Time Management
Time Management
A how-to guide on efficiently managing your time through effective delegating, calendar management and using productivity tools
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Next, create new files, action lists, calendar items or reminders based on next steps. Your daily calendar is reserved for the most urgent items. Everything else is displayed on a workflow map. Benefits: It clumps together your tasks by context, making it easy to, say, tackle phone calls all at once. Shellenbarger says that GTD also forced her to better manage paper flow. Downside: The system requires time to master. 2. The Pomodoro Technique (pomodorotechnique.com): You tackle tasks in 25minute increments, with the help of a kitchen timer. How to start: Begin each day with a log of things to do, then tackle each one in 25minute intervals called Pomodoros. When a Pomodoro is over, mark an X on the log next to the item, and then take a three- to five-minute break. If you feel tempted to break a Pomodoro, put an apostrophe over the X on the log. Benefits: Shellenbarger became more aware of how often she interrupted herself, and the regular breaks improved her mental agility. Downside: The system demands interruption-free time blocks, which may prove difficult for many. 3. FranklinCoveys Focus (franklincovey.com): Focus aims to break users urgency addiction, the habit of going from one unimportant-but-pressing task to the next. How to start: Spend a half-hour each week thinking through your values, identifying goals and blocking out time to pursue them. Enter daily tasks on your calendar, prioritizing them based on urgent and important, important but not urgent, urgent but not important, or not urgent or important. Benefits: Shellenbarger says she felt calmer by weeks end and more comfortable with letting small stuff slide. Downside: Like GTD, Focus requires an up-front investment of mental effort. Lesson: Try different approaches to wrangling your time, and adopt the practices and rituals you can stick with. And realize that, ultimately, the key to getting more important stuff done is to do less of everything else.
2. Admin days usually have lots of different content but similar, routine kinds of tasks, such as signing papers, returning phone calls and running errands. Admin days require lots of picking things up and putting them down. They also involve organizing and setting your calendar. They rarely require deep thought. Group tasks so that paperwork is together, as are errands and appointments. Clue in your support staff about admin days so they will be ready. 3. Spirit days nurture the soul. Set them aside for friends and family, reading and reflection. They used to call these days the weekend.
Most people dont have specific software just for managing their projects. So they use what they can access on their desktops. One great tool for this purpose is Microsoft Outlook. 1. Brainstorm tasks Starting in any one of seven task views, such as Simple, Detailed or by Category, you will see a Click here to add a new Task field at the top. You do not have to know the duration or even the order of each task: Just start typing and brainstorm your task list. Lets use an event as an example, with a simplified set of tasks.
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4 = Very often
3 = Often
2 = Sometimes
1 = Seldom
0 = Never
HOW OFTEN DO YOU ___ 1. Give specific directions about how you want a task completed? ___ 2. Wonder what employees are doing and whether their time could be spent better? ___ 3. Reject an employees suggestion because it isnt how you would perform the task? ___ 4. Get annoyed when a normally capable employee makes a simple error? ___ 5. Worry about whether a key task will be done right or on time? ___ 6. Sneak a peek when your employee isnt around to check a projects progress? ___ 7. Delegate work in increments rather than explain the entire project at once? ___ 8. Resent or refuse to answer questions about why a task needs to be done? ___ 9. Find employees coming to you with questions they should know the answers to? ___10. Talk most of the time during strategy meetings or brainstorming sessions?
SCORING
30 to 40: Your employee is right: Youre a micromanager. You may be focusing too much on how employees perform the work, not the outcome. Instead of always explaining how something should be done, explain what youre trying to achieve. After all, your employee may know a faster, better way. 20 to 29: Shift your focus to results. Youre not a dyed-in-the-wool micromanager, but you need to loosen the reins a bit. Give employees more space to make decisions. 10 to 19: Its not your fault. If youve answered the questions honestly, youre not micromanaging your employees, but you still have a problem. They view your critiques negatively, so you need to work on communicating your expectations and feedback more effectively. 0 to 9: He must have been talking about someone else. The complaint is probably an isolated remark.
