Lo-Dash ^v0.4.2

`_`

_
_.VERSION
_.after
_.bind
_.bindAll
_.chain
_.clone
_.compact
_.compose
_.contains
_.debounce
_.defaults
_.defer
_.delay
_.difference
_.escape
_.every
_.extend
_.filter
_.find
_.first
_.flatten
_.forEach
_.forIn
_.forOwn
_.functions
_.groupBy
_.has
_.identity
_.indexOf
_.initial
_.intersection
_.invoke
_.isArguments
_.isArray
_.isBoolean
_.isDate
_.isElement
_.isEmpty
_.isEqual
_.isFinite
_.isFunction
_.isNaN
_.isNull
_.isNumber
_.isObject
_.isRegExp
_.isString
_.isUndefined
_.keys
_.last
_.lastIndexOf
_.map
_.max
_.memoize
_.min
_.mixin
_.noConflict
_.once
_.partial
_.pick
_.pluck
_.range
_.reduce
_.reduceRight
_.reject
_.rest
_.result
_.shuffle
_.size
_.some
_.sortBy
_.sortedIndex
_.tap
_.template
_.throttle
_.times
_.toArray
_.union
_.uniq
_.uniqueId
_.values
_.without
_.wrap
_.zip
_.zipObject

`_.prototype`

_.prototype.chain
_.prototype.value

`_.templateSettings`

_.templateSettings
_.templateSettings.escape
_.templateSettings.evaluate
_.templateSettings.interpolate
_.templateSettings.variable

`_`

`_(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

The lodash function.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to wrap in a LoDash instance.

Returns

(Object): Returns a LoDash instance.

`_.VERSION`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

(String): The semantic version number.

`_.after(n, func)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates a new function that is restricted to executing only after it is called n times.

Arguments

n (Number): The number of times the function must be called before it is executed.
func (Function): The function to restrict.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new restricted function.

Example

var renderNotes = _.after(notes.length, render);
_.forEach(notes, function(note) {
  note.asyncSave({ 'success': renderNotes });
});
// `renderNotes` is run once, after all notes have saved

`_.bind(func [, thisArg, arg1, arg2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates a new function that, when called, invokes func with the this binding of thisArg and prepends any additional bind arguments to those passed to the bound function. Lazy defined methods may be bound by passing the object they are bound to as func and the method name as thisArg.

Arguments

func (Function|Object): The function to bind or the object the method belongs to.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding of func or the method name.
[arg1, arg2, ...] (Mixed): Arguments to be partially applied.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new bound function.

Example

// basic bind
var func = function(greeting) {
  return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
};

func = _.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }, 'hi');
func();
// => 'hi moe'

// lazy bind
var object = {
  'name': 'moe',
  'greet': function(greeting) {
    return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
  }
};

var func = _.bind(object, 'greet', 'hi');
func();
// => 'hi moe'

object.greet = function(greeting) {
  return greeting + ', ' + this.name + '!';
};

func();
// => 'hi, moe!'

`_.bindAll(object [, methodName1, methodName2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Binds methods on object to object, overwriting the existing method. If no method names are provided, all the function properties of object will be bound.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
[methodName1, methodName2, ...] (String): Method names on the object to bind.

Returns

(Object): Returns the object.

Example

var buttonView = {
 'label': 'lodash',
 'onClick': function() { alert('clicked: ' + this.label); }
};

_.bindAll(buttonView);
jQuery('#lodash_button').on('click', buttonView.onClick);
// => When the button is clicked, `this.label` will have the correct value

`_.chain(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Wraps the value in a lodash wrapper object.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to wrap.

Returns

(Object): Returns the wrapper object.

Example

var stooges = [
  { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
  { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
  { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
];

var youngest = _.chain(stooges)
    .sortBy(function(stooge) { return stooge.age; })
    .map(function(stooge) { return stooge.name + ' is ' + stooge.age; })
    .first()
    .value();
// => 'moe is 40'

`_.clone(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Create a shallow clone of the value. Any nested objects or arrays will be assigned by reference and not cloned.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to clone.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns the cloned value.

