lodash v4.0.1

`Array`

_.chunk
_.compact
_.concat
_.difference
_.differenceBy
_.differenceWith
_.drop
_.dropRight
_.dropRightWhile
_.dropWhile
_.fill
_.findIndex
_.findLastIndex
_.first -> head
_.flatMap
_.flatten
_.flattenDeep
_.fromPairs
_.head
_.indexOf
_.initial
_.intersection
_.intersectionBy
_.intersectionWith
_.join
_.last
_.lastIndexOf
_.pull
_.pullAll
_.pullAllBy
_.pullAt
_.remove
_.reverse
_.slice
_.sortedIndex
_.sortedIndexBy
_.sortedIndexOf
_.sortedLastIndex
_.sortedLastIndexBy
_.sortedLastIndexOf
_.sortedUniq
_.sortedUniqBy
_.tail
_.take
_.takeRight
_.takeRightWhile
_.takeWhile
_.union
_.unionBy
_.unionWith
_.uniq
_.uniqBy
_.uniqWith
_.unzip
_.unzipWith
_.without
_.xor
_.xorBy
_.xorWith
_.zip
_.zipObject
_.zipWith

`Collection`

_.countBy
_.each -> forEach
_.eachRight -> forEachRight
_.every
_.filter
_.find
_.findLast
_.forEach
_.forEachRight
_.groupBy
_.includes
_.invokeMap
_.keyBy
_.map
_.orderBy
_.partition
_.reduce
_.reduceRight
_.reject
_.sample
_.sampleSize
_.shuffle
_.size
_.some
_.sortBy

`Date`

_.now

`Function`

_.after
_.ary
_.before
_.bind
_.bindKey
_.curry
_.curryRight
_.debounce
_.defer
_.delay
_.flip
_.memoize
_.negate
_.once
_.overArgs
_.partial
_.partialRight
_.rearg
_.rest
_.spread
_.throttle
_.unary
_.wrap

`Lang`

_.clone
_.cloneDeep
_.cloneDeepWith
_.cloneWith
_.eq
_.gt
_.gte
_.isArguments
_.isArray
_.isArrayLike
_.isArrayLikeObject
_.isBoolean
_.isDate
_.isElement
_.isEmpty
_.isEqual
_.isEqualWith
_.isError
_.isFinite
_.isFunction
_.isInteger
_.isLength
_.isMatch
_.isMatchWith
_.isNaN
_.isNative
_.isNil
_.isNull
_.isNumber
_.isObject
_.isObjectLike
_.isPlainObject
_.isRegExp
_.isSafeInteger
_.isString
_.isSymbol
_.isTypedArray
_.isUndefined
_.lt
_.lte
_.toArray
_.toInteger
_.toLength
_.toNumber
_.toPlainObject
_.toSafeInteger
_.toString

`Math`

_.add
_.ceil
_.floor
_.max
_.maxBy
_.mean
_.min
_.minBy
_.round
_.subtract
_.sum
_.sumBy

`Number`

_.clamp
_.inRange
_.random

`Object`

_.assign
_.assignIn
_.assignInWith
_.assignWith
_.at
_.create
_.defaults
_.defaultsDeep
_.extend -> assignIn
_.extendWith -> assignInWith
_.findKey
_.findLastKey
_.forIn
_.forInRight
_.forOwn
_.forOwnRight
_.functions
_.functionsIn
_.get
_.has
_.hasIn
_.invert
_.invoke
_.keys
_.keysIn
_.mapKeys
_.mapValues
_.merge
_.mergeWith
_.omit
_.omitBy
_.pick
_.pickBy
_.result
_.set
_.setWith
_.toPairs
_.toPairsIn
_.transform
_.unset
_.values
_.valuesIn

`Seq`

_
_.chain
_.tap
_.thru
_.prototype[Symbol.iterator]
_.prototype.at
_.prototype.chain
_.prototype.commit
_.prototype.flatMap
_.prototype.next
_.prototype.plant
_.prototype.reverse
_.prototype.toJSON -> value
_.prototype.value
_.prototype.valueOf -> value

`String`

_.camelCase
_.capitalize
_.deburr
_.endsWith
_.escape
_.escapeRegExp
_.kebabCase
_.lowerCase
_.lowerFirst
_.pad
_.padEnd
_.padStart
_.parseInt
_.repeat
_.replace
_.snakeCase
_.split
_.startCase
_.startsWith
_.template
_.toLower
_.toUpper
_.trim
_.trimEnd
_.trimStart
_.truncate
_.unescape
_.upperCase
_.upperFirst
_.words

`Util`

_.attempt
_.bindAll
_.cond
_.conforms
_.constant
_.flow
_.flowRight
_.identity
_.iteratee
_.matches
_.matchesProperty
_.method
_.methodOf
_.mixin
_.noConflict
_.noop
_.nthArg
_.over
_.overEvery
_.overSome
_.property
_.propertyOf
_.range
_.rangeRight
_.runInContext
_.times
_.toPath
_.uniqueId

`Properties`

_.VERSION
_.templateSettings
_.templateSettings.escape
_.templateSettings.evaluate
_.templateSettings.imports
_.templateSettings.interpolate
_.templateSettings.variable

`Methods`

_.templateSettings.imports._

`“Array” Methods`

`_.chunk(array, [size=0])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of elements split into groups the length of size. If array can't be split evenly, the final chunk will be the remaining elements.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to process.
[size=0] (number): The length of each chunk.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array containing chunks.

Example

_.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 2);
// => [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']]

_.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 3);
// => [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d']]

`_.compact(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values false, null, 0, "", undefined, and NaN are falsey.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to compact.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of filtered values.

Example

_.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
// => [1, 2, 3]

`_.concat(array, [values])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a new array concatenating array with any additional arrays and/or values.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to concatenate.
[values] (...*): The values to concatenate.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new concatenated array.

Example

var array = [1];
var other = _.concat(array, 2, [3], [[4]]);

console.log(other);
// => [1, 2, 3, [4]]

console.log(array);
// => [1]

`_.difference(array, [values])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of unique array values not included in the other provided arrays using SameValueZero for equality comparisons.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to inspect.
[values] (...Array): The values to exclude.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of filtered values.

Example

_.difference([3, 2, 1], [4, 2]);
// => [3, 1]

`_.differenceBy(array, [values], [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.difference except that it accepts iteratee which is invoked for each element of array and values to generate the criterion by which uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to inspect.
[values] (...Array): The values to exclude.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee invoked per element.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of filtered values.

Example

_.differenceBy([3.1, 2.2, 1.3], [4.4, 2.5], Math.floor);
// => [3.1, 1.3]

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.differenceBy([{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 1 }], 'x');
// => [{ 'x': 2 }]

`_.differenceWith(array, [values], [comparator])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.difference except that it accepts comparator which is invoked to compare elements of array to values. The comparator is invoked with two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to inspect.
[values] (...Array): The values to exclude.
[comparator] (Function): The comparator invoked per element.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of filtered values.

Example

var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }];

_.differenceWith(objects, [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }], _.isEqual);
// => [{ 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }]

`_.drop(array, [n=1])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a slice of array with n elements dropped from the beginning.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.
[n=1] (number): The number of elements to drop.

Returns

(Array): Returns the slice of array.

Example

_.drop([1, 2, 3]);
// => [2, 3]

_.drop([1, 2, 3], 2);
// => [3]

_.drop([1, 2, 3], 5);
// => []

_.drop([1, 2, 3], 0);
// => [1, 2, 3]

`_.dropRight(array, [n=1])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a slice of array with n elements dropped from the end.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.
[n=1] (number): The number of elements to drop.

Returns

(Array): Returns the slice of array.

Example

_.dropRight([1, 2, 3]);
// => [1, 2]

_.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
// => [1]

_.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
// => []

_.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
// => [1, 2, 3]

`_.dropRightWhile(array, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a slice of array excluding elements dropped from the end. Elements are dropped until predicate returns falsey. The predicate is invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array): Returns the slice of array.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
];

_.dropRightWhile(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
// => objects for ['barney']

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.dropRightWhile(users, { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false });
// => objects for ['barney', 'fred']

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.dropRightWhile(users, ['active', false]);
// => objects for ['barney']

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.dropRightWhile(users, 'active');
// => objects for ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']

`_.dropWhile(array, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a slice of array excluding elements dropped from the beginning. Elements are dropped until predicate returns falsey. The predicate is invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array): Returns the slice of array.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
];

_.dropWhile(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
// => objects for ['pebbles']

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.dropWhile(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
// => objects for ['fred', 'pebbles']

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.dropWhile(users, ['active', false]);
// => objects for ['pebbles']

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.dropWhile(users, 'active');
// => objects for ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']

`_.fill(array, value, [start=0], [end=array.length])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Fills elements of array with value from start up to, but not including, end.

Note: This method mutates array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to fill.
value (*): The value to fill array with.
[start=0] (number): The start position.
[end=array.length] (number): The end position.

Returns

(Array): Returns array.

Example

var array = [1, 2, 3];

_.fill(array, 'a');
console.log(array);
// => ['a', 'a', 'a']

_.fill(Array(3), 2);
// => [2, 2, 2]

_.fill([4, 6, 8, 10], '*', 1, 3);
// => [4, '*', '*', 10]

`_.findIndex(array, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.find except that it returns the index of the first element predicate returns truthy for instead of the element itself.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to search.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(number): Returns the index of the found element, else -1.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
];

_.findIndex(users, function(o) { return o.user == 'barney'; });
// => 0

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.findIndex(users, { 'user': 'fred', 'active': false });
// => 1

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.findIndex(users, ['active', false]);
// => 0

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.findIndex(users, 'active');
// => 2

`_.findLastIndex(array, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.findIndex except that it iterates over elements of collection from right to left.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to search.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(number): Returns the index of the found element, else -1.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
];

_.findLastIndex(users, function(o) { return o.user == 'pebbles'; });
// => 2

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.findLastIndex(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true });
// => 0

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.findLastIndex(users, ['active', false]);
// => 2

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.findLastIndex(users, 'active');
// => 0

`_.flatMap(array, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of flattened values by running each element in array through iteratee and concating its result to the other mapped values. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, array).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array.

Example

function duplicate(n) {
  return [n, n];
}

_.flatMap([1, 2], duplicate);
// => [1, 1, 2, 2]

`_.flatten(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Flattens array a single level.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to flatten.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new flattened array.

Example

_.flatten([1, [2, 3, [4]]]);
// => [1, 2, 3, [4]]

`_.flattenDeep(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.flatten except that it recursively flattens array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to recursively flatten.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new flattened array.

Example

_.flattenDeep([1, [2, 3, [4]]]);
// => [1, 2, 3, 4]

`_.fromPairs(pairs)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

The inverse of _.toPairs; this method returns an object composed from key-value pairs.

Arguments

pairs (Array): The key-value pairs.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new object.

Example

_.fromPairs([['fred', 30], ['barney', 40]]);
// => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }

`_.head(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Gets the first element of array.

Aliases

_.first

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.

Returns

(*): Returns the first element of array.

Example

_.head([1, 2, 3]);
// => 1

_.head([]);
// => undefined

`_.indexOf(array, value, [fromIndex=0])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Gets the index at which the first occurrence of value is found in array using SameValueZero for equality comparisons. If fromIndex is negative, it's used as the offset from the end of array. If array is sorted providing true for fromIndex performs a faster binary search.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to search.
value (*): The value to search for.
[fromIndex=0] (number): The index to search from.

Returns

(number): Returns the index of the matched value, else -1.

Example

_.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
// => 1

// using `fromIndex`
_.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
// => 3

`_.initial(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Gets all but the last element of array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.

Returns

(Array): Returns the slice of array.

Example

_.initial([1, 2, 3]);
// => [1, 2]

`_.intersection([arrays])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of unique values that are included in all of the provided arrays using SameValueZero for equality comparisons.

Arguments

[arrays] (...Array): The arrays to inspect.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of shared values.

Example

_.intersection([2, 1], [4, 2], [1, 2]);
// => [2]

`_.intersectionBy([arrays], [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.intersection except that it accepts iteratee which is invoked for each element of each arrays to generate the criterion by which uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

[arrays] (...Array): The arrays to inspect.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee invoked per element.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of shared values.

Example

_.intersectionBy([2.1, 1.2], [4.3, 2.4], Math.floor);
// => [2.1]

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.intersectionBy([{ 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
// => [{ 'x': 1 }]

`_.intersectionWith([arrays], [comparator])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.intersection except that it accepts comparator which is invoked to compare elements of arrays. The comparator is invoked with two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).

Arguments

[arrays] (...Array): The arrays to inspect.
[comparator] (Function): The comparator invoked per element.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of shared values.

Example

var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }];
var others = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }];

_.intersectionWith(objects, others, _.isEqual);
// => [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }]

`_.join(array, [separator=','])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts all elements in array into a string separated by separator.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to convert.
[separator=','] (string): The element separator.

Returns

(string): Returns the joined string.

Example

_.join(['a', 'b', 'c'], '~');
// => 'a~b~c'

`_.last(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Gets the last element of array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.

Returns

(*): Returns the last element of array.

Example

_.last([1, 2, 3]);
// => 3

`_.lastIndexOf(array, value, [fromIndex=array.length-1])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.indexOf except that it iterates over elements of array from right to left.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to search.
value (*): The value to search for.
[fromIndex=array.length-1] (number): The index to search from.

Returns

(number): Returns the index of the matched value, else -1.

Example

_.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
// => 3

// using `fromIndex`
_.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
// => 1

`_.pull(array, [values])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Removes all provided values from array using SameValueZero for equality comparisons.

Note: Unlike _.without, this method mutates array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to modify.
[values] (...*): The values to remove.

Returns

(Array): Returns array.

Example

var array = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3];

_.pull(array, 2, 3);
console.log(array);
// => [1, 1]

`_.pullAll(array, values)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.pull except that it accepts an array of values to remove.

Note: Unlike _.difference, this method mutates array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to modify.
values (Array): The values to remove.

Returns

(Array): Returns array.

Example

var array = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3];

_.pullAll(array, [2, 3]);
console.log(array);
// => [1, 1]

`_.pullAllBy(array, values, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.pullAll except that it accepts iteratee which is invoked for each element of array and values to to generate the criterion by which uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Note: Unlike _.differenceBy, this method mutates array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to modify.
values (Array): The values to remove.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee invoked per element.

Returns

(Array): Returns array.

Example

var array = [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 3 }, { 'x': 1 }];

_.pullAllBy(array, [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 3 }], 'x');
console.log(array);
// => [{ 'x': 2 }]

`_.pullAt(array, [indexes])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Removes elements from array corresponding to indexes and returns an array of removed elements.

Note: Unlike _.at, this method mutates array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to modify.
[indexes] (...(number|number[]): The indexes of elements to remove, specified individually or in arrays.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of removed elements.

