microsoft#5567 didn't actually fix the crash we were seeing.

The actual cause of the crash seems to be that I missed adding some
compilation flags that we had added to the `.vcxproj` for cpprestsdk
when I moved the dependencies to vcpkg (which does not use the
`.vcxproj`). Specifically, I didn't set a flag to compile it without
async support, so the library used async but winget wasn't prepared for
that.

This PR adds the missing compilation flags for all ports, taken from the
project files before the migration to vcpkg. I added the flags to the
triplet files (conditionally) so that it applies the same regardless of
whether a port comes from the official registry or a local overlay.

I noticed that for `libyaml` and `jsoncpp` I missed the flags to prepare
for fuzzing, so I added a new triplet for those.

This PR also updates the pipeline to publish the compilation logs from
vcpkg for easier debugging in the future.
###### Microsoft Reviewers: [Open in
CodeFlow](https://microsoft.github.io/open-pr/?codeflow=https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli/pull/5587)