Example

_.clone({ 'name': 'moe' });
// => { 'name': 'moe' };

`_.compact(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Produces a new array with all falsey values of array removed. The values false, null, 0, "", undefined and NaN are all falsey.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to compact.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new filtered array.

Example

_.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
// => [1, 2, 3]

`_.compose([func1, func2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates a new function that is the composition of the passed functions, where each function consumes the return value of the function that follows. In math terms, composing the functions f(), g(), and h() produces f(g(h())).

Arguments

[func1, func2, ...] (Function): Functions to compose.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new composed function.

Example

var greet = function(name) { return 'hi: ' + name; };
var exclaim = function(statement) { return statement + '!'; };
var welcome = _.compose(exclaim, greet);
welcome('moe');
// => 'hi: moe!'

`_.contains(collection, target)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if a given target value is present in a collection using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. ===.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
target (Mixed): The value to check for.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if target value is found, else false.

Example

_.contains([1, 2, 3], 3);
// => true

_.contains({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'moe');
// => true

_.contains('curly', 'ur');
// => true

`_.debounce(func, wait, immediate)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates a new function that will delay the execution of func until after wait milliseconds have elapsed since the last time it was invoked. Pass true for immediate to cause debounce to invoke func on the leading, instead of the trailing, edge of the wait timeout. Subsequent calls to the debounced function will return the result of the last func call.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to debounce.
wait (Number): The number of milliseconds to delay.
immediate (Boolean): A flag to indicate execution is on the leading edge of the timeout.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new debounced function.

Example

var lazyLayout = _.debounce(calculateLayout, 300);
jQuery(window).on('resize', lazyLayout);

`_.defaults(object [, defaults1, defaults2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Assigns missing properties on object with default values from the defaults objects. Once a property is set, additional defaults of the same property will be ignored.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to populate.
[defaults1, defaults2, ...] (Object): The defaults objects to apply to object.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

var iceCream = { 'flavor': 'chocolate' };
_.defaults(iceCream, { 'flavor': 'vanilla', 'sprinkles': 'rainbow' });
// => { 'flavor': 'chocolate', 'sprinkles': 'rainbow' }

`_.defer(func [, arg1, arg2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Defers executing the func function until the current call stack has cleared. Additional arguments are passed to func when it is invoked.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to defer.
[arg1, arg2, ...] (Mixed): Arguments to invoke the function with.

Returns

(Number): Returns the setTimeout timeout id.

Example

_.defer(function() { alert('deferred'); });
// returns from the function before `alert` is called

`_.delay(func, wait [, arg1, arg2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Executes the func function after wait milliseconds. Additional arguments are passed to func when it is invoked.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to delay.
wait (Number): The number of milliseconds to delay execution.
[arg1, arg2, ...] (Mixed): Arguments to invoke the function with.

Returns

(Number): Returns the setTimeout timeout id.

Example

var log = _.bind(console.log, console);
_.delay(log, 1000, 'logged later');
// => 'logged later' (Appears after one second.)

`_.difference(array [, array1, array2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Produces a new array of array values not present in the other arrays using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. ===.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to process.
[array1, array2, ...] (Array): Arrays to check.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of array values not present in the other arrays.

Example

_.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);
// => [1, 3, 4]

`_.escape(string)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Escapes a string for inclusion in HTML, replacing &, <, ", and ' characters.

Arguments

string (String): The string to escape.

Returns

(String): Returns the escaped string.

Example

_.escape('Curly, Larry & Moe');
// => "Curly, Larry &amp; Moe"

`_.every(collection [, callback=identity, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if the callback returns a truthy value for all elements of a collection. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
[callback=identity] (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if all values pass the callback check, else false.

Example

_.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
// => false

`_.extend(object [, source1, source2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Copies enumerable properties from the source objects to the destination object. Subsequent sources will overwrite propery assignments of previous sources.