Example

var array = [5, 10, 15, 20];
var evens = _.pullAt(array, 1, 3);

console.log(array);
// => [5, 15]

console.log(evens);
// => [10, 20]

`_.remove(array, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Removes all elements from array that predicate returns truthy for and returns an array of the removed elements. The predicate is invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).

Note: Unlike _.filter, this method mutates array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to modify.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of removed elements.

Example

var array = [1, 2, 3, 4];
var evens = _.remove(array, function(n) {
  return n % 2 == 0;
});

console.log(array);
// => [1, 3]

console.log(evens);
// => [2, 4]

`_.reverse()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Reverses array so that the first element becomes the last, the second element becomes the second to last, and so on.

Note: This method mutates array and is based on Array#reverse.

Returns

(Array): Returns array.

Example

var array = [1, 2, 3];

_.reverse(array);
// => [3, 2, 1]

console.log(array);
// => [3, 2, 1]

`_.slice(array, [start=0], [end=array.length])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a slice of array from start up to, but not including, end.

Note: This method is used instead of Array#slice to ensure dense arrays are returned.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to slice.
[start=0] (number): The start position.
[end=array.length] (number): The end position.

Returns

(Array): Returns the slice of array.

`_.sortedIndex(array, value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Uses a binary search to determine the lowest index at which value should be inserted into array in order to maintain its sort order.

Arguments

array (Array): The sorted array to inspect.
value (*): The value to evaluate.

Returns

(number): Returns the index at which value should be inserted into array.

Example

_.sortedIndex([30, 50], 40);
// => 1

_.sortedIndex([4, 5], 4);
// => 0

`_.sortedIndexBy(array, value, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.sortedIndex except that it accepts iteratee which is invoked for value and each element of array to compute their sort ranking. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

array (Array): The sorted array to inspect.
value (*): The value to evaluate.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee invoked per element.

Returns

(number): Returns the index at which value should be inserted into array.

Example

var dict = { 'thirty': 30, 'forty': 40, 'fifty': 50 };

_.sortedIndexBy(['thirty', 'fifty'], 'forty', _.propertyOf(dict));
// => 1

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.sortedIndexBy([{ 'x': 4 }, { 'x': 5 }], { 'x': 4 }, 'x');
// => 0

`_.sortedIndexOf(array, value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.indexOf except that it performs a binary search on a sorted array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to search.
value (*): The value to search for.

Returns

(number): Returns the index of the matched value, else -1.

Example

_.sortedIndexOf([1, 1, 2, 2], 2);
// => 2

`_.sortedLastIndex(array, value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.sortedIndex except that it returns the highest index at which value should be inserted into array in order to maintain its sort order.

Arguments

array (Array): The sorted array to inspect.
value (*): The value to evaluate.

Returns

(number): Returns the index at which value should be inserted into array.

Example

_.sortedLastIndex([4, 5], 4);
// => 1

`_.sortedLastIndexBy(array, value, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.sortedLastIndex except that it accepts iteratee which is invoked for value and each element of array to compute their sort ranking. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

array (Array): The sorted array to inspect.
value (*): The value to evaluate.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee invoked per element.

Returns

(number): Returns the index at which value should be inserted into array.

Example

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.sortedLastIndexBy([{ 'x': 4 }, { 'x': 5 }], { 'x': 4 }, 'x');
// => 1

`_.sortedLastIndexOf(array, value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.lastIndexOf except that it performs a binary search on a sorted array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to search.
value (*): The value to search for.

Returns

(number): Returns the index of the matched value, else -1.

Example

_.sortedLastIndexOf([1, 1, 2, 2], 2);
// => 3

`_.sortedUniq(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.uniq except that it's designed and optimized for sorted arrays.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to inspect.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new duplicate free array.

Example

_.sortedUniq([1, 1, 2]);
// => [1, 2]

`_.sortedUniqBy(array, [iteratee])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.uniqBy except that it's designed and optimized for sorted arrays.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to inspect.
[iteratee] (Function): The iteratee invoked per element.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new duplicate free array.

Example

_.sortedUniqBy([1.1, 1.2, 2.3, 2.4], Math.floor);
// => [1.1, 2.2]

`_.tail(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Gets all but the first element of array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.

Returns

(Array): Returns the slice of array.

Example

_.tail([1, 2, 3]);
// => [2, 3]

`_.take(array, [n=1])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a slice of array with n elements taken from the beginning.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.
[n=1] (number): The number of elements to take.

Returns

(Array): Returns the slice of array.

Example

_.take([1, 2, 3]);
// => [1]

_.take([1, 2, 3], 2);
// => [1, 2]

_.take([1, 2, 3], 5);
// => [1, 2, 3]

_.take([1, 2, 3], 0);
// => []

`_.takeRight(array, [n=1])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a slice of array with n elements taken from the end.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.
[n=1] (number): The number of elements to take.

Returns

(Array): Returns the slice of array.

Example

_.takeRight([1, 2, 3]);
// => [3]

_.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
// => [2, 3]

_.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
// => [1, 2, 3]

_.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
// => []

`_.takeRightWhile(array, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a slice of array with elements taken from the end. Elements are taken until predicate returns falsey. The predicate is invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array): Returns the slice of array.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
];

_.takeRightWhile(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
// => objects for ['fred', 'pebbles']

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.takeRightWhile(users, { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false });
// => objects for ['pebbles']

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.takeRightWhile(users, ['active', false]);
// => objects for ['fred', 'pebbles']

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.takeRightWhile(users, 'active');
// => []

`_.takeWhile(array, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a slice of array with elements taken from the beginning. Elements are taken until predicate returns falsey. The predicate is invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to query.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array): Returns the slice of array.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false},
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
];

_.takeWhile(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
// => objects for ['barney', 'fred']

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.takeWhile(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
// => objects for ['barney']

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.takeWhile(users, ['active', false]);
// => objects for ['barney', 'fred']

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.takeWhile(users, 'active');
// => []

`_.union([arrays])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of unique values, in order, from all of the provided arrays using SameValueZero for equality comparisons.

Arguments

[arrays] (...Array): The arrays to inspect.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of combined values.

Example

_.union([2, 1], [4, 2], [1, 2]);
// => [2, 1, 4]

`_.unionBy([arrays], [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.union except that it accepts iteratee which is invoked for each element of each arrays to generate the criterion by which uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

[arrays] (...Array): The arrays to inspect.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee invoked per element.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of combined values.

Example

_.unionBy([2.1, 1.2], [4.3, 2.4], Math.floor);
// => [2.1, 1.2, 4.3]

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.unionBy([{ 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
// => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]

`_.unionWith([arrays], [comparator])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.union except that it accepts comparator which is invoked to compare elements of arrays. The comparator is invoked with two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).

Arguments

[arrays] (...Array): The arrays to inspect.
[comparator] (Function): The comparator invoked per element.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of combined values.

Example

var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }];
var others = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }];

_.unionWith(objects, others, _.isEqual);
// => [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }]

`_.uniq(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a duplicate-free version of an array, using SameValueZero for equality comparisons, in which only the first occurrence of each element is kept.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to inspect.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new duplicate free array.

Example

_.uniq([2, 1, 2]);
// => [2, 1]

`_.uniqBy(array, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.uniq except that it accepts iteratee which is invoked for each element in array to generate the criterion by which uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to inspect.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee invoked per element.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new duplicate free array.

Example

_.uniqBy([2.1, 1.2, 2.3], Math.floor);
// => [2.1, 1.2]

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.uniqBy([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
// => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]

`_.uniqWith(array, [comparator])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.uniq except that it accepts comparator which is invoked to compare elements of array. The comparator is invoked with two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to inspect.
[comparator] (Function): The comparator invoked per element.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new duplicate free array.

Example

var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 },  { 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }];

_.uniqWith(objects, _.isEqual);
// => [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }]

`_.unzip(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.zip except that it accepts an array of grouped elements and creates an array regrouping the elements to their pre-zip configuration.

Arguments

array (Array): The array of grouped elements to process.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of regrouped elements.

Example

var zipped = _.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
// => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]

_.unzip(zipped);
// => [['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]]

`_.unzipWith(array, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.unzip except that it accepts iteratee to specify how regrouped values should be combined. The iteratee is invoked with the elements of each group: (...group).

Arguments

array (Array): The array of grouped elements to process.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function): The function to combine regrouped values.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of regrouped elements.

Example

var zipped = _.zip([1, 2], [10, 20], [100, 200]);
// => [[1, 10, 100], [2, 20, 200]]

_.unzipWith(zipped, _.add);
// => [3, 30, 300]

`_.without(array, [values])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array excluding all provided values using SameValueZero for equality comparisons.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to filter.
[values] (...*): The values to exclude.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of filtered values.

Example

_.without([1, 2, 1, 3], 1, 2);
// => [3]

`_.xor([arrays])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of unique values that is the symmetric difference of the provided arrays.

Arguments

[arrays] (...Array): The arrays to inspect.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of values.

Example

_.xor([2, 1], [4, 2]);
// => [1, 4]

`_.xorBy([arrays], [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.xor except that it accepts iteratee which is invoked for each element of each arrays to generate the criterion by which uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

[arrays] (...Array): The arrays to inspect.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee invoked per element.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of values.

Example

_.xorBy([2.1, 1.2], [4.3, 2.4], Math.floor);
// => [1.2, 4.3]

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.xorBy([{ 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
// => [{ 'x': 2 }]

`_.xorWith([arrays], [comparator])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.xor except that it accepts comparator which is invoked to compare elements of arrays. The comparator is invoked with two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).

Arguments

[arrays] (...Array): The arrays to inspect.
[comparator] (Function): The comparator invoked per element.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of values.

Example

var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }];
var others = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }];

_.xorWith(objects, others, _.isEqual);
// => [{ 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }]

`_.zip([arrays])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of grouped elements, the first of which contains the first elements of the given arrays, the second of which contains the second elements of the given arrays, and so on.

Arguments

[arrays] (...Array): The arrays to process.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of grouped elements.

Example

_.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
// => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]

`_.zipObject([props=[]], [values=[]])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.fromPairs except that it accepts two arrays, one of property names and one of corresponding values.

Arguments

[props=[]] (Array): The property names.
[values=[]] (Array): The property values.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new object.

Example

_.zipObject(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40]);
// => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }

`_.zipWith([arrays], [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.zip except that it accepts iteratee to specify how grouped values should be combined. The iteratee is invoked with the elements of each group: (...group).

Arguments

[arrays] (...Array): The arrays to process.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function): The function to combine grouped values.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of grouped elements.

Example

_.zipWith([1, 2], [10, 20], [100, 200], function(a, b, c) {
  return a + b + c;
});
// => [111, 222]

`“Collection” Methods`

`_.countBy(collection, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running each element of collection through iteratee. The corresponding value of each key is the number of times the key was returned by iteratee. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee to transform keys.

Returns

(Object): Returns the composed aggregate object.

Example

_.countBy([6.1, 4.2, 6.3], Math.floor);
// => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }

_.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
// => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }

`_.every(collection, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if predicate returns truthy for all elements of collection. Iteration is stopped once predicate returns falsey. The predicate is invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if all elements pass the predicate check, else false.

Example

_.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
// => false

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false },
  { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
];

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.every(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
// => false

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.every(users, ['active', false]);
// => true

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.every(users, 'active');
// => false

`_.filter(collection, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Iterates over elements of collection, returning an array of all elements predicate returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with three arguments:
(value, index|key, collection).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new filtered array.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
  { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
];

_.filter(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
// => objects for ['fred']

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.filter(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true });
// => objects for ['barney']

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.filter(users, ['active', false]);
// => objects for ['fred']

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.filter(users, 'active');
// => objects for ['barney']

`_.find(collection, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Iterates over elements of collection, returning the first element predicate returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with three arguments:
(value, index|key, collection).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to search.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(*): Returns the matched element, else undefined.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }
];

_.find(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; });
// => object for 'barney'

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.find(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true });
// => object for 'pebbles'

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.find(users, ['active', false]);
// => object for 'fred'

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.find(users, 'active');
// => object for 'barney'

`_.findLast(collection, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.find except that it iterates over elements of collection from right to left.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to search.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(*): Returns the matched element, else undefined.

Example

_.findLast([1, 2, 3, 4], function(n) {
  return n % 2 == 1;
});
// => 3

`_.forEach(collection, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Iterates over elements of collection invoking iteratee for each element. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection). Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning false.

Note: As with other "Collections" methods, objects with a "length" property are iterated like arrays. To avoid this behavior use _.forIn or _.forOwn for object iteration.

Aliases

_.each

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array|Object): Returns collection.

Example

_([1, 2]).forEach(function(value) {
  console.log(value);
});
// => logs `1` then `2`

_.forEach({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(value, key) {
  console.log(key);
});
// => logs 'a' then 'b' (iteration order is not guaranteed)

`_.forEachRight(collection, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.forEach except that it iterates over elements of collection from right to left.

Aliases

_.eachRight

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array|Object): Returns collection.

Example

_.forEachRight([1, 2], function(value) {
  console.log(value);
});
// => logs `2` then `1`

`_.groupBy(collection, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running each element of collection through iteratee. The corresponding value of each key is an array of elements responsible for generating the key. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee to transform keys.

Returns

(Object): Returns the composed aggregate object.

Example

_.groupBy([6.1, 4.2, 6.3], Math.floor);
// => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.3] }

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
// => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }

`_.includes(collection, value, [fromIndex=0])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is in collection. If collection is a string it's checked for a substring of value, otherwise SameValueZero is used for equality comparisons. If fromIndex is negative, it's used as the offset from the end of collection.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object|string): The collection to search.
value (*): The value to search for.
[fromIndex=0] (number): The index to search from.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is found, else false.

Example

_.includes([1, 2, 3], 1);
// => true

_.includes([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
// => false

_.includes({ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, 'fred');
// => true

_.includes('pebbles', 'eb');
// => true

`_.invokeMap(collection, path, [args])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Invokes the method at path of each element in collection, returning an array of the results of each invoked method. Any additional arguments are provided to each invoked method. If methodName is a function it's invoked for, and this bound to, each element in collection.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
path (Array|Function|string): The path of the method to invoke or the function invoked per iteration.
[args] (...*): The arguments to invoke each method with.

Returns

(Array): Returns the array of results.

Example

_.invokeMap([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
// => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]

_.invokeMap([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
// => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]

`_.keyBy(collection, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running each element of collection through iteratee. The corresponding value of each key is the last element responsible for generating the key. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee to transform keys.

Returns

(Object): Returns the composed aggregate object.

Example

var keyData = [
  { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 },
  { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 }
];

_.keyBy(keyData, function(o) {
  return String.fromCharCode(o.code);
});
// => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }

_.keyBy(keyData, 'dir');
// => { 'left': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'right': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }

`_.map(collection, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of values by running each element in collection through iteratee. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:
(value, index|key, collection).

Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like _.every, _.filter, _.map, _.mapValues, _.reject, and _.some.

