::Float. So if the stream opens
    // we know we got the Float format.
        // If you do not specify a format then you should check what format
        // the stream has and cast to the appropriate type.
        auto *outputData = static_cast<float *>(audioData);
    
        // Generate random numbers (white noise) centered around zero.
        const float amplitude = 0.2f;
        for (int i = 0; i < numFrames; ++i){
            outputData[i] = ((float)drand48() - 0.5f) * 2 * amplitude;
        }
    
        return oboe::DataCallbackResult::Continue;
    }
};

You can find examples of how to play sound using digital synthesis and pre-recorded audio in the code samples.

Declare your callback somewhere that it won't get deleted while you are using it.

MyCallback myCallback;

Supply this callback class to the builder:

builder.setDataCallback(&myCallback);

Declare a shared pointer for the stream. Make sure it is declared with the appropriate scope. The best place is as a member variable in a managing class or as a global. Avoid declaring it as a local variable because the stream may get deleted when the function returns.

std::shared_ptr<oboe::AudioStream> mStream;

Open the stream:

oboe::Result result = builder.openStream(mStream);

Check the result to make sure the stream was opened successfully. Oboe has a convenience method for converting its types into human-readable strings called oboe::convertToText:

if (result != oboe::Result::OK) {
    LOGE("Failed to create stream. Error: %s", oboe::convertToText(result));
}

Note that this sample code uses the logging macros from here.

Playing audio

Check the properties of the created stream. If you did not specify a channelCount, sampleRate, or format then you need to query the stream to see what you got. The format property will dictate the audioData type in the AudioStreamDataCallback::onAudioReady callback. If you did specify any of those three properties then you will get what you requested.

oboe::AudioFormat format = mStream->getFormat();
LOGI("AudioStream format is %s", oboe::convertToText(format));

Now start the stream.

mStream->requestStart();

At this point you should start receiving callbacks.

To stop receiving callbacks call

mStream->requestStop();

Closing the stream

It is important to close your stream when you're not using it to avoid hogging audio resources which other apps could use. This is particularly true when using SharingMode::Exclusive because you might prevent other apps from obtaining a low latency audio stream.

Streams should be explicitly closed when the app is no longer playing audio.

mStream->close();

close() is a blocking call which also stops the stream.

For apps which only play or record audio when they are in the foreground this is usually done when Activity.onPause() is called.

Reconfiguring streams

After closing, in order to change the configuration of the stream, simply call openStream again. The existing stream is deleted and a new stream is built and populates the mStream variable.

// Modify the builder with some additional properties at runtime.
builder.setDeviceId(MY_DEVICE_ID);
// Re-open the stream with some additional config
// The old AudioStream is automatically deleted
builder.openStream(mStream);

Example

The following class is a complete implementation of an audio player that renders a sine wave.

#include <oboe/Oboe.h>
#include <math.h>
using namespace oboe;

class OboeSinePlayer: public oboe::AudioStreamDataCallback {
public:

    virtual ~OboeSinePlayer() = default;

    // Call this from Activity onResume()
    int32_t startAudio() {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
        oboe::AudioStreamBuilder builder;
        // The builder set methods can be chained for convenience.
        Result result = builder.setSharingMode(oboe::SharingMode::Exclusive)
                ->setPerformanceMode(oboe::PerformanceMode::LowLatency)
                ->setChannelCount(kChannelCount)
                ->setSampleRate(kSampleRate)
		->setSampleRateConversionQuality(oboe::SampleRateConversionQuality::Medium)
                ->setFormat(oboe::AudioFormat::Float)
                ->setDataCallback(this)
                ->openStream(mStream);
	if (result != Result::OK) return (int32_t) result;
	
        // Typically, start the stream after querying some stream information, as well as some input from the user
        result = outStream->requestStart();
	return (int32_t) result;
    }
   
    // Call this from Activity onPause()
    void stopAudio() {
        // Stop, close and delete in case not already closed.
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
        if (mStream) {
            mStream->stop();
            mStream->close();
            mStream.reset();
        }
    }

    oboe::DataCallbackResult onAudioReady(oboe::AudioStream *oboeStream, void *audioData, int32_t numFrames) override {
        float *floatData = (float *) audioData;
        for (int i = 0; i < numFrames; ++i) {
            float sampleValue = kAmplitude * sinf(mPhase);
            for (int j = 0; j < kChannelCount; j++) {
                floatData[i * kChannelCount + j] = sampleValue;
            }
            mPhase += mPhaseIncrement;
            if (mPhase >= kTwoPi) mPhase -= kTwoPi;
        }
        return oboe::DataCallbackResult::Continue;
    }

private:
    std::mutex         mLock;
    std::shared_ptr<oboe::AudioStream> mStream;

    // Stream params
    static int constexpr kChannelCount = 2;
    static int constexpr kSampleRate = 48000;
    // Wave params, these could be instance variables in order to modify at runtime
    static float constexpr kAmplitude = 0.5f;
    static float constexpr kFrequency = 440;
    static float constexpr kPI = M_PI;
    static float constexpr kTwoPi = kPI * 2;
    static double constexpr mPhaseIncrement = kFrequency * kTwoPi / (double) kSampleRate;
    // Keeps track of where the wave is
    float mPhase = 0.0;
};

Note that this implementation computes sine values at run-time for simplicity, rather than pre-computing them. Additionally, best practice is to implement a separate data callback class, rather than managing the stream and defining its data callback in the same class.

For more examples on how to use Oboe look in the samples folder.

Obtaining optimal latency

One of the goals of the Oboe library is to provide low latency audio streams on the widest range of hardware configurations. When a stream is opened using AAudio, the optimal rate will be chosen unless the app requests a specific rate. The framesPerBurst is also provided by AAudio.

But OpenSL ES cannot determine those values. So applications should query them using Java and then pass them to Oboe. They will be used for OpenSL ES streams on older devices.

Here's a code sample showing how to set these default values.

MainActivity.java

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1){
    AudioManager myAudioMgr = (AudioManager) context.getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE);
    String sampleRateStr = myAudioMgr.getProperty(AudioManager.PROPERTY_OUTPUT_SAMPLE_RATE);
    int defaultSampleRate = Integer.parseInt(sampleRateStr);
    String framesPerBurstStr = myAudioMgr.getProperty(AudioManager.PROPERTY_OUTPUT_FRAMES_PER_BUFFER);
    int defaultFramesPerBurst = Integer.parseInt(framesPerBurstStr);

    native_setDefaultStreamValues(defaultSampleRate, defaultFramesPerBurst);
}

jni-bridge.cpp

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
Java_com_google_sample_oboe_hellooboe_MainActivity_native_1setDefaultStreamValues(JNIEnv *env,
                                                                                  jclass type,
                                                                                  jint sampleRate,
                                                                                  jint framesPerBurst) {
    oboe::DefaultStreamValues::SampleRate = (int32_t) sampleRate;
    oboe::DefaultStreamValues::FramesPerBurst = (int32_t) framesPerBurst;
}

Note that the values from Java are for built-in audio devices. Peripheral devices, such as Bluetooth may need larger framesPerBurst.

Further information

Code samples
Full guide to Oboe

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