Arguments

object (Object): The destination object.
[source1, source2, ...] (Object): The source objects.

Returns

(Object): Returns the destination object.

Example

_.extend({ 'name': 'moe' }, { 'age': 40 });
// => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }

`_.filter(collection [, callback=identity, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Examines each value in a collection, returning an array of all values the callback returns truthy for. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
[callback=identity] (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of values that passed callback check.

Example

var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
// => [2, 4, 6]

`_.find(collection, callback [, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Examines each value in a collection, returning the first one the callback returns truthy for. The function returns as soon as it finds an acceptable value, and does not iterate over the entire collection. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
callback (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns the value that passed the callback check, else undefined.

Example

var even = _.find([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
// => 2

`_.first(array [, n, guard])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Gets the first value of the array. Pass n to return the first n values of the array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.
[n] (Number): The number of elements to return.
[guard] (Object): Internally used to allow this method to work with others like _.map without using their callback index argument for n.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns the first value or an array of the first n values of array.

Example

_.first([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
// => 5

`_.flatten(array, shallow)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth). If shallow is truthy, array will only be flattened a single level.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to compact.
shallow (Boolean): A flag to indicate only flattening a single level.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new flattened array.

Example

_.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
// => [1, 2, 3, 4];

_.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
// => [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];

`_.forEach(collection, callback [, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Iterates over a collection, executing the callback for each value in the collection. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
callback (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Array, Object): Returns the collection.

Example

_([1, 2, 3]).forEach(alert).join(',');
// => alerts each number and returns '1,2,3'

_.forEach({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, alert);
// => alerts each number (order is not guaranteed)

`_.forIn(object, callback [, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Iterates over object's own and inherited enumerable properties, executing the callback for each property. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, key, object).

Arguments

object (Object): The object to iterate over.
callback (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Object): Returns the object.

Example

function Dog(name) {
  this.name = name;
}

Dog.prototype.bark = function() {
  alert('Woof, woof!');
};

_.forIn(new Dog('Dagny'), function(value, key) {
  alert(key);
});
// => alerts 'name' and 'bark' (order is not guaranteed)

`_.forOwn(object, callback [, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Iterates over object's own enumerable properties, executing the callback for each property. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, key, object).

Arguments

object (Object): The object to iterate over.
callback (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Object): Returns the object.

Example

_.forOwn({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
  alert(key);
});
// => alerts '0', '1', and 'length' (order is not guaranteed)

`_.functions(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Produces a sorted array of the enumerable properties, own and inherited, of object that have function values.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to inspect.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of property names that have function values.

Example

_.functions(_);
// => ['all', 'any', 'bind', 'bindAll', 'clone', 'compact', 'compose', ...]

`_.groupBy(collection, callback [, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Splits collection into sets, grouped by the result of running each value through callback. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection). The callback argument may also be the name of a property to group by.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
callback (Function|String): The function called per iteration or property name to group by.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Object): Returns an object of grouped values.

Example

_.groupBy([1.3, 2.1, 2.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
// => { '1': [1.3], '2': [2.1, 2.4] }

_.groupBy([1.3, 2.1, 2.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
// => { '1': [1.3], '2': [2.1, 2.4] }

_.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
// => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }

`_.has(object, property)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if the specified object property exists and is a direct property, instead of an inherited property.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to check.
property (String): The property to check for.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if key is a direct property, else false.

Example

_.has({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, 'b');
// => true

`_.identity(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

This function returns the first argument passed to it. Note: It is used throughout Lo-Dash as a default callback.

Arguments

value (Mixed): Any value.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns value.

Example

var moe = { 'name': 'moe' };
moe === _.identity(moe);
// => true

`_.indexOf(array, value [, fromIndex=0])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Gets the index at which the first occurrence of value is found using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. ===. If the array is already sorted, passing true for isSorted will run a faster binary search.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to search.
value (Mixed): The value to search for.
[fromIndex=0] (Boolean|Number): The index to start searching from or true to perform a binary search on a sorted array.