The guarded methods are:
ary, curry, curryRight, drop, dropRight, every, fill, invert, parseInt, random, range, rangeRight, slice, some, sortBy, take, takeRight, template, trim, trimEnd, trimStart, and words

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new mapped array.

Example

function square(n) {
  return n * n;
}

_.map([4, 8], square);
// => [16, 64]

_.map({ 'a': 4, 'b': 8 }, square);
// => [16, 64] (iteration order is not guaranteed)

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney' },
  { 'user': 'fred' }
];

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.map(users, 'user');
// => ['barney', 'fred']

`_.orderBy(collection, [iteratees=[_.identity]], [orders])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.sortBy except that it allows specifying the sort orders of the iteratees to sort by. If orders is unspecified, all values are sorted in ascending order. Otherwise, specify an order of "desc" for descending or "asc" for ascending sort order of corresponding values.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[iteratees=[_.identity]] (Function[]|Object[]|string[]): The iteratees to sort by.
[orders] (string[]): The sort orders of iteratees.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new sorted array.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },
  { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 },
  { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 42 },
  { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
];

// sort by `user` in ascending order and by `age` in descending order
_.orderBy(users, ['user', 'age'], ['asc', 'desc']);
// => objects for [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 42]]

`_.partition(collection, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of elements split into two groups, the first of which contains elements predicate returns truthy for, the second of which contains elements predicate returns falsey for. The predicate is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array): Returns the array of grouped elements.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': false },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': true },
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': false }
];

_.partition(users, function(o) { return o.active; });
// => objects for [['fred'], ['barney', 'pebbles']]

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.partition(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': false });
// => objects for [['pebbles'], ['barney', 'fred']]

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.partition(users, ['active', false]);
// => objects for [['barney', 'pebbles'], ['fred']]

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.partition(users, 'active');
// => objects for [['fred'], ['barney', 'pebbles']]

`_.reduce(collection, [iteratee=_.identity], [accumulator])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Reduces collection to a value which is the accumulated result of running each element in collection through iteratee, where each successive invocation is supplied the return value of the previous. If accumulator is not provided the first element of collection is used as the initial value. The iteratee is invoked with four arguments:
(accumulator, value, index|key, collection).

Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like _.reduce, _.reduceRight, and _.transform.

The guarded methods are:
assign, defaults, defaultsDeep, includes, merge, orderBy, and sortBy

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function): The function invoked per iteration.
[accumulator] (*): The initial value.

Returns

(*): Returns the accumulated value.

Example

_.reduce([1, 2], function(sum, n) {
  return sum + n;
});
// => 3

_.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 }, function(result, value, key) {
  (result[value] || (result[value] = [])).push(key);
  return result;
}, {});
// => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] } (iteration order is not guaranteed)

`_.reduceRight(collection, [iteratee=_.identity], [accumulator])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.reduce except that it iterates over elements of collection from right to left.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function): The function invoked per iteration.
[accumulator] (*): The initial value.

Returns

(*): Returns the accumulated value.

Example

var array = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];

_.reduceRight(array, function(flattened, other) {
  return flattened.concat(other);
}, []);
// => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]

`_.reject(collection, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

The opposite of _.filter; this method returns the elements of collection that predicate does not return truthy for.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new filtered array.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false },
  { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': true }
];

_.reject(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
// => objects for ['fred']

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.reject(users, { 'age': 40, 'active': true });
// => objects for ['barney']

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.reject(users, ['active', false]);
// => objects for ['fred']

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.reject(users, 'active');
// => objects for ['barney']

`_.sample(collection)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Gets a random element from collection.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to sample.

Returns

(*): Returns the random element.

Example

_.sample([1, 2, 3, 4]);
// => 2

`_.sampleSize(collection, [n=0])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Gets n random elements at unique keys from collection up to the size of collection.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to sample.
[n=0] (number): The number of elements to sample.

Returns

(Array): Returns the random elements.

Example

_.sampleSize([1, 2, 3], 2);
// => [3, 1]

_.sampleSize([1, 2, 3], 4);
// => [2, 3, 1]

`_.shuffle(collection)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of shuffled values, using a version of the Fisher-Yates shuffle.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to shuffle.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new shuffled array.

Example

_.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4]);
// => [4, 1, 3, 2]

`_.size(collection)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Gets the size of collection by returning its length for array-like values or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to inspect.

Returns

(number): Returns the collection size.

Example

_.size([1, 2, 3]);
// => 3

_.size({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 });
// => 2

_.size('pebbles');
// => 7

`_.some(collection, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if predicate returns truthy for any element of collection. Iteration is stopped once predicate returns truthy. The predicate is invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if any element passes the predicate check, else false.

Example

_.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
// => true

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true },
  { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
];

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.some(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
// => false

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.some(users, ['active', false]);
// => true

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.some(users, 'active');
// => true

`_.sortBy(collection, [iteratees=[_.identity]])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of running each element in a collection through each iteratee. This method performs a stable sort, that is, it preserves the original sort order of equal elements. The iteratees are invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

collection (Array|Object): The collection to iterate over.
[iteratees=[_.identity]] (...(Function|Function[]|Object|Object[]|string|string[]): The iteratees to sort by, specified individually or in arrays.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new sorted array.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },
  { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
  { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 42 },
  { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 }
];

_.sortBy(users, function(o) { return o.user; });
// => objects for [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 42]]

_.sortBy(users, ['user', 'age']);
// => objects for [['barney', 34], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 42], ['fred', 48]]

_.sortBy(users, 'user', function(o) {
  return Math.floor(o.age / 10);
});
// => objects for [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 42]]

`“Date” Methods`

`_.now()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Gets the timestamp of the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since the Unix epoch (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).

Returns

(number): Returns the timestamp.

Example

_.defer(function(stamp) {
  console.log(_.now() - stamp);
}, _.now());
// => logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred function to be invoked

`“Function” Methods`

`_.after(n, func)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

The opposite of _.before; this method creates a function that invokes func once it's called n or more times.

Arguments

n (number): The number of calls before func is invoked.
func (Function): The function to restrict.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new restricted function.

Example

var saves = ['profile', 'settings'];

var done = _.after(saves.length, function() {
  console.log('done saving!');
});

_.forEach(saves, function(type) {
  asyncSave({ 'type': type, 'complete': done });
});
// => logs 'done saving!' after the two async saves have completed

`_.ary(func, [n=func.length])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that accepts up to n arguments, ignoring any additional arguments.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to cap arguments for.
[n=func.length] (number): The arity cap.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

_.map(['6', '8', '10'], _.ary(parseInt, 1));
// => [6, 8, 10]

`_.before(n, func)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes func, with the this binding and arguments of the created function, while it's called less than n times. Subsequent calls to the created function return the result of the last func invocation.

Arguments

n (number): The number of calls at which func is no longer invoked.
func (Function): The function to restrict.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new restricted function.

Example

jQuery(element).on('click', _.before(5, addContactToList));
// => allows adding up to 4 contacts to the list

`_.bind(func, thisArg, [partials])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes func with the this binding of thisArg and prepends any additional _.bind arguments to those provided to the bound function.

The _.bind.placeholder value, which defaults to _ in monolithic builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.

Note: Unlike native Function#bind this method doesn't set the "length" property of bound functions.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to bind.
thisArg (*): The this binding of func.
[partials] (...*): The arguments to be partially applied.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new bound function.

Example

var greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
  return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
};

var object = { 'user': 'fred' };

var bound = _.bind(greet, object, 'hi');
bound('!');
// => 'hi fred!'

// using placeholders
var bound = _.bind(greet, object, _, '!');
bound('hi');
// => 'hi fred!'

`_.bindKey(object, key, [partials])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes the method at object[key] and prepends any additional _.bindKey arguments to those provided to the bound function.

This method differs from _.bind by allowing bound functions to reference methods that may be redefined or don't yet exist. See Peter Michaux's article for more details.

The _.bindKey.placeholder value, which defaults to _ in monolithic builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to invoke the method on.
key (string): The key of the method.
[partials] (...*): The arguments to be partially applied.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new bound function.

Example

var object = {
  'user': 'fred',
  'greet': function(greeting, punctuation) {
    return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
  }
};

var bound = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', 'hi');
bound('!');
// => 'hi fred!'

object.greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
  return greeting + 'ya ' + this.user + punctuation;
};

bound('!');
// => 'hiya fred!'

// using placeholders
var bound = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', _, '!');
bound('hi');
// => 'hiya fred!'

`_.curry(func, [arity=func.length])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that accepts arguments of func and either invokes func returning its result, if at least arity number of arguments have been provided, or returns a function that accepts the remaining func arguments, and so on. The arity of func may be specified if func.length is not sufficient.

The _.curry.placeholder value, which defaults to _ in monolithic builds, may be used as a placeholder for provided arguments.

Note: This method doesn't set the "length" property of curried functions.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to curry.
[arity=func.length] (number): The arity of func.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new curried function.

Example

var abc = function(a, b, c) {
  return [a, b, c];
};

var curried = _.curry(abc);

curried(1)(2)(3);
// => [1, 2, 3]

curried(1, 2)(3);
// => [1, 2, 3]

curried(1, 2, 3);
// => [1, 2, 3]

// using placeholders
curried(1)(_, 3)(2);
// => [1, 2, 3]

`_.curryRight(func, [arity=func.length])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.curry except that arguments are applied to func in the manner of _.partialRight instead of _.partial.

The _.curryRight.placeholder value, which defaults to _ in monolithic builds, may be used as a placeholder for provided arguments.

Note: This method doesn't set the "length" property of curried functions.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to curry.
[arity=func.length] (number): The arity of func.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new curried function.

Example

var abc = function(a, b, c) {
  return [a, b, c];
};

var curried = _.curryRight(abc);

curried(3)(2)(1);
// => [1, 2, 3]

curried(2, 3)(1);
// => [1, 2, 3]

curried(1, 2, 3);
// => [1, 2, 3]

// using placeholders
curried(3)(1, _)(2);
// => [1, 2, 3]

`_.debounce(func, [wait=0], [options])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a debounced function that delays invoking func until after wait milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was invoked. The debounced function comes with a cancel method to cancel delayed func invocations and a flush method to immediately invoke them. Provide an options object to indicate whether func should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the wait timeout. The func is invoked with the last arguments provided to the debounced function. Subsequent calls to the debounced function return the result of the last func invocation.

Note: If leading and trailing options are true, func is invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the debounced function is invoked more than once during the wait timeout.

See David Corbacho's article for details over the differences between _.debounce and _.throttle.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to debounce.
[wait=0] (number): The number of milliseconds to delay.
[options] (Object): The options object.
[options.leading=false] (boolean): Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.
[options.maxWait] (number): The maximum time func is allowed to be delayed before it's invoked.
[options.trailing=true] (boolean): Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new debounced function.

Example

// avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux
jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150));

// invoke `sendMail` when clicked, debouncing subsequent calls
jQuery(element).on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
  'leading': true,
  'trailing': false
}));

// ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls
var debounced = _.debounce(batchLog, 250, { 'maxWait': 1000 });
var source = new EventSource('/stream');
jQuery(source).on('message', debounced);

// cancel a trailing debounced invocation
jQuery(window).on('popstate', debounced.cancel);

`_.defer(func, [args])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Defers invoking the func until the current call stack has cleared. Any additional arguments are provided to func when it's invoked.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to defer.
[args] (...*): The arguments to invoke func with.

Returns

(number): Returns the timer id.

Example

_.defer(function(text) {
  console.log(text);
}, 'deferred');
// logs 'deferred' after one or more milliseconds

`_.delay(func, wait, [args])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Invokes func after wait milliseconds. Any additional arguments are provided to func when it's invoked.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to delay.
wait (number): The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
[args] (...*): The arguments to invoke func with.

Returns

(number): Returns the timer id.

Example

_.delay(function(text) {
  console.log(text);
}, 1000, 'later');
// => logs 'later' after one second

`_.flip(func)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes func with arguments reversed.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to flip arguments for.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var flipped = _.flip(function() {
  return _.toArray(arguments);
});

flipped('a', 'b', 'c', 'd');
// => ['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']

`_.memoize(func, [resolver])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that memoizes the result of func. If resolver is provided it determines the cache key for storing the result based on the arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the first argument provided to the memoized function is used as the map cache key. The func is invoked with the this binding of the memoized function.

Note: The cache is exposed as the cache property on the memoized function. Its creation may be customized by replacing the _.memoize.Cache constructor with one whose instances implement the Map method interface of delete, get, has, and set.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to have its output memoized.
[resolver] (Function): The function to resolve the cache key.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new memoizing function.

Example

var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 };
var other = { 'c': 3, 'd': 4 };

var values = _.memoize(_.values);
values(object);
// => [1, 2]

values(other);
// => [3, 4]

object.a = 2;
values(object);
// => [1, 2]

// modifying the result cache
values.cache.set(object, ['a', 'b']);
values(object);
// => ['a', 'b']

// replacing `_.memoize.Cache`
_.memoize.Cache = WeakMap;

`_.negate(predicate)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that negates the result of the predicate func. The func predicate is invoked with the this binding and arguments of the created function.

Arguments

predicate (Function): The predicate to negate.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

function isEven(n) {
  return n % 2 == 0;
}

_.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], _.negate(isEven));
// => [1, 3, 5]

`_.once(func)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that is restricted to invoking func once. Repeat calls to the function return the value of the first invocation. The func is invoked with the this binding and arguments of the created function.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to restrict.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new restricted function.

Example

var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
initialize();
initialize();
// `initialize` invokes `createApplication` once

`_.overArgs(func, [transforms])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes func with arguments transformed by corresponding transforms.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to wrap.
[transforms] (...(Function|Function[]): The functions to transform arguments, specified individually or in arrays.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

function doubled(n) {
  return n * 2;
}

function square(n) {
  return n * n;
}

var func = _.overArgs(function(x, y) {
  return [x, y];
}, square, doubled);

func(9, 3);
// => [81, 6]

func(10, 5);
// => [100, 10]

`_.partial(func, [partials])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes func with partial arguments prepended to those provided to the new function. This method is like _.bind except it does not alter the this binding.

The _.partial.placeholder value, which defaults to _ in monolithic builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.

Note: This method doesn't set the "length" property of partially applied functions.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to partially apply arguments to.
[partials] (...*): The arguments to be partially applied.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new partially applied function.

Example

var greet = function(greeting, name) {
  return greeting + ' ' + name;
};

var sayHelloTo = _.partial(greet, 'hello');
sayHelloTo('fred');
// => 'hello fred'

// using placeholders
var greetFred = _.partial(greet, _, 'fred');
greetFred('hi');
// => 'hi fred'

`_.partialRight(func, [partials])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.partial except that partially applied arguments are appended to those provided to the new function.

The _.partialRight.placeholder value, which defaults to _ in monolithic builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.

Note: This method doesn't set the "length" property of partially applied functions.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to partially apply arguments to.
[partials] (...*): The arguments to be partially applied.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new partially applied function.

