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Advanced QM Susskind - Ramo Notes

1) The document summarizes key concepts from lectures on quantum fields and their energy. It discusses the creation and annihilation operators for quantum fields, and how they relate to finding the number of particles and total energy. 2) Fourier transforms are introduced to write wavefunctions in terms of momentum space. Commutation relations for creation and annihilation operators are defined. 3) The total energy of a quantum field is derived from the Hamiltonian in terms of creation and annihilation operators, incorporating both kinetic and potential energy terms. Momentum is conserved in interactions.

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Eddy R. Vélez
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2K views4 pages

Advanced QM Susskind - Ramo Notes

1) The document summarizes key concepts from lectures on quantum fields and their energy. It discusses the creation and annihilation operators for quantum fields, and how they relate to finding the number of particles and total energy. 2) Fourier transforms are introduced to write wavefunctions in terms of momentum space. Commutation relations for creation and annihilation operators are defined. 3) The total energy of a quantum field is derived from the Hamiltonian in terms of creation and annihilation operators, incorporating both kinetic and potential energy terms. Momentum is conserved in interactions.

Uploaded by

Eddy R. Vélez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Quantum Mechanics - Leonard Susskind

Lectures 7-9 Quantum Fields and their Energy - notes


ramo (hanramo@hotmail.com)
AP (Calculus BC, Statistics, Physics C, Microeconomics) Teacher

November 10, 2014

Lecture 7.

hx|i = (x)

probability of finding particle at x

(x)(x) = P (x)
Z
Z

dx (x)(x) = 1
dx i (x)j (x) = ij
X
|ii hi| = I
i

hy|xi =

hy|ii hi|xi

(x y) =

i (y)i (x)

number of particles in each ith state

|n1 , n2 , . . . , ni , . . .i

a+
i = ai

a
i

creation operator
annihilation operator

= ai

(x) =

a
i i (x)

(x) =

a+
i i (x)

|vacuumi = |0i = |0, 0, . . .i


X
|xi =
|ii hi| x
i

i (x)a+
i

|0i = (x) |0i

dx (x)(x) =

Z
dx

ai i (x)aj j (x)

ij

X
ij

currently

ai aj ij

X
i

ai ai =

Ni

total number of particles

with Mathematics and Science Department, Beijing Number 2 High School, Beijing

E=

Ni i

ai ai i

Hi = i i


P
+ V (x) i (x) = i i (x)
2m

P = i
x


2

+ V (x) i (x) = i i (x)


2m


2
+ V (x) (x)
dx (x)
2m

h| H |i =



2
E=
dx (x)
+ V (x) (x)
2m

X
Z
X
2
+
=
dx
ai i (x)
+ V (x)
a
j j (x)
2m
i
j


Z
X
2
+
+ V (x) j (x)a
=
dx
ai i (x)
j
2m
ij
Z
X

=
dx
a+
i aj i (x)j j (x)
Z

[operator]

ij

a+
i aj ij j

ij

Z
operator P = i

dx (x)

(x)
x

Total momentum of all the particles

Lecture 8.

Z
1

dp (x)eipx
(p) =
2
Z
1
ipx

(x) =
dp (x)e
2
(x) =

a
i i (x)

Z
1
=
dp a (p)eipx
2
Z
1
+
(x) =
dp a+ (p)eipx
2
Z
1
a (p) =
dx (x)eipx
2
Z
1
dx + (x)eipx
a+ (p) =
2
+
[a
i , aj ] = ij

[a
i , aj ] = 0
+
[a+
i , aj ] = 0

[+ (x), (y)] = (x y)
[+ (x), + (y)] = 0
[ (x), (y)] = 0
[Re (x),
Im (y)] = (x y)

Lecture 9.

DFE
E D


2
E=
dx (x)
(x) + V (x) (x)(x)
2m


Z
2

E=
dx (x)
(x) + mc2 (x)(x)
2m
Z

|(t + )i = (1 iH) |(t)i


= |(t)i iH |(t)i
Z
1
(x) =
dp
2
Z
1
dq
(x) =
2
Z

ipx

(p)e

(q)eiqx

Z
Z
1
ipx
(q)eiqx 1

dx mc2
dq
dp (p)e
2
2
Z Z Z
mc2
i(pq)x
(q)(p)e

dq dp dx
2
Z Z
mc2
(q)(p)(p

q) dq dp
=
2
Z
mc2
(p)(p)

dp
2

dx mc2 (x)(x) =

no change in p

Z
dq (p q)F (q) = F (p)

Z
2
2 1
ipx

dp (p)e
(x) =
2m
2m 2
Z
1
p2 ipx

=
dp (p)
e
2m
2
p2
=
(x)
2m
Z
E=

dx (x)

p2
(x) + V (x) (x)(x)
2m

first term also conserves momentum

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