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Trigonometric Identities Guide

This document discusses trigonometric identities and equations. It introduces important trigonometric identities like reciprocal identities, quotient identities, and Pythagorean identities. It also discusses how to use identities to simplify expressions by writing trig functions in terms of sines and cosines. Examples are provided to show how identities can be used to substitute one trig function for another and to find function values.

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857 views16 pages

Trigonometric Identities Guide

This document discusses trigonometric identities and equations. It introduces important trigonometric identities like reciprocal identities, quotient identities, and Pythagorean identities. It also discusses how to use identities to simplify expressions by writing trig functions in terms of sines and cosines. Examples are provided to show how identities can be used to substitute one trig function for another and to find function values.

Uploaded by

api-276566085
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 5Trigonometric

Identities and
Equations
Basic Trig Identities

Some Vocabulary
1. Identity: a statement of equality
between two expressions that is
true for all values of the variable(s)
2. Trigonometric Identity: an identity
involving trig expressions

Recall from earlier! OR


copy!
Reciprocal Identities

Copy! Quotient Identities


sin x
tan x
cos x

Why?

cos x
cot x
sin x

Do you remember the Unit


Circle?
What is the equation for the unit circle?

x 2 + y2 =
1

What does x = ? What does y = ?


(in terms of trig
functions)
2
2

sin + cos = 1

Pythagorean
Identity!

So now we take the Pythagorean


Identity
sin2 + cos2 = 1
and discover a new one!

Hint: Try dividing everything by cos2


sin2 + cos2 =
1 .
2
22
cos
cos
tan + 1 = sec2
Quotie cos2
nt
Identit
y

another
Pythagorean
Identity

Reciproc
al
Identity

Now repeat the process by dividing by


sin2
and discover another one!
Hint: Try dividing everything by sin2
sin2 + cos2 =
1 .
2
22
sin

sin
1 + cot =
sin22
Quotie csc
nt
Identit
y

a third
Pythagorean
Identity

Reciproc
al
Identity

RECIPROCAL IDENTITIES
1
sin x
csc x

1
cos x
sec x

1
tan x
cot x

1
csc x
sin x

1
sec x
cos x

1
cot x
tan x

QUOTIENT IDENTITIES

sin x
tan x
cos x

cos x
cot x
sin x

PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES
1 cot 2 x csc 2 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x 1

tan 2 x 1 sec 2 x

Identities Summarized!
You'll need to have these memorized or be able to derive them for this course.

One way to use identities is to simplify expressions involving trigonometric


functions. Often a good strategy for doing this is to write all trig functions in
terms of sines and cosines and then simplify.

Example 1!
substitute using
each identity

sin x
tan x
cos x

tan x csc x
Simplify:
sec x
simplify

sin x 1

cos x sin x
1
cos x

1
cos x
1
cos x

1
csc x
sin x
1
sec x
cos x

Your turn! Simplify each!

sec x
csc x

Guided Practice
Handout # 1
#s 1, 2, 4, & 8

Day 2: Another way to use identities is to write one function in terms


of another function. Lets see an example of this:

Write the following expression


in terms of only one trig function:
cos x sin x 1
2

= 1 sin 2 x sin x 1
= sin 2 x sin x 2
sin 2 x cos 2 x 1

This expression involves both


sine and cosine. The
Fundamental Identity makes a
connection between sine and
cosine so we can use that and
solve for cosine squared and
substitute.

cos 2 x 1 sin 2 x

A third way to use identities is to find function values. Lets


see an example of this:

Write the following expression


in terms of only one trig function:
cos x sin x 1
2

= 1 sin 2 x sin x 1
= sin 2 x sin x 2
sin 2 x cos 2 x 1

This expression involves both


sine and cosine. The
Fundamental Identity makes a
connection between sine and
cosine so we can use that and
solve for cosine squared and
substitute.

cos 2 x 1 sin 2 x

Opposite Angle Identities


sometimes these are called even/odd identities

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