Example

var greet = function(greeting, name) {
  return greeting + ' ' + name;
};

var greetFred = _.partialRight(greet, 'fred');
greetFred('hi');
// => 'hi fred'

// using placeholders
var sayHelloTo = _.partialRight(greet, 'hello', _);
sayHelloTo('fred');
// => 'hello fred'

`_.rearg(func, indexes)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes func with arguments arranged according to the specified indexes where the argument value at the first index is provided as the first argument, the argument value at the second index is provided as the second argument, and so on.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to rearrange arguments for.
indexes (...(number|number[]): The arranged argument indexes, specified individually or in arrays.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var rearged = _.rearg(function(a, b, c) {
  return [a, b, c];
}, 2, 0, 1);

rearged('b', 'c', 'a')
// => ['a', 'b', 'c']

`_.rest(func, [start=func.length-1])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes func with the this binding of the created function and arguments from start and beyond provided as an array.

Note: This method is based on the rest parameter.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to apply a rest parameter to.
[start=func.length-1] (number): The start position of the rest parameter.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var say = _.rest(function(what, names) {
  return what + ' ' + _.initial(names).join(', ') +
    (_.size(names) > 1 ? ', & ' : '') + _.last(names);
});

say('hello', 'fred', 'barney', 'pebbles');
// => 'hello fred, barney, & pebbles'

`_.spread(func)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes func with the this binding of the created function and an array of arguments much like Function#apply.

Note: This method is based on the spread operator.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to spread arguments over.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var say = _.spread(function(who, what) {
  return who + ' says ' + what;
});

say(['fred', 'hello']);
// => 'fred says hello'

// with a Promise
var numbers = Promise.all([
  Promise.resolve(40),
  Promise.resolve(36)
]);

numbers.then(_.spread(function(x, y) {
  return x + y;
}));
// => a Promise of 76

`_.throttle(func, [wait=0], [options])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a throttled function that only invokes func at most once per every wait milliseconds. The throttled function comes with a cancel method to cancel delayed func invocations and a flush method to immediately invoke them. Provide an options object to indicate whether func should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the wait timeout. The func is invoked with the last arguments provided to the throttled function. Subsequent calls to the throttled function return the result of the last func invocation.

Note: If leading and trailing options are true, func is invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the throttled function is invoked more than once during the wait timeout.

See David Corbacho's article for details over the differences between _.throttle and _.debounce.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to throttle.
[wait=0] (number): The number of milliseconds to throttle invocations to.
[options] (Object): The options object.
[options.leading=true] (boolean): Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.
[options.trailing=true] (boolean): Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new throttled function.

Example

// avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling
jQuery(window).on('scroll', _.throttle(updatePosition, 100));

// invoke `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes
var throttled = _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, { 'trailing': false });
jQuery(element).on('click', throttled);

// cancel a trailing throttled invocation
jQuery(window).on('popstate', throttled.cancel);

`_.unary(func)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that accepts up to one argument, ignoring any additional arguments.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to cap arguments for.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

_.map(['6', '8', '10'], _.unary(parseInt));
// => [6, 8, 10]

`_.wrap(value, wrapper)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that provides value to the wrapper function as its first argument. Any additional arguments provided to the function are appended to those provided to the wrapper function. The wrapper is invoked with the this binding of the created function.

Arguments

value (*): The value to wrap.
wrapper (Function): The wrapper function.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var p = _.wrap(_.escape, function(func, text) {
  return '<p>' + func(text) + '</p>';
});

p('fred, barney, & pebbles');
// => '<p>fred, barney, &amp; pebbles</p>'

`“Lang” Methods`

`_.clone(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a shallow clone of value.

Note: This method is loosely based on the structured clone algorithm and supports cloning arrays, array buffers, booleans, date objects, maps, numbers, Object objects, regexes, sets, strings, symbols, and typed arrays. The own enumerable properties of arguments objects are cloned as plain objects. An empty object is returned for uncloneable values such as error objects, functions, DOM nodes, and WeakMaps.

Arguments

value (*): The value to clone.

Returns

(*): Returns the cloned value.

Example

var objects = [{ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }];

var shallow = _.clone(objects);
console.log(shallow[0] === objects[0]);
// => true

`_.cloneDeep(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.clone except that it recursively clones value.

Arguments

value (*): The value to recursively clone.

Returns

(*): Returns the deep cloned value.

Example

var objects = [{ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }];

var deep = _.cloneDeep(objects);
console.log(deep[0] === objects[0]);
// => false

`_.cloneDeepWith(value, [customizer])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.cloneWith except that it recursively clones value.

Arguments

value (*): The value to recursively clone.
[customizer] (Function): The function to customize cloning.

Returns

(*): Returns the deep cloned value.

Example

function customizer(value) {
  if (_.isElement(value)) {
    return value.cloneNode(true);
  }
}

var el = _.cloneDeepWith(document.body, customizer);

console.log(el === document.body);
// => false
console.log(el.nodeName);
// => 'BODY'
console.log(el.childNodes.length);
// => 20

`_.cloneWith(value, [customizer])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.clone except that it accepts customizer which is invoked to produce the cloned value. If customizer returns undefined cloning is handled by the method instead. The customizer is invoked with up to four arguments; (value [, index|key, object, stack]).

Arguments

value (*): The value to clone.
[customizer] (Function): The function to customize cloning.

Returns

(*): Returns the cloned value.

Example

function customizer(value) {
  if (_.isElement(value)) {
    return value.cloneNode(false);
  }
}

var el = _.cloneWith(document.body, customizer);

console.log(el === document.body);
// => false
console.log(el.nodeName);
// => 'BODY'
console.log(el.childNodes.length);
// => 0

`_.eq(value, other)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Performs a SameValueZero comparison between two values to determine if they are equivalent.

Arguments

value (*): The value to compare.
other (*): The other value to compare.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if the values are equivalent, else false.

Example

var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
var other = { 'user': 'fred' };

_.eq(object, object);
// => true

_.eq(object, other);
// => false

_.eq('a', 'a');
// => true

_.eq('a', Object('a'));
// => false

_.eq(NaN, NaN);
// => true

`_.gt(value, other)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is greater than other.

Arguments

value (*): The value to compare.
other (*): The other value to compare.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is greater than other, else false.

Example

_.gt(3, 1);
// => true

_.gt(3, 3);
// => false

_.gt(1, 3);
// => false

`_.gte(value, other)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is greater than or equal to other.

Arguments

value (*): The value to compare.
other (*): The other value to compare.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is greater than or equal to other, else false.

Example

_.gte(3, 1);
// => true

_.gte(3, 3);
// => true

_.gte(1, 3);
// => false

`_.isArguments(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is likely an arguments object.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is correctly classified, else false.

Example

_.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());
// => true

_.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
// => false

`_.isArray(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is classified as an Array object.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is correctly classified, else false.

Example

_.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
// => true

_.isArray(document.body.children);
// => false

_.isArray('abc');
// => false

_.isArray(_.noop);
// => false

`_.isArrayLike(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is array-like. A value is considered array-like if it's not a function and has a value.length that's an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is array-like, else false.

Example

_.isArrayLike([1, 2, 3]);
// => true

_.isArrayLike(document.body.children);
// => true

_.isArrayLike('abc');
// => true

_.isArrayLike(_.noop);
// => false

`_.isArrayLikeObject(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.isArrayLike except that it also checks if value is an object.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is an array-like object, else false.

Example

_.isArrayLikeObject([1, 2, 3]);
// => true

_.isArrayLikeObject(document.body.children);
// => true

_.isArrayLikeObject('abc');
// => false

_.isArrayLikeObject(_.noop);
// => false

`_.isBoolean(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is classified as a boolean primitive or object.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is correctly classified, else false.

Example

_.isBoolean(false);
// => true

_.isBoolean(null);
// => false

`_.isDate(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is classified as a Date object.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is correctly classified, else false.

Example

_.isDate(new Date);
// => true

_.isDate('Mon April 23 2012');
// => false

`_.isElement(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is likely a DOM element.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is a DOM element, else false.

Example

_.isElement(document.body);
// => true

_.isElement('<body>');
// => false

`_.isEmpty(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is empty. A value is considered empty unless it's an arguments object, array, string, or jQuery-like collection with a length greater than 0 or an object with own enumerable properties.

Arguments

value (Array|Object|string): The value to inspect.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is empty, else false.

Example

_.isEmpty(null);
// => true

_.isEmpty(true);
// => true

_.isEmpty(1);
// => true

_.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
// => false

_.isEmpty({ 'a': 1 });
// => false

`_.isEqual(value, other)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are equivalent.

Note: This method supports comparing arrays, array buffers, booleans, date objects, error objects, maps, numbers, Object objects, regexes, sets, strings, symbols, and typed arrays. Object objects are compared by their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. Functions and DOM nodes are not supported.

Arguments

value (*): The value to compare.
other (*): The other value to compare.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if the values are equivalent, else false.

Example

var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
var other = { 'user': 'fred' };

_.isEqual(object, other);
// => true

object === other;
// => false

`_.isEqualWith(value, other, [customizer])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.isEqual except that it accepts customizer which is invoked to compare values. If customizer returns undefined comparisons are handled by the method instead. The customizer is invoked with up to six arguments:
(objValue, othValue [, index|key, object, other, stack]).

Arguments

value (*): The value to compare.
other (*): The other value to compare.
[customizer] (Function): The function to customize comparisons.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if the values are equivalent, else false.

Example

function isGreeting(value) {
  return /^h(?:i|ello)$/.test(value);
}

function customizer(objValue, othValue) {
  if (isGreeting(objValue) && isGreeting(othValue)) {
    return true;
  }
}

var array = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
var other = ['hi', 'goodbye'];

_.isEqualWith(array, other, customizer);
// => true

`_.isError(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is an Error, EvalError, RangeError, ReferenceError, SyntaxError, TypeError, or URIError object.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is an error object, else false.

Example

_.isError(new Error);
// => true

_.isError(Error);
// => false

`_.isFinite(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is a finite primitive number.

Note: This method is based on Number.isFinite.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is a finite number, else false.

Example

_.isFinite(3);
// => true

_.isFinite(Number.MAX_VALUE);
// => true

_.isFinite(3.14);
// => true

_.isFinite(Infinity);
// => false

`_.isFunction(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is classified as a Function object.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is correctly classified, else false.

Example

_.isFunction(_);
// => true

_.isFunction(/abc/);
// => false

`_.isInteger(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is an integer.

Note: This method is based on Number.isInteger.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is an integer, else false.

Example

_.isInteger(3);
// => true

_.isInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
// => false

_.isInteger(Infinity);
// => false

_.isInteger('3');
// => false

`_.isLength(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is a valid array-like length.

Note: This function is loosely based on ToLength.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is a valid length, else false.

Example

_.isLength(3);
// => true

_.isLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);
// => false

_.isLength(Infinity);
// => false

_.isLength('3');
// => false

`_.isMatch(object, source)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Performs a deep comparison between object and source to determine if object contains equivalent property values.

Note: This method supports comparing the same values as _.isEqual.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to inspect.
source (Object): The object of property values to match.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if object is a match, else false.

Example

var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };

_.isMatch(object, { 'age': 40 });
// => true

_.isMatch(object, { 'age': 36 });
// => false

`_.isMatchWith(object, source, [customizer])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.isMatch except that it accepts customizer which is invoked to compare values. If customizer returns undefined comparisons are handled by the method instead. The customizer is invoked with five arguments: (objValue, srcValue, index|key, object, source).

Arguments

object (Object): The object to inspect.
source (Object): The object of property values to match.
[customizer] (Function): The function to customize comparisons.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if object is a match, else false.

Example

function isGreeting(value) {
  return /^h(?:i|ello)$/.test(value);
}

function customizer(objValue, srcValue) {
  if (isGreeting(objValue) && isGreeting(srcValue)) {
    return true;
  }
}

var object = { 'greeting': 'hello' };
var source = { 'greeting': 'hi' };

_.isMatchWith(object, source, customizer);
// => true

`_.isNaN(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is NaN.

Note: This method is not the same as isNaN which returns true for undefined and other non-numeric values.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is NaN, else false.

Example

_.isNaN(NaN);
// => true

_.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
// => true

isNaN(undefined);
// => true

_.isNaN(undefined);
// => false

`_.isNative(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is a native function.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is a native function, else false.

Example

_.isNative(Array.prototype.push);
// => true

_.isNative(_);
// => false

`_.isNil(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is null or undefined.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is nullish, else false.

Example

_.isNil(null);
// => true

_.isNil(void 0);
// => true

_.isNil(NaN);
// => false

`_.isNull(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is null.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is null, else false.

Example

_.isNull(null);
// => true

_.isNull(void 0);
// => false

`_.isNumber(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is classified as a Number primitive or object.

Note: To exclude Infinity, -Infinity, and NaN, which are classified as numbers, use the _.isFinite method.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is correctly classified, else false.

Example

_.isNumber(3);
// => true

_.isNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
// => true

_.isNumber(Infinity);
// => true

_.isNumber('3');
// => false

`_.isObject(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is the language type of Object. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, new Number(0), and new String(''))

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is an object, else false.

Example

_.isObject({});
// => true

_.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
// => true

_.isObject(_.noop);
// => true

_.isObject(null);
// => false

`_.isObjectLike(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not null and has a typeof result of "object".

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is object-like, else false.

Example

_.isObjectLike({});
// => true

_.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
// => true

_.isObjectLike(_.noop);
// => false

_.isObjectLike(null);
// => false

`_.isPlainObject(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is a plain object, that is, an object created by the Object constructor or one with a [[Prototype]] of null.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is a plain object, else false.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = 1;
}

_.isPlainObject(new Foo);
// => false

_.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
// => false

_.isPlainObject({ 'x': 0, 'y': 0 });
// => true

_.isPlainObject(Object.create(null));
// => true

`_.isRegExp(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is classified as a RegExp object.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is correctly classified, else false.

Example

_.isRegExp(/abc/);
// => true

_.isRegExp('/abc/');
// => false

`_.isSafeInteger(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is a safe integer. An integer is safe if it's an IEEE-754 double precision number which isn't the result of a rounded unsafe integer.

Note: This method is based on Number.isSafeInteger.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is a safe integer, else false.

Example

_.isSafeInteger(3);
// => true

_.isSafeInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
// => false

_.isSafeInteger(Infinity);
// => false

_.isSafeInteger('3');
// => false

`_.isString(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is classified as a String primitive or object.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is correctly classified, else false.

Example

_.isString('abc');
// => true

_.isString(1);
// => false

`_.isSymbol(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is classified as a Symbol primitive or object.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is correctly classified, else false.

Example

_.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator);
// => true

_.isSymbol('abc');
// => false

`_.isTypedArray(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is classified as a typed array.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is correctly classified, else false.

Example

_.isTypedArray(new Uint8Array);
// => true

_.isTypedArray([]);
// => false

`_.isUndefined(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is undefined.

Arguments

value (*): The value to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is undefined, else false.