Returns

(Number): Returns the index of the matched value or -1.

Example

_.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
// => 1

_.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
// => 4

_.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], 2, true);
// => 2

`_.initial(array [, n, guard])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Gets all but the last value of array. Pass n to exclude the last n values from the result.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.
[n] (Number): The number of elements to return.
[guard] (Object): Internally used to allow this method to work with others like _.map without using their callback index argument for n.

Returns

(Array): Returns all but the last value or n values of array.

Example

_.initial([3, 2, 1]);
// => [3, 2]

`_.intersection([array1, array2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Computes the intersection of all the passed-in arrays.

Arguments

[array1, array2, ...] (Array): Arrays to process.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of unique values, in order, that are present in all of the arrays.

Example

_.intersection([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
// => [1, 2]

`_.invoke(collection, methodName [, arg1, arg2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Invokes the method named by methodName on each element in the collection. Additional arguments will be passed to each invoked method. If methodName is a function it will be invoked for, and this bound to, each element in the collection.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
methodName (Function|String): The name of the method to invoke or the function invoked per iteration.
[arg1, arg2, ...] (Mixed): Arguments to invoke the method with.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of values returned from each invoked method.

Example

_.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
// => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]

_.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
// => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]

`_.isArguments(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is an arguments object.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is an arguments object, else false.

Example

(function() { return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3);
// => true

_.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
// => false

`_.isArray(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is an array.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is an array, else false.

Example

(function() { return _.isArray(arguments); })();
// => false

_.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
// => true

`_.isBoolean(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is a boolean (true or false) value.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is a boolean value, else false.

Example

_.isBoolean(null);
// => false

`_.isDate(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is a date.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is a date, else false.

Example

_.isDate(new Date);
// => true

`_.isElement(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is a DOM element.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is a DOM element, else false.

Example

_.isElement(document.body);
// => true

`_.isEmpty(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is empty. Arrays or strings with a length of 0 and objects with no own enumerable properties are considered "empty".

Arguments

value (Array|Object|String): The value to inspect.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is empty, else false.

Example

_.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
// => false

_.isEmpty({});
// => true

_.isEmpty('');
// => true

`_.isEqual(a, b [, stack])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are equivalent to each other.

Arguments

a (Mixed): The value to compare.
b (Mixed): The other value to compare.
[stack] (Array): Internally used to keep track of "seen" objects to avoid circular references.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the values are equvalent, else false.

Example

var moe = { 'name': 'moe', 'luckyNumbers': [13, 27, 34] };
var clone = { 'name': 'moe', 'luckyNumbers': [13, 27, 34] };

moe == clone;
// => false

_.isEqual(moe, clone);
// => true

`_.isFinite(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is a finite number. Note: This is not the same as native isFinite, which will return true for booleans and other values. See http://es5.github.com/#x15.1.2.5.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is a finite number, else false.

Example

_.isFinite(-101);
// => true

_.isFinite('10');
// => false

_.isFinite(Infinity);
// => false

`_.isFunction(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is a function.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is a function, else false.

Example

_.isFunction(''.concat);
// => true

`_.isNaN(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is NaN. Note: This is not the same as native isNaN, which will return true for undefined and other values. See http://es5.github.com/#x15.1.2.4.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is NaN, else false.

Example

_.isNaN(NaN);
// => true

_.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
// => true

isNaN(undefined);
// => true

_.isNaN(undefined);
// => false

`_.isNull(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is null.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is null, else false.

Example

_.isNull(null);
// => true

_.isNull(undefined);
// => false

`_.isNumber(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is a number.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is a number, else false.

Example

_.isNumber(8.4 * 5;
// => true

`_.isObject(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is the language type of Object. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexps, new Number(0), and new String(''))

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is an object, else false.

Example

_.isObject({});
// => true

_.isObject(1);
// => false

`_.isRegExp(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is a regular expression.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is a regular expression, else false.

