Origami in Engineering and Architecture
An art spanning Mathematics, Engineering and Architecture
Dr Mark Schenk (ms652) October 25th 2012
Advanced Structures Group
Origami
Objective: introduction to Origami in mathematics, engineering and architecture. Examples from academic research and real life applications. Today - lecture (~1 hr) - workshop + presentations (~2 hrs)
Origami
origami
from Japanese for oru (fold) and kami (paper) earliest book to describe origami dates to 1682, with the classic crane dating to a 1797 book The Secret of One Thousand Cranes Origami resurgence of interest in 20th century rapid development over the last 2 decades.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jasohill/118616905/sizes/m/in/photostream/
Origami Art
Photo courtesy of Andreas Bauer
From simple
Origami Art
to advanced
Designed and folded by Robert J. Lang
Origami Art
http://www.flickr.com/photos/origamijoel/3226036918/
Joel Cooper (2008)
Origami Art : tessellations
http://www.flickr.com/photos/87477835@N00/5038642136/
Star Tessellation by Eric Gjerde
Origami Art : tessellations
http://www.flickr.com/photos/origomi/290031886/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/9874847@N03/
Origami Art : tessellations
http://www.flickr.com/photos/polyscene/2200937797/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/cambridgeuniversity-engineering/4706414628/
Origami Art : curved folding
David Huffman (1925-1999)
http://www.graficaobscura.com/huffman/index.html http://www.theiff.org/oexhibits/paper04.html http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/22/science/22orig.html
Origami Art : developments
increased model complexity crease patterns vs. linear folding instructions computer aided design of models a more fundamental understanding of the underlying mathematics of origami
Designed and folded by Robert J. Lang
Origami : Mathematics
Origami Mathematics
origami & mathematics are deeply intertwined origami foldability i.e. can a crease pattern actually be folded? surface geometry i.e. what shapes can you attain?
Origami Mathematics : foldability
Example : Miura-ori sheet
flat and rigid foldable
Origami Mathematics : flat foldability
flat foldability after folding all creases by 180, the final pattern lies in a plane
Kawasaki-Justin theorem: 1 2 + 3 4 = 0
Origami Mathematics : flat foldability
flat foldability counter example
engineering : compact stowage
Origami Mathematics : rigid foldability
rigid foldability if the pattern were made of rigid panels connected by hinges, it can be folded.
Dureisseix (2011)
engineering : deployable (or rigid) plate structures
Origami Mathematics : rigid foldability
rigid foldability counter example paper shopping bag only exists in either the collapsed or upright position.
Balkcom (2004)
Origami Mathematics : rigid foldability
a rigid-foldable shopping bag:
Wu and You (2011)
Further research: Huffman (1976), Wu and You (2010), Stachel (2009,2010), Tachi (2009)
Origami Mathematics : foldability
the unfoldable hyperbolic paraboloid
Demaine et al. (2009)
Origami Mathematics : foldability
modelling the 'unfoldable'
Dias, Dudte, Mahadevan, Santangelo (2012)
Origami Mathematics : surface geometry
surface geometry (aka, differential Geometry)
Atlas: zero Gaussian curvature
What kind of folded shapes can we attain? - assume no stretching deformations (i.e. developable)
?
Sphere: positive Gaussian curvature
Origami Mathematics : surface geometry
Atlas: zero Gaussian curvature
Sphere: positive Gaussian curvature
Origami Mathematics : surface geometry
developable surface (i.e. a sheet of paper) Gaussian curvature is invariant under bending
Origami Mathematics : surface geometry
Kilian et al. (2008)
engineering : curved surfaces from flat sheets
Origami Mathematics : surface geometry
Image courtesy of Carol M. Highsmith
Frank Gehry (1999) Walt Disney Concert Hall (Los Angeles, USA)
Summary
Origami Mathematics
be aware of certain concepts: - flat foldability - rigid foldability - surface geometry (Gaussian curvature) It is an active field of mathematics!
Origami : Engineering
Engineering Origami
Engineering Origami : application of origami to solve technical problems.