Example

_.isUndefined(void 0);
// => true

_.isUndefined(null);
// => false

`_.lt(value, other)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is less than other.

Arguments

value (*): The value to compare.
other (*): The other value to compare.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is less than other, else false.

Example

_.lt(1, 3);
// => true

_.lt(3, 3);
// => false

_.lt(3, 1);
// => false

`_.lte(value, other)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if value is less than or equal to other.

Arguments

value (*): The value to compare.
other (*): The other value to compare.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if value is less than or equal to other, else false.

Example

_.lte(1, 3);
// => true

_.lte(3, 3);
// => true

_.lte(3, 1);
// => false

`_.toArray(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts value to an array.

Arguments

value (*): The value to convert.

Returns

(Array): Returns the converted array.

Example

_.toArray({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 });
// => [1, 2]

_.toArray('abc');
// => ['a', 'b', 'c']

_.toArray(1);
// => []

_.toArray(null);
// => []

`_.toInteger(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts value to an integer.

Note: This function is loosely based on ToInteger.

Arguments

value (*): The value to convert.

Returns

(number): Returns the converted integer.

Example

_.toInteger(3);
// => 3

_.toInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
// => 0

_.toInteger(Infinity);
// => 1.7976931348623157e+308

_.toInteger('3');
// => 3

`_.toLength(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts value to an integer suitable for use as the length of an array-like object.

Note: This method is based on ToLength.

Arguments

value (*): The value to convert.

Returns

(number): Returns the converted integer.

Example

_.toLength(3);
// => 3

_.toLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);
// => 0

_.toLength(Infinity);
// => 4294967295

_.toLength('3');
// => 3

`_.toNumber(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts value to a number.

Arguments

value (*): The value to process.

Returns

(number): Returns the number.

Example

_.toNumber(3);
// => 3

_.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
// => 5e-324

_.toNumber(Infinity);
// => Infinity

_.toNumber('3');
// => 3

`_.toPlainObject(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts value to a plain object flattening inherited enumerable properties of value to own properties of the plain object.

Arguments

value (*): The value to convert.

Returns

(Object): Returns the converted plain object.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.b = 2;
}

Foo.prototype.c = 3;

_.assign({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo);
// => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }

_.assign({ 'a': 1 }, _.toPlainObject(new Foo));
// => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }

`_.toSafeInteger(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts value to a safe integer. A safe integer can be compared and represented correctly.

Arguments

value (*): The value to convert.

Returns

(number): Returns the converted integer.

Example

_.toSafeInteger(3);
// => 3

_.toSafeInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
// => 0

_.toSafeInteger(Infinity);
// => 9007199254740991

_.toSafeInteger('3');
// => 3

`_.toString(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts value to a string if it's not one. An empty string is returned for null and undefined values. The sign of -0 is preserved.

Arguments

value (*): The value to process.

Returns

(string): Returns the string.

Example

_.toString(null);
// => ''

_.toString(-0);
// => '-0'

_.toString([1, 2, 3]);
// => '1,2,3'

`“Math” Methods`

`_.add(augend, addend)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Adds two numbers.

Arguments

augend (number): The first number in an addition.
addend (number): The second number in an addition.

Returns

(number): Returns the total.

Example

_.add(6, 4);
// => 10

`_.ceil(number, [precision=0])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Computes number rounded up to precision.

Arguments

number (number): The number to round up.
[precision=0] (number): The precision to round up to.

Returns

(number): Returns the rounded up number.

Example

_.ceil(4.006);
// => 5

_.ceil(6.004, 2);
// => 6.01

_.ceil(6040, -2);
// => 6100

`_.floor(number, [precision=0])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Computes number rounded down to precision.

Arguments

number (number): The number to round down.
[precision=0] (number): The precision to round down to.

Returns

(number): Returns the rounded down number.

Example

_.floor(4.006);
// => 4

_.floor(0.046, 2);
// => 0.04

_.floor(4060, -2);
// => 4000

`_.max(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Computes the maximum value of array. If array is empty or falsey undefined is returned.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to iterate over.

Returns

(*): Returns the maximum value.

Example

_.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
// => 8

_.max([]);
// => undefined

`_.maxBy(array, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.max except that it accepts iteratee which is invoked for each element in array to generate the criterion by which the value is ranked. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee invoked per element.

Returns

(*): Returns the maximum value.

Example

var objects = [{ 'n': 1 }, { 'n': 2 }];

_.maxBy(objects, function(o) { return o.n; });
// => { 'n': 2 }

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.maxBy(objects, 'n');
// => { 'n': 2 }

`_.mean(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Computes the mean of the values in array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to iterate over.

Returns

(number): Returns the mean.

Example

_.mean([4, 2, 8, 6]);
// => 5

`_.min(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Computes the minimum value of array. If array is empty or falsey undefined is returned.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to iterate over.

Returns

(*): Returns the minimum value.

Example

_.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
// => 2

_.min([]);
// => undefined

`_.minBy(array, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.min except that it accepts iteratee which is invoked for each element in array to generate the criterion by which the value is ranked. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee invoked per element.

Returns

(*): Returns the minimum value.

Example

var objects = [{ 'n': 1 }, { 'n': 2 }];

_.minBy(objects, function(o) { return o.n; });
// => { 'n': 1 }

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.minBy(objects, 'n');
// => { 'n': 1 }

`_.round(number, [precision=0])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Computes number rounded to precision.

Arguments

number (number): The number to round.
[precision=0] (number): The precision to round to.

Returns

(number): Returns the rounded number.

Example

_.round(4.006);
// => 4

_.round(4.006, 2);
// => 4.01

_.round(4060, -2);
// => 4100

`_.subtract(minuend, subtrahend)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Subtract two numbers.

Arguments

minuend (number): The first number in a subtraction.
subtrahend (number): The second number in a subtraction.

Returns

(number): Returns the difference.

Example

_.subtract(6, 4);
// => 2

`_.sum(array)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Computes the sum of the values in array.

Arguments

array (Array): The array to iterate over.

Returns

(number): Returns the sum.

Example

_.sum([4, 2, 8, 6]);
// => 20

`_.sumBy(array, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.sum except that it accepts iteratee which is invoked for each element in array to generate the value to be summed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

array (Array): The array to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The iteratee invoked per element.

Returns

(number): Returns the sum.

Example

var objects = [{ 'n': 4 }, { 'n': 2 }, { 'n': 8 }, { 'n': 6 }];

_.sumBy(objects, function(o) { return o.n; });
// => 20

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.sumBy(objects, 'n');
// => 20

`“Number” Methods`

`_.clamp(number, [lower], upper)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Clamps number within the inclusive lower and upper bounds.

Arguments

number (number): The number to clamp.
[lower] (number): The lower bound.
upper (number): The upper bound.

Returns

(number): Returns the clamped number.

Example

_.clamp(-10, -5, 5);
// => -5

_.clamp(10, -5, 5);
// => 5

`_.inRange(number, [start=0], end)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if n is between start and up to but not including, end. If end is not specified it's set to start with start then set to 0. If start is greater than end the params are swapped to support negative ranges.

Arguments

number (number): The number to check.
[start=0] (number): The start of the range.
end (number): The end of the range.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if number is in the range, else false.

Example

_.inRange(3, 2, 4);
// => true

_.inRange(4, 8);
// => true

_.inRange(4, 2);
// => false

_.inRange(2, 2);
// => false

_.inRange(1.2, 2);
// => true

_.inRange(5.2, 4);
// => false

_.inRange(-3, -2, -6);
// => true

`_.random([lower=0], [upper=1], [floating])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Produces a random number between the inclusive lower and upper bounds. If only one argument is provided a number between 0 and the given number is returned. If floating is true, or either lower or upper are floats, a floating-point number is returned instead of an integer.

Note: JavaScript follows the IEEE-754 standard for resolving floating-point values which can produce unexpected results.

Arguments

[lower=0] (number): The lower bound.
[upper=1] (number): The upper bound.
[floating] (boolean): Specify returning a floating-point number.

Returns

(number): Returns the random number.

Example

_.random(0, 5);
// => an integer between 0 and 5

_.random(5);
// => also an integer between 0 and 5

_.random(5, true);
// => a floating-point number between 0 and 5

_.random(1.2, 5.2);
// => a floating-point number between 1.2 and 5.2

`“Object” Methods`

`_.assign(object, [sources])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Assigns own enumerable properties of source objects to the destination object. Source objects are applied from left to right. Subsequent sources overwrite property assignments of previous sources.

Note: This method mutates object and is loosely based on Object.assign.

Arguments

object (Object): The destination object.
[sources] (...Object): The source objects.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.c = 3;
}

function Bar() {
  this.e = 5;
}

Foo.prototype.d = 4;
Bar.prototype.f = 6;

_.assign({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo, new Bar);
// => { 'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'e': 5 }

`_.assignIn(object, [sources])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.assign except that it iterates over own and inherited source properties.

Note: This method mutates object.

Aliases

_.extend

Arguments

object (Object): The destination object.
[sources] (...Object): The source objects.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.b = 2;
}

function Bar() {
  this.d = 4;
}

Foo.prototype.c = 3;
Bar.prototype.e = 5;

_.assignIn({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo, new Bar);
// => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4, 'e': 5 }

`_.assignInWith(object, sources, [customizer])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.assignIn except that it accepts customizer which is invoked to produce the assigned values. If customizer returns undefined assignment is handled by the method instead. The customizer is invoked with five arguments: (objValue, srcValue, key, object, source).

Note: This method mutates object.

Aliases

_.extendWith

Arguments

object (Object): The destination object.
sources (...Object): The source objects.
[customizer] (Function): The function to customize assigned values.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

function customizer(objValue, srcValue) {
  return _.isUndefined(objValue) ? srcValue : objValue;
}

var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assignInWith, customizer);

defaults({ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }, { 'a': 3 });
// => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }

`_.assignWith(object, sources, [customizer])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.assign except that it accepts customizer which is invoked to produce the assigned values. If customizer returns undefined assignment is handled by the method instead. The customizer is invoked with five arguments: (objValue, srcValue, key, object, source).

Note: This method mutates object.

Arguments

object (Object): The destination object.
sources (...Object): The source objects.
[customizer] (Function): The function to customize assigned values.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

function customizer(objValue, srcValue) {
  return _.isUndefined(objValue) ? srcValue : objValue;
}

var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assignWith, customizer);

defaults({ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }, { 'a': 3 });
// => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }

`_.at(object, [paths])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of values corresponding to paths of object.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to iterate over.
[paths] (...(string|string[]): The property paths of elements to pick, specified individually or in arrays.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of picked elements.

Example

var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }, 4] };

_.at(object, ['a[0].b.c', 'a[1]']);
// => [3, 4]

_.at(['a', 'b', 'c'], 0, 2);
// => ['a', 'c']

`_.create(prototype, [properties])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an object that inherits from the prototype object. If a properties object is provided its own enumerable properties are assigned to the created object.

Arguments

prototype (Object): The object to inherit from.
[properties] (Object): The properties to assign to the object.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new object.

Example

function Shape() {
  this.x = 0;
  this.y = 0;
}

function Circle() {
  Shape.call(this);
}

Circle.prototype = _.create(Shape.prototype, {
  'constructor': Circle
});

var circle = new Circle;
circle instanceof Circle;
// => true

circle instanceof Shape;
// => true

`_.defaults(object, [sources])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Assigns own and inherited enumerable properties of source objects to the destination object for all destination properties that resolve to undefined. Source objects are applied from left to right. Once a property is set, additional values of the same property are ignored.

Note: This method mutates object.

Arguments

object (Object): The destination object.
[sources] (...Object): The source objects.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

_.defaults({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
// => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }

`_.defaultsDeep(object, [sources])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.defaults except that it recursively assigns default properties.

Note: This method mutates object.

Arguments

object (Object): The destination object.
[sources] (...Object): The source objects.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

_.defaultsDeep({ 'user': { 'name': 'barney' } }, { 'user': { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 36 } });
// => { 'user': { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 } }

`_.findKey(object, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.find except that it returns the key of the first element predicate returns truthy for instead of the element itself.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to search.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(string|undefined): Returns the key of the matched element, else undefined.

Example

var users = {
  'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
  'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
  'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
};

_.findKey(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; });
// => 'barney' (iteration order is not guaranteed)

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.findKey(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true });
// => 'pebbles'

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.findKey(users, ['active', false]);
// => 'fred'

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.findKey(users, 'active');
// => 'barney'

`_.findLastKey(object, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.findKey except that it iterates over elements of a collection in the opposite order.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to search.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(string|undefined): Returns the key of the matched element, else undefined.

Example

var users = {
  'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
  'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
  'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
};

_.findLastKey(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; });
// => returns 'pebbles' assuming `_.findKey` returns 'barney'

// using the `_.matches` iteratee shorthand
_.findLastKey(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true });
// => 'barney'

// using the `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand
_.findLastKey(users, ['active', false]);
// => 'fred'

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.findLastKey(users, 'active');
// => 'pebbles'

`_.forIn(object, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Iterates over own and inherited enumerable properties of an object invoking iteratee for each property. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:
(value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning false.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = 1;
  this.b = 2;
}

Foo.prototype.c = 3;

_.forIn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
  console.log(key);
});
// => logs 'a', 'b', then 'c' (iteration order is not guaranteed)

`_.forInRight(object, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.forIn except that it iterates over properties of object in the opposite order.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = 1;
  this.b = 2;
}

Foo.prototype.c = 3;

_.forInRight(new Foo, function(value, key) {
  console.log(key);
});
// => logs 'c', 'b', then 'a' assuming `_.forIn` logs 'a', 'b', then 'c'

`_.forOwn(object, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Iterates over own enumerable properties of an object invoking iteratee for each property. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:
(value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning false.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = 1;
  this.b = 2;
}

Foo.prototype.c = 3;

_.forOwn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
  console.log(key);
});
// => logs 'a' then 'b' (iteration order is not guaranteed)

`_.forOwnRight(object, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.forOwn except that it iterates over properties of object in the opposite order.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = 1;
  this.b = 2;
}

Foo.prototype.c = 3;

_.forOwnRight(new Foo, function(value, key) {
  console.log(key);
});
// => logs 'b' then 'a' assuming `_.forOwn` logs 'a' then 'b'

`_.functions(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of function property names from own enumerable properties of object.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to inspect.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of property names.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = _.constant('a');
  this.b = _.constant('b');
}

Foo.prototype.c = _.constant('c');

_.functions(new Foo);
// => ['a', 'b']

`_.functionsIn(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of function property names from own and inherited enumerable properties of object.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to inspect.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of property names.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = _.constant('a');
  this.b = _.constant('b');
}

Foo.prototype.c = _.constant('c');

_.functionsIn(new Foo);
// => ['a', 'b', 'c']

`_.get(object, path, [defaultValue])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Gets the value at path of object. If the resolved value is undefined the defaultValue is used in its place.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.
path (Array|string): The path of the property to get.
[defaultValue] (*): The value returned if the resolved value is undefined.