Example

_.isRegExp(/moe/);
// => true

`_.isString(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is a string.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is a string, else false.

Example

_.isString('moe');
// => true

`_.isUndefined(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if value is undefined.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to check.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if the value is undefined, else false.

Example

_.isUndefined(void 0);
// => true

`_.keys(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Produces an array of object`'s own enumerable property names.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to inspect.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of property names.

Example

_.keys({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
// => ['one', 'two', 'three'] (order is not guaranteed)

`_.last(array [, n, guard])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Gets the last value of the array. Pass n to return the lasy n values of the array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.
[n] (Number): The number of elements to return.
[guard] (Object): Internally used to allow this method to work with others like _.map without using their callback index argument for n.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns the last value or an array of the last n values of array.

Example

_.last([3, 2, 1]);
// => 1

`_.lastIndexOf(array, value [, fromIndex=array.length-1])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Gets the index at which the last occurrence of value is found using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. ===.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to search.
value (Mixed): The value to search for.
[fromIndex=array.length-1] (Number): The index to start searching from.

Returns

(Number): Returns the index of the matched value or -1.

Example

_.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
// => 4

_.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
// => 1

`_.map(collection [, callback=identity, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Produces a new array of values by mapping each element in the collection through a transformation callback. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
[callback=identity] (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of values returned by the callback.

Example

_.map([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return num * 3; });
// => [3, 6, 9]

_.map({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { return num * 3; });
// => [3, 6, 9] (order is not guaranteed)

`_.max(array [, callback, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Retrieves the maximum value of an array. If callback is passed, it will be executed for each value in the array to generate the criterion by which the value is ranked. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index, array).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to iterate over.
[callback] (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns the maximum value.

Example

var stooges = [
  { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
  { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
  { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
];

_.max(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
// => { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 };

`_.memoize(func [, resolver])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates a new function that memoizes the result of func. If resolver is passed, it will be used to determine the cache key for storing the result based on the arguments passed to the memoized function. By default, the first argument passed to the memoized function is used as the cache key.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to have its output memoized.
[resolver] (Function): A function used to resolve the cache key.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new memoizing function.

Example

var fibonacci = _.memoize(function(n) {
  return n < 2 ? n : fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
});

`_.min(array [, callback, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Retrieves the minimum value of an array. If callback is passed, it will be executed for each value in the array to generate the criterion by which the value is ranked. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index, array).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to iterate over.
[callback] (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns the minimum value.

Example

_.min([10, 5, 100, 2, 1000]);
// => 2

`_.mixin(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Adds functions properties of object to the lodash function and chainable wrapper.

Arguments

object (Object): The object of function properties to add to lodash.

Example

_.mixin({
  'capitalize': function(string) {
    return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1).toLowerCase();
  }
});

_.capitalize('curly');
// => 'Curly'

_('larry').capitalize();
// => 'Larry'

`_.noConflict()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Reverts the '_' variable to its previous value and returns a reference to the lodash function.

Returns

(Function): Returns the lodash function.

Example

var lodash = _.noConflict();

`_.once(func)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates a new function that is restricted to one execution. Repeat calls to the function will return the value of the first call.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to restrict.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new restricted function.

Example

var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
initialize();
initialize();
// Application is only created once.

`_.partial(func [, arg1, arg2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates a new function that, when called, invokes func with any additional partial arguments prepended to those passed to the partially applied function. This method is similar bind, except it does not alter the this binding.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to partially apply arguments to.
[arg1, arg2, ...] (Mixed): Arguments to be partially applied.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new partially applied function.

Example

var greet = function(greeting, name) { return greeting + ': ' + name; };
var hi = _.partial(greet, 'hi');
hi('moe');
// => 'hi: moe'

`_.pick(object [, prop1, prop2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates an object composed of the specified properties. Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of property names.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to pluck.
[prop1, prop2, ...] (Object): The properties to pick.

Returns

(Object): Returns an object composed of the picked properties.