2. Set start/end dates You have all your tasks, so start with the last task and work backward to determine when the preceding tasks would have to be completed before working on the current one. It might help to do the math in, say, Excel. For example, if the event will take place on 10/10/11, you can type in a simple formula to determine when travel reservations should be completed, say, 21 days. So, the travel arrangements would have to be complete on 9/19/11. You might want to give yourself a week to get this done. To arrive at the start date for the task, begin with the end date of 9/19/11 and subtract seven to get 9/12/11. Do this until you have determined the start and end dates of all tasks. Use the date picker to do this right in the view. 3. Categorize tasks Check the Task Timeline view to see if the order of things makes sense. Once you are satisfied with the timeline, assign a category. This will keep all the tasks together associated with a single project. That way, in the Category view of tasks, you can view all of your tasks as a chronological task list. You also can filter other views by Category, to see only the tasks associated with this project. However, dont overlook the value of looking at multiple categories in the timeline view to spot potential conflicts.
4. Add task details The next step is to take a look inside each task item. You can insert more Outlook items, file attachments, diagrams and other illustrations, as well as Quick Parts (2007-2010), hyperlinks and contact cards. You also can set your reminders to stay on top of things. You might find it useful to record the preceding and succeeding task dependencies, so you can remember to change the dates should delays occur.
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Repeat success by dragging all the completed tasks for a project into a folder. Use them again with different dates.
Also, guard against a convivial atmosphere that invites drop-ins. Some managers, for example, keep a coffee machine in their officethat may turn the room into a corporate social center. Stand up when an unannounced visitor enters. Your body language will signal that youre busy and dont have much time. Dont invite the person to sit down. You can be courteous yet firm in asking visitors to state their business right away. Learn to dismiss irrelevant interruptions. If visitors cant get their problems across in two or three sentences, they probably arent that urgent and will hold till later. Tell your staff that brevity is your policy. Use silence as a weapon. Once business has been transacted, clam up. Chitchat wastes time two waysat the beginning of a visit and at the end. Cut it off at the beginning, again by asking, Whats on your mind? Be friendly but not effusive. Use silence to close down small talk at the end. Show visitors out. Some people wont take a hint. If your visitor shows no sign of leaving, a physical gesture on your part may be the best tactic. Start walking your visitor toward the door.
when you do. Example: Id love to hear more, but this project is due in 20 minutes. Can we talk tomorrow? Dont interrupt yourself. Productivity suffers when you think, Oh, before I forget, I need to tell Bob , and dash off to find him. Or, Id better do X before I forget. Tip: Write down a task or thought that distracts you, so you can revisit it later. Once youve written it down, put it out of your head. Tell yourself: This isnt my priority right now. Thinking about it isnt productive. Get a head start. Come into work 45 minutes earlier than normal, three times a week. With a quiet office and no one to interrupt you, youll plow through your work. Bonus tip: Ask yourself, Am I able to say no to the unimportant tasks and yes to the important ones? Post this sign in your office: Whats the most important thing to do right now? First, do whats both urgent and important. Then spend as much time as possible doing important tasks that arent so urgent.
It seems like I talk with clients about the challenge of taming their calendars at least two or three times a week. In the age of interconnected scheduling systems like Outlook and the continuous push to get more done with less in any given day, more and more leaders feel like Sisyphus rolling that big rock up the never-ending hill. What the heck can you do to get your calendar back under control and have time to think, reflect, relax, connect, and have some fun and a life outside of work? I've been brainstorming that question with my clients lately. Here are five strategies we've come up with that make a difference: 1. Keep your most important objectives in mind: If youre really clear and honest with yourself, you likely have three or four big objectives that represent about 80% of what success looks like for you. Keep that list in front of you and make sure youre not spending a lot of time on things that dont further those objectives.