Returns

(*): Returns the resolved value.

Example

var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };

_.get(object, 'a[0].b.c');
// => 3

_.get(object, ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']);
// => 3

_.get(object, 'a.b.c', 'default');
// => 'default'

`_.has(object, path)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if path is a direct property of object.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.
path (Array|string): The path to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if path exists, else false.

Example

var object = { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 3 } } };
var other = _.create({ 'a': _.create({ 'b': _.create({ 'c': 3 }) }) });

_.has(object, 'a');
// => true

_.has(object, 'a.b.c');
// => true

_.has(object, ['a', 'b', 'c']);
// => true

_.has(other, 'a');
// => false

`_.hasIn(object, path)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if path is a direct or inherited property of object.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.
path (Array|string): The path to check.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if path exists, else false.

Example

var object = _.create({ 'a': _.create({ 'b': _.create({ 'c': 3 }) }) });

_.hasIn(object, 'a');
// => true

_.hasIn(object, 'a.b.c');
// => true

_.hasIn(object, ['a', 'b', 'c']);
// => true

_.hasIn(object, 'b');
// => false

`_.invert(object, [multiVal])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of object. If object contains duplicate values, subsequent values overwrite property assignments of previous values unless multiVal is true.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to invert.
[multiVal] (boolean): Allow multiple values per key.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new inverted object.

Example

var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 };

_.invert(object);
// => { '1': 'c', '2': 'b' }

// with `multiVal`
_.invert(object, true);
// => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] }

`_.invoke(object, path, [args])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Invokes the method at path of object.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.
path (Array|string): The path of the method to invoke.
[args] (...*): The arguments to invoke the method with.

Returns

(*): Returns the result of the invoked method.

Example

var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': [1, 2, 3, 4] } }] };

_.invoke(object, 'a[0].b.c.slice', 1, 3);
// => [2, 3]

`_.keys(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of object.

Note: Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the ES spec for more details.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.

Returns

(Array): Returns the array of property names.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = 1;
  this.b = 2;
}

Foo.prototype.c = 3;

_.keys(new Foo);
// => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)

_.keys('hi');
// => ['0', '1']

`_.keysIn(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property names of object.

Note: Non-object values are coerced to objects.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.

Returns

(Array): Returns the array of property names.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = 1;
  this.b = 2;
}

Foo.prototype.c = 3;

_.keysIn(new Foo);
// => ['a', 'b', 'c'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)

`_.mapKeys(object, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

The opposite of _.mapValues; this method creates an object with the same values as object and keys generated by running each own enumerable property of object through iteratee.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new mapped object.

Example

_.mapKeys({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(value, key) {
  return key + value;
});
// => { 'a1': 1, 'b2': 2 }

`_.mapValues(object, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an object with the same keys as object and values generated by running each own enumerable property of object through iteratee. The iteratee function is invoked with three arguments: (value, key, object).

Arguments

object (Object): The object to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new mapped object.

Example

var users = {
  'fred':    { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
  'pebbles': { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
};

_.mapValues(users, function(o) { return o.age; });
// => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)

// using the `_.property` iteratee shorthand
_.mapValues(users, 'age');
// => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)

`_.merge(object, [sources])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Recursively merges own and inherited enumerable properties of source objects into the destination object, skipping source properties that resolve to undefined. Array and plain object properties are merged recursively. Other objects and value types are overridden by assignment. Source objects are applied from left to right. Subsequent sources overwrite property assignments of previous sources.

Note: This method mutates object.

Arguments

object (Object): The destination object.
[sources] (...Object): The source objects.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

var users = {
  'data': [{ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'user': 'fred' }]
};

var ages = {
  'data': [{ 'age': 36 }, { 'age': 40 }]
};

_.merge(users, ages);
// => { 'data': [{ 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }] }

`_.mergeWith(object, sources, customizer)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.merge except that it accepts customizer which is invoked to produce the merged values of the destination and source properties. If customizer returns undefined merging is handled by the method instead. The customizer is invoked with seven arguments:
(objValue, srcValue, key, object, source, stack).

Arguments

object (Object): The destination object.
sources (...Object): The source objects.
customizer (Function): The function to customize assigned values.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

function customizer(objValue, srcValue) {
  if (_.isArray(objValue)) {
    return objValue.concat(srcValue);
  }
}

var object = {
  'fruits': ['apple'],
  'vegetables': ['beet']
};

var other = {
  'fruits': ['banana'],
  'vegetables': ['carrot']
};

_.mergeWith(object, other, customizer);
// => { 'fruits': ['apple', 'banana'], 'vegetables': ['beet', 'carrot'] }

`_.omit(object, [props])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

The opposite of _.pick; this method creates an object composed of the own and inherited enumerable properties of object that are not omitted.

Arguments

object (Object): The source object.
[props] (...(string|string[]): The property names to omit, specified individually or in arrays..

Returns

(Object): Returns the new object.

Example

var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': '2', 'c': 3 };

_.omit(object, ['a', 'c']);
// => { 'b': '2' }

`_.omitBy(object, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

The opposite of _.pickBy; this method creates an object composed of the own and inherited enumerable properties of object that predicate doesn't return truthy for.

Arguments

object (Object): The source object.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per property.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new object.

Example

var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': '2', 'c': 3 };

_.omitBy(object, _.isNumber);
// => { 'b': '2' }

`_.pick(object, [props])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an object composed of the picked object properties.

Arguments

object (Object): The source object.
[props] (...(string|string[]): The property names to pick, specified individually or in arrays.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new object.

Example

var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': '2', 'c': 3 };

_.pick(object, ['a', 'c']);
// => { 'a': 1, 'c': 3 }

`_.pickBy(object, [predicate=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an object composed of the object properties predicate returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with one argument: (value).

Arguments

object (Object): The source object.
[predicate=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per property.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new object.

Example

var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': '2', 'c': 3 };

_.pickBy(object, _.isNumber);
// => { 'a': 1, 'c': 3 }

`_.result(object, path, [defaultValue])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.get except that if the resolved value is a function it's invoked with the this binding of its parent object and its result is returned.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.
path (Array|string): The path of the property to resolve.
[defaultValue] (*): The value returned if the resolved value is undefined.

Returns

(*): Returns the resolved value.

Example

var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c1': 3, 'c2': _.constant(4) } }] };

_.result(object, 'a[0].b.c1');
// => 3

_.result(object, 'a[0].b.c2');
// => 4

_.result(object, 'a[0].b.c3', 'default');
// => 'default'

_.result(object, 'a[0].b.c3', _.constant('default'));
// => 'default'

`_.set(object, path, value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Sets the value at path of object. If a portion of path doesn't exist it's created. Arrays are created for missing index properties while objects are created for all other missing properties. Use _.setWith to customize path creation.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to modify.
path (Array|string): The path of the property to set.
value (*): The value to set.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };

_.set(object, 'a[0].b.c', 4);
console.log(object.a[0].b.c);
// => 4

_.set(object, 'x[0].y.z', 5);
console.log(object.x[0].y.z);
// => 5

`_.setWith(object, path, value, [customizer])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.set except that it accepts customizer which is invoked to produce the objects of path. If customizer returns undefined path creation is handled by the method instead. The customizer is invoked with three arguments: (nsValue, key, nsObject).

Arguments

object (Object): The object to modify.
path (Array|string): The path of the property to set.
value (*): The value to set.
[customizer] (Function): The function to customize assigned values.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

_.setWith({ '0': { 'length': 2 } }, '[0][1][2]', 3, Object);
// => { '0': { '1': { '2': 3 }, 'length': 2 } }

`_.toPairs(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of own enumerable key-value pairs for object.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of key-value pairs.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = 1;
  this.b = 2;
}

Foo.prototype.c = 3;

_.toPairs(new Foo);
// => [['a', 1], ['b', 2]] (iteration order is not guaranteed)

`_.toPairsIn(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of own and inherited enumerable key-value pairs for object.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of key-value pairs.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = 1;
  this.b = 2;
}

Foo.prototype.c = 3;

_.toPairsIn(new Foo);
// => [['a', 1], ['b', 2], ['c', 1]] (iteration order is not guaranteed)

`_.transform(object, [iteratee=_.identity], [accumulator])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

An alternative to _.reduce; this method transforms object to a new accumulator object which is the result of running each of its own enumerable properties through iteratee, with each invocation potentially mutating the accumulator object. The iteratee is invoked with four arguments:
(accumulator, value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning false.

Arguments

object (Array|Object): The object to iterate over.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function): The function invoked per iteration.
[accumulator] (*): The custom accumulator value.

Returns

(*): Returns the accumulated value.

Example

_.transform([2, 3, 4], function(result, n) {
  result.push(n *= n);
  return n % 2 == 0;
});
// => [4, 9]

_.transform({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 }, function(result, value, key) {
  (result[value] || (result[value] = [])).push(key);
});
// => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] }

`_.unset(object, path)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Removes the property at path of object.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to modify.
path (Array|string): The path of the property to unset.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if the property is deleted, else false.

Example

var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 7 } }] };
_.unset(object, 'a[0].b.c');
// => true

console.log(object);
// => { 'a': [{ 'b': {} }] };

_.unset(object, 'a[0].b.c');
// => true

console.log(object);
// => { 'a': [{ 'b': {} }] };

`_.values(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of the own enumerable property values of object.

Note: Non-object values are coerced to objects.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.

Returns

(Array): Returns the array of property values.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = 1;
  this.b = 2;
}

Foo.prototype.c = 3;

_.values(new Foo);
// => [1, 2] (iteration order is not guaranteed)

_.values('hi');
// => ['h', 'i']

`_.valuesIn(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property values of object.

Note: Non-object values are coerced to objects.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.

Returns

(Array): Returns the array of property values.

Example

function Foo() {
  this.a = 1;
  this.b = 2;
}

Foo.prototype.c = 3;

_.valuesIn(new Foo);
// => [1, 2, 3] (iteration order is not guaranteed)

`“Seq” Methods`

`_(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates a lodash object which wraps value to enable implicit method chaining. Methods that operate on and return arrays, collections, and functions can be chained together. Methods that retrieve a single value or may return a primitive value will automatically end the chain sequence and return the unwrapped value. Otherwise, the value must be unwrapped with _#value.

Explicit chaining, which must be unwrapped with _#value in all cases, may be enabled using _.chain.

The execution of chained methods is lazy, that is, it's deferred until _#value is implicitly or explicitly called.

Lazy evaluation allows several methods to support shortcut fusion. Shortcut fusion is an optimization to merge iteratee calls; this avoids the creation of intermediate arrays and can greatly reduce the number of iteratee executions. Sections of a chain sequence qualify for shortcut fusion if the section is applied to an array of at least two hundred elements and any iteratees accept only one argument. The heuristic for whether a section qualifies for shortcut fusion is subject to change.

Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the _#value method is directly or indirectly included in the build.

In addition to lodash methods, wrappers have Array and String methods.

The wrapper Array methods are:
concat, join, pop, push, shift, sort, splice, and unshift

The wrapper String methods are:
replace and split

The wrapper methods that support shortcut fusion are:
at, compact, drop, dropRight, dropWhile, filter, find, findLast, head, initial, last, map, reject, reverse, slice, tail, take, takeRight, takeRightWhile, takeWhile, and toArray

The chainable wrapper methods are:
after, ary, assign, assignIn, assignInWith, assignWith, at, before, bind, bindAll, bindKey, chain, chunk, commit, compact, concat, conforms, constant, countBy, create, curry, debounce, defaults, defaultsDeep, defer, delay, difference, differenceBy, differenceWith, drop, dropRight, dropRightWhile, dropWhile, fill, filter, flatten, flattenDeep, flip, flow, flowRight, fromPairs, functions, functionsIn, groupBy, initial, intersection, intersectionBy, intersectionWith, invert, invokeMap, iteratee, keyBy, keys, keysIn, map, mapKeys, mapValues, matches, matchesProperty, memoize, merge, mergeWith, method, methodOf, mixin, negate, nthArg, omit, omitBy, once, orderBy, over, overArgs, overEvery, overSome, partial, partialRight, partition, pick, pickBy, plant, property, propertyOf, pull, pullAll, pullAllBy, pullAt, push, range, rangeRight, rearg, reject, remove, rest, reverse, sampleSize, set, setWith, shuffle, slice, sort, sortBy, splice, spread, tail, take, takeRight, takeRightWhile, takeWhile, tap, throttle, thru, toArray, toPairs, toPairsIn, toPath, toPlainObject, transform, unary, union, unionBy, unionWith, uniq, uniqBy, uniqWith, unset, unshift, unzip, unzipWith, values, valuesIn, without, wrap, xor, xorBy, xorWith, zip, zipObject, and zipWith

The wrapper methods that are not chainable by default are:
add, attempt, camelCase, capitalize, ceil, clamp, clone, cloneDeep, cloneDeepWith, cloneWith, deburr, endsWith, eq, escape, escapeRegExp, every, find, findIndex, findKey, findLast, findLastIndex, findLastKey, floor, forEach, forEachRight, forIn, forInRight, forOwn, forOwnRight, get, gt, gte, has, hasIn, head, identity, includes, indexOf, inRange, invoke, isArguments, isArray, isArrayLike, isArrayLikeObject, isBoolean, isDate, isElement, isEmpty, isEqual, isEqualWith, isError, isFinite, isFunction, isInteger, isLength, isMatch, isMatchWith, isNaN, isNative, isNil, isNull, isNumber, isObject, isObjectLike, isPlainObject, isRegExp, isSafeInteger, isString, isUndefined, isTypedArray, join, kebabCase, last, lastIndexOf, lowerCase, lowerFirst, lt, lte, max, maxBy, mean, min, minBy, noConflict, noop, now, pad, padEnd, padStart, parseInt, pop, random, reduce, reduceRight, repeat, result, round, runInContext, sample, shift, size, snakeCase, some, sortedIndex, sortedIndexBy, sortedLastIndex, sortedLastIndexBy, startCase, startsWith, subtract, sum, sumBy, template, times, toLower, toInteger, toLength, toNumber, toSafeInteger, toString, toUpper, trim, trimEnd, trimStart, truncate, unescape, uniqueId, upperCase, upperFirst, value, and words

Arguments

value (*): The value to wrap in a lodash instance.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new lodash wrapper instance.

Example

function square(n) {
  return n * n;
}

var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);

// returns an unwrapped value
wrapped.reduce(_.add);
// => 6

// returns a wrapped value
var squares = wrapped.map(square);

_.isArray(squares);
// => false

_.isArray(squares.value());
// => true

`_.chain(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates a lodash object that wraps value with explicit method chaining enabled. The result of such method chaining must be unwrapped with _#value.

Arguments

value (*): The value to wrap.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new lodash wrapper instance.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36 },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
];

var youngest = _
  .chain(users)
  .sortBy('age')
  .map(function(o) {
    return o.user + ' is ' + o.age;
  })
  .head()
  .value();
// => 'pebbles is 1'

`_.tap(value, interceptor)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

This method invokes interceptor and returns value. The interceptor is invoked with one argument; (value). The purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain in order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.