Example

_.pick({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40, 'userid': 'moe1' }, 'name', 'age');
// => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }

`_.pluck(collection, property)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in the collection.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
property (String): The property to pluck.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of property values.

Example

var stooges = [
  { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
  { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
  { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
];

_.pluck(stooges, 'name');
// => ['moe', 'larry', 'curly']

`_.range([start=0], end [, step=1])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from start up to but not including stop. This method is a port of Python's range() function. See http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range.

Arguments

[start=0] (Number): The start of the range.
end (Number): The end of the range.
[step=1] (Number): The value to increment or descrement by.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new range array.

Example

_.range(10);
// => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

_.range(1, 11);
// => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

_.range(0, 30, 5);
// => [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]

_.range(0, -10, -1);
// => [0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]

_.range(0);
// => []

`_.reduce(collection, callback [, accumulator, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Boils down a collection to a single value. The initial state of the reduction is accumulator and each successive step of it should be returned by the callback. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 4 arguments; for arrays they are (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
callback (Function): The function called per iteration.
[accumulator] (Mixed): Initial value of the accumulator.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns the accumulated value.

Example

var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(memo, num) { return memo + num; });
// => 6

`_.reduceRight(collection, callback [, accumulator, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

The right-associative version of _.reduce.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
callback (Function): The function called per iteration.
[accumulator] (Mixed): Initial value of the accumulator.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns the accumulated value.

Example

var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);
// => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]

`_.reject(collection [, callback=identity, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

The opposite of _.filter, this method returns the values of a collection that callback does not return truthy for.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
[callback=identity] (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of values that did not pass the callback check.

Example

var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
// => [1, 3, 5]

`_.rest(array [, n, guard])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

The opposite of _.initial, this method gets all but the first value of array. Pass n to exclude the first n values from the result.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.
[n] (Number): The number of elements to return.
[guard] (Object): Internally used to allow this method to work with others like _.map without using their callback index argument for n.

Returns

(Array): Returns all but the first value or n values of array.

Example

_.rest([3, 2, 1]);
// => [2, 1]

`_.result(object, property)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Resolves the value of property on object. If property is a function it will be invoked and its result returned, else the property value is returned. If object is falsey, then null is returned.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to inspect.
property (String): The property to get the result of.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns the resolved value.

Example

var object = {
  'cheese': 'crumpets',
  'stuff': function() {
    return 'nonsense';
  }
};

_.result(object, 'cheese');
// => 'crumpets'

_.result(object, 'stuff');
// => 'nonsense'

`_.shuffle(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Produces a new array of shuffled array values, using a version of the Fisher-Yates shuffle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to shuffle.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new shuffled array.

Example

_.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
// => [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]

`_.size(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Gets the size of value by returning value.length if value is a string or array, or the number of own enumerable properties if value is an object.

Arguments

value (Array|Object|String): The value to inspect.

Returns

(Number): Returns value.length if value is a string or array, or the number of own enumerable properties if value is an object.

Example

_.size([1, 2]);
// => 2

_.size({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
// => 3

_.size('curly');
// => 5

`_.some(collection [, callback=identity, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Checks if the callback returns a truthy value for any element of a collection. The function returns as soon as it finds passing value, and does not iterate over the entire collection. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
[callback=identity] (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Boolean): Returns true if any value passes the callback check, else false.

Example

_.some([null, 0, 'yes', false]);
// => true

`_.sortBy(collection, callback [, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Produces a new sorted array, sorted in ascending order by the results of running each element of collection through a transformation callback. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection). The callback argument may also be the name of a property to sort by (e.g. 'length').

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to iterate over.
callback (Function|String): The function called per iteration or property name to sort by.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of sorted values.