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2. Use the help thats available: If you have a good assistant, help them help you. Have regular conversations with your assistant about your goals so they can help prioritize requests for your time. Ask them to schedule and protect regular blocks of administrative time for you to think and catch up. Give your assistant permission to say No on your behalf. 3. Negotiate on requests for your time: For example, if your boss asks you to attend a two-day conference to wave the company flag, look for the highestimpact half-day on the agenda and negotiate to just attend that portion. Get clear with the requestor on specific desired takeaways from your participation. If there are no specific benefits, maybe you don't have to be there at all. 4. Beware of standing meetings: Don't fill up your calendar with standing meetings that you attend because you're not doing anything else. Get in the habit of asking yourself, Is this the highest and best use of my time? If youve already attended three status meetings on a project in one week, how much marginal value is there in attending a fourth? 5. Bundle meetings by location: The time it takes to travel to and from meetings is an often overlooked and insidious time suck. Don't waste time traveling back and forth to the same place multiple times a week. Reduce your cumulative travel time by bundling your meetings together by location.
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More than five yes replies indicate that you should take a second look at how well and how effectively you delegate.
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We know from experience that 80% of the hard work gets done before the meeting even begins, Michael Fors, Intels corporate employee-development manager, tells Harvard Business Communication. Were all responsible for using our time effectively, and were aware of the opportunity costs, Fors says.
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As a rule, only make decisions once. If circumstances change or new information surfaces, then reassess. But otherwise, dont dally or rely on committees to hash out something that you can resolve faster on your own.
Create your title and headings (location, date, etc.) for the top of your template.
Enter column headings, beginning with Start, End and Time (or Length). You might also wish to add columns titled Item and Presenter. Your worksheet should now look like the example below.
Select the Start, End and Time cells in the worksheets first row (cells A8, B8 and C8 in the example above). Click Cells on the Format menu. Click Time in the Category list on the Number tab.
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Click 1:30 p.m. in the Time list, and click OK, so the cells will display time entries. Click the first cell in the End column and enter this formula: =IF(ISBLANK(C8),"",A8+C8). This formula will calculate end times for each agenda item, based on how long each item will take. Click the cell in the second row of the Start column, and enter this formula: =IF(ISBLANK(B8),"",B8) Copy (or fill) the formula in cell B8 to cell B9.
Before adding formulas to subsequent rows, test the worksheet. Enter a start time in the first cell under Start. Then, enter a time value under Time. Example: If the meeting start time is 2 p.m., and the first agenda item will take 20 minutes, enter 2:00 p.m. and 0:20. You should see 2:20 p.m. appear in the End cell of the first row and in the Start cell of the second row.
Allows you to rebalance your time. You may find that one category contains many todos, while another is empty. Thats OK for a short time. But if the trend continues, its time to refocus on an area where youre lagging. Sharpens your sense of what-not-to-dos. If you notice that the list of Other 5% tasks are dominating your list, its time for action. Perhaps its time to delay some tasks. Adapted from 18 Minutes: Find Your Focus, Master Distraction and Get Things Done, Peter Bregman.
Sharpens your sense of what-not-to-dos. If you notice that the list of Other 5% 3. Use F4 to repeat your last action. Its definitely a Perhaps its Microsoft Word. Say youre tasks are dominating your list, its time for action. time-saver in time to delay some tasks. Adapted from 18 Minutes: Find Your Focus, Master Distraction and Get Things 4. Move to another page Done, Peter Bregman. quickly with the F5 key, which brings up the Go To box.
changing the font in certain areas of a document. Once you change the first section, you can highlight the next section and simply use your F4 command to copy the changes.
5. Take advantage of the shortcut power of macros. Example: You like only one space after the end of a sentence, but many documents come to you with two spaces. Create a macro to take care of that. 6. Control the appearance of text. Examples: Control + [ to decrease font size one point at a time, and Control + ] to increase font size one point at a time. 7. File away emails, once youve read them, by pressing Shift + Enter + V to pull up your Folders. Type in the first few letters of a folder name to call it up, then hit Enter. 8. Make up your own shortcuts with ShortKeys Lite. (Other similar software: AutoHotkey and Keyboard Express.) Say you have to enter the same paragraph or contract section in many documents. By assigning a shortcut key to them, you can quickly move from one document to another. 9. Lock your keyboard with Windows Key + L; minimize your screen with Windows Key + M. 10. Generate white space between paragraphs (12 pt. of spacing) in Word and Outlook by pressing Ctrl + Shift + 0 (zero).
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