Arguments

value (*): The value to provide to interceptor.
interceptor (Function): The function to invoke.

Returns

(*): Returns value.

Example

_([1, 2, 3])
 .tap(function(array) {
   array.pop();
 })
 .reverse()
 .value();
// => [2, 1]

`_.thru(value, interceptor)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

This method is like _.tap except that it returns the result of interceptor.

Arguments

value (*): The value to provide to interceptor.
interceptor (Function): The function to invoke.

Returns

(*): Returns the result of interceptor.

Example

_('  abc  ')
 .chain()
 .trim()
 .thru(function(value) {
   return [value];
 })
 .value();
// => ['abc']

`_.prototype[Symbol.iterator]()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Enables the wrapper to be iterable.

Returns

(Object): Returns the wrapper object.

Example

var wrapped = _([1, 2]);

wrapped[Symbol.iterator]() === wrapped;
// => true

Array.from(wrapped);
// => [1, 2]

`_.prototype.at([paths])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

This method is the wrapper version of _.at.

Arguments

[paths] (...(string|string[]): The property paths of elements to pick, specified individually or in arrays.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new lodash wrapper instance.

Example

var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }, 4] };

_(object).at(['a[0].b.c', 'a[1]']).value();
// => [3, 4]

_(['a', 'b', 'c']).at(0, 2).value();
// => ['a', 'c']

`_.prototype.chain()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Enables explicit method chaining on the wrapper object.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new lodash wrapper instance.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
  { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
];

// without explicit chaining
_(users).head();
// => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }

// with explicit chaining
_(users)
  .chain()
  .head()
  .pick('user')
  .value();
// => { 'user': 'barney' }

`_.prototype.commit()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Executes the chained sequence and returns the wrapped result.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new lodash wrapper instance.

Example

var array = [1, 2];
var wrapped = _(array).push(3);

console.log(array);
// => [1, 2]

wrapped = wrapped.commit();
console.log(array);
// => [1, 2, 3]

wrapped.last();
// => 3

console.log(array);
// => [1, 2, 3]

`_.prototype.flatMap([iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

This method is the wrapper version of _.flatMap.

Arguments

[iteratee=_.identity] (Function|Object|string): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new lodash wrapper instance.

Example

function duplicate(n) {
  return [n, n];
}

_([1, 2]).flatMap(duplicate).value();
// => [1, 1, 2, 2]

`_.prototype.next()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Gets the next value on a wrapped object following the iterator protocol.

Returns

(Object): Returns the next iterator value.

Example

var wrapped = _([1, 2]);

wrapped.next();
// => { 'done': false, 'value': 1 }

wrapped.next();
// => { 'done': false, 'value': 2 }

wrapped.next();
// => { 'done': true, 'value': undefined }

`_.prototype.plant(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Creates a clone of the chained sequence planting value as the wrapped value.

Arguments

value (*): The value to plant.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new lodash wrapper instance.

Example

function square(n) {
  return n * n;
}

var wrapped = _([1, 2]).map(square);
var other = wrapped.plant([3, 4]);

other.value();
// => [9, 16]

wrapped.value();
// => [1, 4]

`_.prototype.reverse()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

This method is the wrapper version of _.reverse.

Note: This method mutates the wrapped array.

Returns

(Object): Returns the new lodash wrapper instance.

Example

var array = [1, 2, 3];

_(array).reverse().value()
// => [3, 2, 1]

console.log(array);
// => [3, 2, 1]

`_.prototype.value()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

Executes the chained sequence to extract the unwrapped value.

Aliases

_.prototype.toJSON, _.prototype.valueOf

Returns

(*): Returns the resolved unwrapped value.

Example

_([1, 2, 3]).value();
// => [1, 2, 3]

`“String” Methods`

`_.camelCase([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts string to camel case.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to convert.

Returns

(string): Returns the camel cased string.

Example

_.camelCase('Foo Bar');
// => 'fooBar'

_.camelCase('--foo-bar');
// => 'fooBar'

_.camelCase('__foo_bar__');
// => 'fooBar'

`_.capitalize([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts the first character of string to upper case and the remaining to lower case.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to capitalize.

Returns

(string): Returns the capitalized string.

Example

_.capitalize('FRED');
// => 'Fred'

`_.deburr([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Deburrs string by converting latin-1 supplementary letters to basic latin letters and removing combining diacritical marks.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to deburr.

Returns

(string): Returns the deburred string.

Example

_.deburr('déjà vu');
// => 'deja vu'

`_.endsWith([string=''], [target], [position=string.length])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if string ends with the given target string.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to search.
[target] (string): The string to search for.
[position=string.length] (number): The position to search from.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if string ends with target, else false.

Example

_.endsWith('abc', 'c');
// => true

_.endsWith('abc', 'b');
// => false

_.endsWith('abc', 'b', 2);
// => true

`_.escape([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts the characters "&", "<", ">", '"', "'", and "`" in string to their corresponding HTML entities.

Note: No other characters are escaped. To escape additional characters use a third-party library like he.

Though the ">" character is escaped for symmetry, characters like ">" and "/" don't need escaping in HTML and have no special meaning unless they're part of a tag or unquoted attribute value. See Mathias Bynens's article (under "semi-related fun fact") for more details.

Backticks are escaped because in IE < 9, they can break out of attribute values or HTML comments. See #59, #102, #108, and #133 of the HTML5 Security Cheatsheet for more details.

When working with HTML you should always quote attribute values to reduce XSS vectors.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to escape.

Returns

(string): Returns the escaped string.

Example

_.escape('fred, barney, & pebbles');
// => 'fred, barney, &amp; pebbles'

`_.escapeRegExp([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Escapes the RegExp special characters "^", "$", "", ".", "*", "+", "?", "(", ")", "[", "]", "{", "}", and "|" in string.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to escape.

Returns

(string): Returns the escaped string.

Example

_.escapeRegExp('[lodash](https://lodash.com/)');
// => '\[lodash\]\(https://lodash\.com/\)'

`_.kebabCase([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts string to kebab case.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to convert.

Returns

(string): Returns the kebab cased string.

Example

_.kebabCase('Foo Bar');
// => 'foo-bar'

_.kebabCase('fooBar');
// => 'foo-bar'

_.kebabCase('__foo_bar__');
// => 'foo-bar'

`_.lowerCase([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts string, as space separated words, to lower case.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to convert.

Returns

(string): Returns the lower cased string.

Example

_.lowerCase('--Foo-Bar');
// => 'foo bar'

_.lowerCase('fooBar');
// => 'foo bar'

_.lowerCase('__FOO_BAR__');
// => 'foo bar'

`_.lowerFirst([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts the first character of string to lower case.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to convert.

Returns

(string): Returns the converted string.

Example

_.lowerFirst('Fred');
// => 'fred'

_.lowerFirst('FRED');
// => 'fRED'

`_.pad([string=''], [length=0], [chars=' '])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Pads string on the left and right sides if it's shorter than length. Padding characters are truncated if they can't be evenly divided by length.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to pad.
[length=0] (number): The padding length.
[chars=' '] (string): The string used as padding.

Returns

(string): Returns the padded string.

Example

_.pad('abc', 8);
// => '  abc   '

_.pad('abc', 8, '_-');
// => '_-abc_-_'

_.pad('abc', 3);
// => 'abc'

`_.padEnd([string=''], [length=0], [chars=' '])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Pads string on the right side if it's shorter than length. Padding characters are truncated if they exceed length.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to pad.
[length=0] (number): The padding length.
[chars=' '] (string): The string used as padding.

Returns

(string): Returns the padded string.

Example

_.padEnd('abc', 6);
// => 'abc   '

_.padEnd('abc', 6, '_-');
// => 'abc_-_'

_.padEnd('abc', 3);
// => 'abc'

`_.padStart([string=''], [length=0], [chars=' '])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Pads string on the left side if it's shorter than length. Padding characters are truncated if they exceed length.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to pad.
[length=0] (number): The padding length.
[chars=' '] (string): The string used as padding.

Returns

(string): Returns the padded string.

Example

_.padStart('abc', 6);
// => '   abc'

_.padStart('abc', 6, '_-');
// => '_-_abc'

_.padStart('abc', 3);
// => 'abc'

`_.parseInt(string, [radix])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts string to an integer of the specified radix. If radix is undefined or 0, a radix of 10 is used unless value is a hexadecimal, in which case a radix of 16 is used.

Note: This method aligns with the ES5 implementation of parseInt.

Arguments

string (string): The string to convert.
[radix] (number): The radix to interpret value by.

Returns

(number): Returns the converted integer.

Example

_.parseInt('08');
// => 8

_.map(['6', '08', '10'], _.parseInt);
// => [6, 8, 10]

`_.repeat([string=''], [n=0])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Repeats the given string n times.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to repeat.
[n=0] (number): The number of times to repeat the string.

Returns

(string): Returns the repeated string.

Example

_.repeat('*', 3);
// => '***'

_.repeat('abc', 2);
// => 'abcabc'

_.repeat('abc', 0);
// => ''

`_.replace([string=''], pattern, replacement)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Replaces matches for pattern in string with replacement.

Note: This method is based on String#replace.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to modify.
pattern (RegExp|string): The pattern to replace.
replacement (Function|string): The match replacement.

Returns

(string): Returns the modified string.

Example

_.replace('Hi Fred', 'Fred', 'Barney');
// => 'Hi Barney'

`_.snakeCase([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts string to snake case.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to convert.

Returns

(string): Returns the snake cased string.

Example

_.snakeCase('Foo Bar');
// => 'foo_bar'

_.snakeCase('fooBar');
// => 'foo_bar'

_.snakeCase('--foo-bar');
// => 'foo_bar'

`_.split([string=''], separator, [limit])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Splits string by separator.

Note: This method is based on String#split.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to split.
separator (RegExp|string): The separator pattern to split by.
[limit] (number): The length to truncate results to.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of string segments.

Example

_.split('a-b-c', '-', 2);
// => ['a', 'b']

`_.startCase([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts string to start case.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to convert.

Returns

(string): Returns the start cased string.

Example

_.startCase('--foo-bar');
// => 'Foo Bar'

_.startCase('fooBar');
// => 'Foo Bar'

_.startCase('__foo_bar__');
// => 'Foo Bar'

`_.startsWith([string=''], [target], [position=0])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Checks if string starts with the given target string.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to search.
[target] (string): The string to search for.
[position=0] (number): The position to search from.

Returns

(boolean): Returns true if string starts with target, else false.

Example

_.startsWith('abc', 'a');
// => true

_.startsWith('abc', 'b');
// => false

_.startsWith('abc', 'b', 1);
// => true

`_.template([string=''], [options])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a compiled template function that can interpolate data properties in "interpolate" delimiters, HTML-escape interpolated data properties in "escape" delimiters, and execute JavaScript in "evaluate" delimiters. Data properties may be accessed as free variables in the template. If a setting object is provided it takes precedence over _.templateSettings values.

Note: In the development build _.template utilizes sourceURLs for easier debugging.

For more information on precompiling templates see lodash's custom builds documentation.

For more information on Chrome extension sandboxes see Chrome's extensions documentation.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The template string.
[options] (Object): The options object.
[options.escape] (RegExp): The HTML "escape" delimiter.
[options.evaluate] (RegExp): The "evaluate" delimiter.
[options.imports] (Object): An object to import into the template as free variables.
[options.interpolate] (RegExp): The "interpolate" delimiter.
[options.sourceURL] (string): The sourceURL of the template's compiled source.
[options.variable] (string): The data object variable name.

Returns

(Function): Returns the compiled template function.

Example

// using the "interpolate" delimiter to create a compiled template
var compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!');
compiled({ 'user': 'fred' });
// => 'hello fred!'

// using the HTML "escape" delimiter to escape data property values
var compiled = _.template('<b><%- value %></b>');
compiled({ 'value': '<script>' });
// => '<b>&lt;script&gt;</b>'

// using the "evaluate" delimiter to execute JavaScript and generate HTML
var compiled = _.template('<% _.forEach(users, function(user) { %><li><%- user %></li><% }); %>');
compiled({ 'users': ['fred', 'barney'] });
// => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'

// using the internal `print` function in "evaluate" delimiters
var compiled = _.template('<% print("hello " + user); %>!');
compiled({ 'user': 'barney' });
// => 'hello barney!'

// using the ES delimiter as an alternative to the default "interpolate" delimiter
var compiled = _.template('hello ${ user }!');
compiled({ 'user': 'pebbles' });
// => 'hello pebbles!'

// using custom template delimiters
_.templateSettings.interpolate = /{{([\s\S]+?)}}/g;
var compiled = _.template('hello {{ user }}!');
compiled({ 'user': 'mustache' });
// => 'hello mustache!'

// using backslashes to treat delimiters as plain text
var compiled = _.template('<%= "\\<%- value %\\>" %>');
compiled({ 'value': 'ignored' });
// => '<%- value %>'

// using the `imports` option to import `jQuery` as `jq`
var text = '<% jq.each(users, function(user) { %><li><%- user %></li><% }); %>';
var compiled = _.template(text, { 'imports': { 'jq': jQuery } });
compiled({ 'users': ['fred', 'barney'] });
// => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'

// using the `sourceURL` option to specify a custom sourceURL for the template
var compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!', { 'sourceURL': '/basic/greeting.jst' });
compiled(data);
// => find the source of "greeting.jst" under the Sources tab or Resources panel of the web inspector

// using the `variable` option to ensure a with-statement isn't used in the compiled template
var compiled = _.template('hi <%= data.user %>!', { 'variable': 'data' });
compiled.source;
// => function(data) {
//   var __t, __p = '';
//   __p += 'hi ' + ((__t = ( data.user )) == null ? '' : __t) + '!';
//   return __p;
// }

// using the `source` property to inline compiled templates for meaningful
// line numbers in error messages and a stack trace
fs.writeFileSync(path.join(cwd, 'jst.js'), '\
  var JST = {\
    "main": ' + _.template(mainText).source + '\
  };\
');

`_.toLower([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts string, as a whole, to lower case.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to convert.

Returns

(string): Returns the lower cased string.

Example

_.toLower('--Foo-Bar');
// => '--foo-bar'

_.toLower('fooBar');
// => 'foobar'

_.toLower('__FOO_BAR__');
// => '__foo_bar__'

`_.toUpper([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts string, as a whole, to upper case.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to convert.

Returns

(string): Returns the upper cased string.

Example

_.toUpper('--foo-bar');
// => '--FOO-BAR'

_.toUpper('fooBar');
// => 'FOOBAR'

_.toUpper('__foo_bar__');
// => '__FOO_BAR__'

`_.trim([string=''], [chars=whitespace])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Removes leading and trailing whitespace or specified characters from string.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to trim.
[chars=whitespace] (string): The characters to trim.

Returns

(string): Returns the trimmed string.