Example

_.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return Math.sin(num); });
// => [3, 1, 2]

_.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return this.sin(num); }, Math);
// => [3, 1, 2]

_.sortBy(['larry', 'brendan', 'moe'], 'length');
// => ['moe', 'larry', 'brendan']

`_.sortedIndex(array, value [, callback=identity, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Uses a binary search to determine the smallest index at which the value should be inserted into array in order to maintain the sort order of the sorted array. If callback is passed, it will be executed for value and each element in array to compute their sort ranking. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 1 argument; (value).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to iterate over.
value (Mixed): The value to evaluate.
[callback=identity] (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Number): Returns the index at which the value should be inserted into array.

Example

_.sortedIndex([20, 30, 40], 35);
// => 2

var dict = {
  'wordToNumber': { 'twenty': 20, 'thirty': 30, 'thirty-five': 35, 'fourty': 40 }
};

_.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fourty'], 'thirty-five', function(word) {
  return dict.wordToNumber[word];
});
// => 2

_.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fourty'], 'thirty-five', function(word) {
  return this.wordToNumber[word];
}, dict);
// => 2

`_.tap(value, interceptor)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Invokes interceptor with the value as the first argument, and then returns value. The purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.

Arguments

value (Mixed): The value to pass to callback.
interceptor (Function): The function to invoke.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns value.

Example

_.chain([1,2,3,200])
 .filter(function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; })
 .tap(alert)
 .map(function(num) { return num * num })
 .value();
// => // [2, 200] (alerted)
// => [4, 40000]

`_.template(text, data, options)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

A micro-templating method that handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace, and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.

Arguments

text (String): The template text.
data (Obect): The data object used to populate the text.
options (Object): The options object.

Returns

(Function, String): Returns a compiled function when no data object is given, else it returns the interpolated text.

Example

// using compiled template
var compiled = _.template('hello: <%= name %>');
compiled({ 'name': 'moe' });
// => 'hello: moe'

var list = '<% _.forEach(people, function(name) { %> <li><%= name %></li> <% }); %>';
_.template(list, { 'people': ['moe', 'curly', 'larry'] });
// => '<li>moe</li><li>curly</li><li>larry</li>'

var template = _.template('<b><%- value %></b>');
template({ 'value': '<script>' });
// => '<b>&lt;script></b>'

// using `print`
var compiled = _.template('<% print("Hello " + epithet); %>');
compiled({ 'epithet': 'stooge' });
// => 'Hello stooge.'

// using custom template settings
_.templateSettings = {
  'interpolate': /\{\{(.+?)\}\}/g
};

var template = _.template('Hello {{ name }}!');
template({ 'name': 'Mustache' });
// => 'Hello Mustache!'

// using the `variable` option
_.template('<%= data.hasWith %>', { 'hasWith': 'no' }, { 'variable': 'data' });
// => 'no'

// using the `source` property
<script>
  JST.project = <%= _.template(jstText).source %>;
</script>

`_.throttle(func, wait)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates a new function that, when executed, will only call the func function at most once per every wait milliseconds. If the throttled function is invoked more than once during the wait timeout, func will also be called on the trailing edge of the timeout. Subsequent calls to the throttled function will return the result of the last func call.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to throttle.
wait (Number): The number of milliseconds to throttle executions to.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new throttled function.

Example

var throttled = _.throttle(updatePosition, 100);
jQuery(window).on('scroll', throttled);

`_.times(n, callback [, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Executes the callback function n times. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 1 argument; (index).

Arguments

n (Number): The number of times to execute the callback.
callback (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Example

_.times(3, function() { genie.grantWish(); });
// => calls `genie.grantWish()` 3 times

_.times(3, function() { this.grantWish(); }, genie);
// => also calls `genie.grantWish()` 3 times

`_.toArray(collection)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Converts the collection, into an array. Useful for converting the arguments object.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|String): The collection to convert.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new converted array.

Example

(function() { return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);
// => [2, 3, 4]

`_.union([array1, array2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Computes the union of the passed-in arrays.

Arguments

[array1, array2, ...] (Array): Arrays to process.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of unique values, in order, that are present in one or more of the arrays.