Example

_.trim('  abc  ');
// => 'abc'

_.trim('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
// => 'abc'

_.map(['  foo  ', '  bar  '], _.trim);
// => ['foo', 'bar']

`_.trimEnd([string=''], [chars=whitespace])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Removes trailing whitespace or specified characters from string.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to trim.
[chars=whitespace] (string): The characters to trim.

Returns

(string): Returns the trimmed string.

Example

_.trimEnd('  abc  ');
// => '  abc'

_.trimEnd('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
// => '-_-abc'

`_.trimStart([string=''], [chars=whitespace])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Removes leading whitespace or specified characters from string.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to trim.
[chars=whitespace] (string): The characters to trim.

Returns

(string): Returns the trimmed string.

Example

_.trimStart('  abc  ');
// => 'abc  '

_.trimStart('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
// => 'abc-_-'

`_.truncate([string=''], [options])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Truncates string if it's longer than the given maximum string length. The last characters of the truncated string are replaced with the omission string which defaults to "...".

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to truncate.
[options] (Object): The options object.
[options.length=30] (number): The maximum string length.
[options.omission='...'] (string): The string to indicate text is omitted.
[options.separator] (RegExp|string): The separator pattern to truncate to.

Returns

(string): Returns the truncated string.

Example

_.truncate('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino');
// => 'hi-diddly-ho there, neighbo...'

_.truncate('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
  'length': 24,
  'separator': ' '
});
// => 'hi-diddly-ho there,...'

_.truncate('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
  'length': 24,
  'separator': /,? +/
});
// => 'hi-diddly-ho there...'

_.truncate('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
  'omission': ' [...]'
});
// => 'hi-diddly-ho there, neig [...]'

`_.unescape([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

The inverse of _.escape; this method converts the HTML entities &, <, >, ", ', and ` in string to their corresponding characters.

Note: No other HTML entities are unescaped. To unescape additional HTML entities use a third-party library like he.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to unescape.

Returns

(string): Returns the unescaped string.

Example

_.unescape('fred, barney, &amp; pebbles');
// => 'fred, barney, & pebbles'

`_.upperCase([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts string, as space separated words, to upper case.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to convert.

Returns

(string): Returns the upper cased string.

Example

_.upperCase('--foo-bar');
// => 'FOO BAR'

_.upperCase('fooBar');
// => 'FOO BAR'

_.upperCase('__foo_bar__');
// => 'FOO BAR'

`_.upperFirst([string=''])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts the first character of string to upper case.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to convert.

Returns

(string): Returns the converted string.

Example

_.upperFirst('fred');
// => 'Fred'

_.upperFirst('FRED');
// => 'FRED'

`_.words([string=''], [pattern])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Splits string into an array of its words.

Arguments

[string=''] (string): The string to inspect.
[pattern] (RegExp|string): The pattern to match words.

Returns

(Array): Returns the words of string.

Example

_.words('fred, barney, & pebbles');
// => ['fred', 'barney', 'pebbles']

_.words('fred, barney, & pebbles', /[^, ]+/g);
// => ['fred', 'barney', '&', 'pebbles']

`“Util” Methods`

`_.attempt(func)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Attempts to invoke func, returning either the result or the caught error object. Any additional arguments are provided to func when it's invoked.

Arguments

func (Function): The function to attempt.

Returns

(*): Returns the func result or error object.

Example

// avoid throwing errors for invalid selectors
var elements = _.attempt(function(selector) {
  return document.querySelectorAll(selector);
}, '>_>');

if (_.isError(elements)) {
  elements = [];
}

`_.bindAll(object, methodNames)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing method.

Note: This method doesn't set the "length" property of bound functions.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
methodNames (...(string|string[]): The object method names to bind, specified individually or in arrays.

Returns

(Object): Returns object.

Example

var view = {
  'label': 'docs',
  'onClick': function() {
    console.log('clicked ' + this.label);
  }
};

_.bindAll(view, 'onClick');
jQuery(element).on('click', view.onClick);
// => logs 'clicked docs' when clicked

`_.cond(pairs)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that iterates over pairs invoking the corresponding function of the first predicate to return truthy. The predicate-function pairs are invoked with the this binding and arguments of the created function.

Arguments

pairs (Array): The predicate-function pairs.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var func = _.cond([
  [_.matches({ 'a': 1 }),           _.constant('matches A')],
  [_.conforms({ 'b': _.isNumber }), _.constant('matches B')],
  [_.constant(true),                _.constant('no match')]
]);

func({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 });
// => 'matches A'

func({ 'a': 0, 'b': 1 });
// => 'matches B'

func({ 'a': '1', 'b': '2' });
// => 'no match'

`_.conforms(source)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes the predicate properties of source with the corresponding property values of a given object, returning true if all predicates return truthy, else false.

Arguments

source (Object): The object of property predicates to conform to.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
  { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
];

_.filter(users, _.conforms({ 'age': _.partial(_.gt, _, 38) }));
// => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]

`_.constant(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that returns value.

Arguments

value (*): The value to return from the new function.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
var getter = _.constant(object);

getter() === object;
// => true

`_.flow([funcs])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that returns the result of invoking the provided functions with the this binding of the created function, where each successive invocation is supplied the return value of the previous.

Arguments

[funcs] (...(Function|Function[]): Functions to invoke.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

function square(n) {
  return n * n;
}

var addSquare = _.flow(_.add, square);
addSquare(1, 2);
// => 9

`_.flowRight([funcs])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.flow except that it creates a function that invokes the provided functions from right to left.

Arguments

[funcs] (...(Function|Function[]): Functions to invoke.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

function square(n) {
  return n * n;
}

var addSquare = _.flowRight(square, _.add);
addSquare(1, 2);
// => 9

`_.identity(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method returns the first argument provided to it.

Arguments

value (*): Any value.

Returns

(*): Returns value.

Example

var object = { 'user': 'fred' };

_.identity(object) === object;
// => true

`_.iteratee([func=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes func with the arguments of the created function. If func is a property name the created callback returns the property value for a given element. If func is an object the created callback returns true for elements that contain the equivalent object properties, otherwise it returns false.

Arguments

[func=_.identity] (*): The value to convert to a callback.

Returns

(Function): Returns the callback.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
  { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
];

// create custom iteratee shorthands
_.iteratee = _.wrap(_.iteratee, function(callback, func) {
  var p = /^(\S+)\s*([<>])\s*(\S+)$/.exec(func);
  return !p ? callback(func) : function(object) {
    return (p[2] == '>' ? object[p[1]] > p[3] : object[p[1]] < p[3]);
  };
});

_.filter(users, 'age > 36');
// => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]

`_.matches(source)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that performs a deep partial comparison between a given object and source, returning true if the given object has equivalent property values, else false.

Note: This method supports comparing the same values as _.isEqual.

Arguments

source (Object): The object of property values to match.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
  { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
];

_.filter(users, _.matches({ 'age': 40, 'active': false }));
// => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'active': false }]

`_.matchesProperty(path, srcValue)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that performs a deep partial comparison between the value at path of a given object to srcValue, returning true if the object value is equivalent, else false.

Note: This method supports comparing the same values as _.isEqual.

Arguments

path (Array|string): The path of the property to get.
srcValue (*): The value to match.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney' },
  { 'user': 'fred' }
];

_.find(users, _.matchesProperty('user', 'fred'));
// => { 'user': 'fred' }

`_.method(path, [args])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes the method at path of a given object. Any additional arguments are provided to the invoked method.

Arguments

path (Array|string): The path of the method to invoke.
[args] (...*): The arguments to invoke the method with.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var objects = [
  { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': _.constant(2) } } },
  { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': _.constant(1) } } }
];

_.map(objects, _.method('a.b.c'));
// => [2, 1]

_.invokeMap(_.sortBy(objects, _.method(['a', 'b', 'c'])), 'a.b.c');
// => [1, 2]

`_.methodOf(object, [args])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

The opposite of _.method; this method creates a function that invokes the method at a given path of object. Any additional arguments are provided to the invoked method.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.
[args] (...*): The arguments to invoke the method with.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var array = _.times(3, _.constant),
    object = { 'a': array, 'b': array, 'c': array };

_.map(['a[2]', 'c[0]'], _.methodOf(object));
// => [2, 0]

_.map([['a', '2'], ['c', '0']], _.methodOf(object));
// => [2, 0]

`_.mixin([object=lodash], source, [options])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Adds all own enumerable function properties of a source object to the destination object. If object is a function then methods are added to its prototype as well.

Note: Use _.runInContext to create a pristine lodash function to avoid conflicts caused by modifying the original.

Arguments

[object=lodash] (Function|Object): The destination object.
source (Object): The object of functions to add.
[options] (Object): The options object.
[options.chain=true] (boolean): Specify whether the functions added are chainable.

Returns

(Function|Object): Returns object.

Example

function vowels(string) {
  return _.filter(string, function(v) {
    return /[aeiou]/i.test(v);
  });
}

_.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels });
_.vowels('fred');
// => ['e']

_('fred').vowels().value();
// => ['e']

_.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels }, { 'chain': false });
_('fred').vowels();
// => ['e']

`_.noConflict()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Reverts the _ variable to its previous value and returns a reference to the lodash function.

Returns

(Function): Returns the lodash function.

Example

var lodash = _.noConflict();

`_.noop()`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

A no-operation function that returns undefined regardless of the arguments it receives.

Example

var object = { 'user': 'fred' };

_.noop(object) === undefined;
// => true

`_.nthArg([n=0])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that returns its nth argument.

Arguments

[n=0] (number): The index of the argument to return.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var func = _.nthArg(1);

func('a', 'b', 'c');
// => 'b'

`_.over(iteratees)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that invokes iteratees with the arguments provided to the created function and returns their results.

Arguments

iteratees (...(Function|Function[]): The iteratees to invoke.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var func = _.over(Math.max, Math.min);

func(1, 2, 3, 4);
// => [4, 1]

`_.overEvery(predicates)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that checks if all of the predicates return truthy when invoked with the arguments provided to the created function.

Arguments

predicates (...(Function|Function[]): The predicates to check.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var func = _.overEvery(Boolean, isFinite);

func('1');
// => true

func(null);
// => false

func(NaN);
// => false

`_.overSome(predicates)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that checks if any of the predicates return truthy when invoked with the arguments provided to the created function.

Arguments

predicates (...(Function|Function[]): The predicates to check.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var func = _.overSome(Boolean, isFinite);

func('1');
// => true

func(null);
// => true

func(NaN);
// => false

`_.property(path)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates a function that returns the value at path of a given object.

Arguments

path (Array|string): The path of the property to get.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var objects = [
  { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 2 } } },
  { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 1 } } }
];

_.map(objects, _.property('a.b.c'));
// => [2, 1]

_.map(_.sortBy(objects, _.property(['a', 'b', 'c'])), 'a.b.c');
// => [1, 2]

`_.propertyOf(object)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

The opposite of _.property; this method creates a function that returns the value at a given path of object.

Arguments

object (Object): The object to query.

Returns

(Function): Returns the new function.

Example

var array = [0, 1, 2],
    object = { 'a': array, 'b': array, 'c': array };

_.map(['a[2]', 'c[0]'], _.propertyOf(object));
// => [2, 0]

_.map([['a', '2'], ['c', '0']], _.propertyOf(object));
// => [2, 0]

`_.range([start=0], end, [step=1])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from start up to, but not including, end. A step of -1 is used if a negative start is specified without an end or step. If end is not specified it's set to start with start then set to 0.

Note: JavaScript follows the IEEE-754 standard for resolving floating-point values which can produce unexpected results.

Arguments

[start=0] (number): The start of the range.
end (number): The end of the range.
[step=1] (number): The value to increment or decrement by.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of numbers.

Example

_.range(4);
// => [0, 1, 2, 3]

_.range(-4);
// => [0, -1, -2, -3]

_.range(1, 5);
// => [1, 2, 3, 4]

_.range(0, 20, 5);
// => [0, 5, 10, 15]

_.range(0, -4, -1);
// => [0, -1, -2, -3]

_.range(1, 4, 0);
// => [1, 1, 1]

_.range(0);
// => []

`_.rangeRight([start=0], end, [step=1])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

This method is like _.range except that it populates values in descending order.

Arguments

[start=0] (number): The start of the range.
end (number): The end of the range.
[step=1] (number): The value to increment or decrement by.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new array of numbers.

Example

_.rangeRight(4);
// => [3, 2, 1, 0]

_.rangeRight(-4);
// => [-3, -2, -1, 0]

_.rangeRight(1, 5);
// => [4, 3, 2, 1]

_.rangeRight(0, 20, 5);
// => [15, 10, 5, 0]

_.rangeRight(0, -4, -1);
// => [-3, -2, -1, 0]

_.rangeRight(1, 4, 0);
// => [1, 1, 1]

_.rangeRight(0);
// => []

`_.runInContext([context=root])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Create a new pristine lodash function using the context object.

Arguments

[context=root] (Object): The context object.

Returns

(Function): Returns a new lodash function.

Example

_.mixin({ 'foo': _.constant('foo') });

var lodash = _.runInContext();
lodash.mixin({ 'bar': lodash.constant('bar') });

_.isFunction(_.foo);
// => true
_.isFunction(_.bar);
// => false

lodash.isFunction(lodash.foo);
// => false
lodash.isFunction(lodash.bar);
// => true

// using `context` to mock `Date#getTime` use in `_.now`
var mock = _.runInContext({
  'Date': function() {
    return { 'getTime': getTimeMock };
  }
});

// or creating a suped-up `defer` in Node.js
var defer = _.runInContext({ 'setTimeout': setImmediate }).defer;

`_.times(n, [iteratee=_.identity])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Invokes the iteratee function n times, returning an array of the results of each invocation. The iteratee is invoked with one argument; (index).

Arguments

n (number): The number of times to invoke iteratee.
[iteratee=_.identity] (Function): The function invoked per iteration.

Returns

(Array): Returns the array of results.

Example

_.times(3, String);
// => ['0', '1', '2']

 _.times(4, _.constant(true));
// => [true, true, true, true]

`_.toPath(value)`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Converts value to a property path array.

Arguments

value (*): The value to convert.

Returns

(Array): Returns the new property path array.

Example

_.toPath('a.b.c');
// => ['a', 'b', 'c']

_.toPath('a[0].b.c');
// => ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']

var path = ['a', 'b', 'c'],
    newPath = _.toPath(path);

console.log(newPath);
// => ['a', 'b', 'c']

console.log(path === newPath);
// => false

`_.uniqueId([prefix])`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

Generates a unique ID. If prefix is provided the ID is appended to it.

Arguments

[prefix] (string): The value to prefix the ID with.

Returns

(string): Returns the unique ID.

Example

_.uniqueId('contact_');
// => 'contact_104'

_.uniqueId();
// => '105'

`Properties`

`_.VERSION`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ

(string): The semantic version number.

`_.templateSettings`

# Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓝ

(Object): By default, the template delimiters used by lodash are like those in embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use alternative delimiters.