Example

_.union([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
// => [1, 2, 3, 101, 10]

`_.uniq(array [, isSorted=false, callback=identity, thisArg])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Produces a duplicate-value-free version of the array using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. ===. If the array is already sorted, passing true for isSorted will run a faster algorithm. If callback is passed, each value of array is passed through a transformation callback before uniqueness is computed. The callback is bound to thisArg and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index, array).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to process.
[isSorted=false] (Boolean): A flag to indicate that the array is already sorted.
[callback=identity] (Function): The function called per iteration.
[thisArg] (Mixed): The this binding for the callback.

Returns

(Array): Returns a duplicate-value-free array.

Example

_.uniq([1, 2, 1, 3, 1]);
// => [1, 2, 3]

_.uniq([1, 1, 2, 2, 3], true);
// => [1, 2, 3]

_.uniq([1, 2, 1.5, 3, 2.5], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
// => [1, 2, 3]

_.uniq([1, 2, 1.5, 3, 2.5], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
// => [1, 2, 3]

`_.uniqueId([prefix])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Generates a unique id. If prefix is passed, the id will be appended to it.

Arguments

[prefix] (String): The value to prefix the id with.

Returns

(Number, String): Returns a numeric id if no prefix is passed, else a string id may be returned.

Example

_.uniqueId('contact_');
// => 'contact_104'

`_.values(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Produces an array of object's own enumerable property values.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to inspect.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of property values.

Example

_.values({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
// => [1, 2, 3]

`_.without(array [, value1, value2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Produces a new array with all occurrences of the passed values removed using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. ===.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to filter.
[value1, value2, ...] (Mixed): Values to remove.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new filtered array.

Example

_.without([1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4], 0, 1);
// => [2, 3, 4]

`_.wrap(func, wrapper [, arg1, arg2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Create a new function that passes the func function to the wrapper function as its first argument. Additional arguments are appended to those passed to the wrapper function.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to wrap.
wrapper (Function): The wrapper function.
[arg1, arg2, ...] (Mixed): Arguments to append to those passed to the wrapper.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var hello = function(name) { return 'hello: ' + name; };
hello = _.wrap(hello, function(func) {
  return 'before, ' + func('moe') + ', after';
});
hello();
// => 'before, hello: moe, after'

`_.zip([array1, array2, ...])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Merges the elements of each array at their corresponding indexes. Useful for separate data sources that are coordinated through matching array indexes. For a matrix of nested arrays, _.zip.apply(...) can transpose the matrix in a similar fashion.

Arguments

[array1, array2, ...] (Array): Arrays to process.

Returns

(Array): Returns a new array of merged arrays.

Example

_.zip(['moe', 'larry', 'curly'], [30, 40, 50], [true, false, false]);
// => [['moe', 30, true], ['larry', 40, false], ['curly', 50, false]]

`_.zipObject(keys)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Merges an array of keys and an array of values into a single object.

Arguments

keys (Array): The array of keys.

Returns

(Object): Returns an object composed of the given keys and corresponding values.

Example

_.zipObject(['moe', 'larry', 'curly'], [30, 40, 50]);
// => { 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40, 'curly': 50 }

`_.prototype`

`_.prototype.chain()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Enables method chaining on the wrapper object.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns the wrapper object.

Example

_([1, 2, 3]).value();
// => [1, 2, 3]

`_.prototype.value()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Extracts the wrapped value.

Returns

(Mixed): Returns the wrapped value.

Example

_([1, 2, 3]).value();
// => [1, 2, 3]

`_.templateSettings`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

(Object): By default, Lo-Dash uses embedded Ruby (ERB) style template delimiters, change the following template settings to use alternative delimiters.

`_.templateSettings.escape`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

(RegExp): Used to detect data property values to be HTML-escaped.

`_.templateSettings.evaluate`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

(RegExp): Used to detect code to be evaluated.

`_.templateSettings.interpolate`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

(RegExp): Used to detect data property values to inject.

`_.templateSettings.variable`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

(String): Used to reference the data object in the template text.

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