Examples from my current research (i.e. shameless self-promotion): i) Deployable Space Structures ii) Folded Meta-Materials
Engineering Origami : deployable
i) Deployable Space Structures inflatable satellite de-orbiting device large sail structure (2x2m) 3U CubeSat
3U CubeSat
2m mylar membrane
Inflatable booms
Engineering Origami : deployable
Inflatable Booms Inflatable Antenna Experiment (IAE, 1996)
L'Garde & NASA JPL (1996)
Engineering Origami : deployable
So, how do you fold an inflatable boom?
Engineering Origami : deployable
So, how do you fold an inflatable boom? rolling/coiling folding - z-fold - origami patterns conical stowage
ILC Dover (ITSAT)
Wang and Johnson (2003); NASA LaRC
Engineering Origami : deployable
Guest and Pellegrino (1994)
origami booms (1/3)
Barker and Guest (2004)
Hoberman (1993)
Engineering Origami : deployable
origami booms (2/3)
EADS Astrium
Senda et al (2006)
Engineering Origami : deployable
origami booms (3/3) - stowed volume (flat-foldable) - material deformation (rigid-foldable) - straightness of deployment
Schenk, Viquerat, Seffen and Guest (2012)
Engineering Origami : deployable
conical telescopic booms (1/2) - concentric folds - telescopic deployment
Palisoc (2004)
L'Garde, ISPSS (2005)
Engineering Origami : deployable
conical telescopic booms (2/2)
experiments
analysis
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
ii) Folded Meta-Materials Meta-Material - A synthetic composite material engineered to display properties not usually found in natural materials. fold patterns introduce kinematic properties
Schenk and Guest (2012)
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
Basic component: Miura-ori sheet
a) Folded Shell Structure b) Folded Cellular Meta-Material
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
a) meta-material : Folded Shell Structures
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
novel property : doubly-curved surface
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
novel property : negative in-plane Poissons ratio
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
novel property : positive out-of-plane Poissons ratio
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
application : morphing structures - change shape - maintain continuous surface Example: morphing wings
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
b) Folded Cellular Meta-Material - stacking of folded layers - maintains folding motion
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
novel properties: - omni-directional negative Poisson's ratio - highly anisotropic material properties
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
Folded Sandwich Panel Core - blast impact mitigation
bla im st pa ct
Schenk, Guest, McShane (2012)
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
folded sandwich panel core
- numerical simulations - core manufacture
Engineering Origami : applications
Engineering Origami : application of origami to solve technical problems. i) deployability ii) increased stiffness iii) impact absorption iv) meta-materials v) energy-efficiency
Miura-ori sheet
Engineering Origami : deployable
Lang (2003)
i) deployable structures
space telescope solar panels
Miura and Natori (1989)
Engineering Origami : deployable
i) deployable structures
solar sails
Guest (1992) Leipold et al. (2002) JAXA IKAROS (2010)
Engineering Origami : deployable
i) deployable structures
emergency shelters medical stent bio-mechanics
Kuribayashi et al. (2006)
de Temmerman (2007)
Kobayashi (1999)
Engineering Origami : deployable
most common fold pattern: Miura-ori
flat-foldable rigid-foldable
Engineering Origami : deployable
generalized Miura-ori: rigid-foldable and flat-foldable
http://www.tsg.ne.jp/TT/software/
Tachi (20092011)
Engineering Origami : deployable
rigid-foldable hyperbola
Tachi (2010)
Engineering Origami : deployable
i) deployable structures
programmable matter
Hawkes et al. (2010)
Engineering Origami : stiffness
ii) increased stiffness
architecture : folded plates
Engineering Origami : stiffness
ii) increased stiffness
folded plates
Engel (1968)
Origami Engineering : stiffness
ii) increased stiffness
sandwich panel cores
Miura (1972)
Heimbs (2007)
Rapp (1960)
Engineering Origami : impact resistance
iii) impact resistance
sandwich panel cores
Tessellated Group (2010)
Elsayed and Basily (2004)
Engineering Origami : impact resistance
Miura (1969)
iii) impact resistance
car crash boxes
Wu (2010)
Tarnai (1994)
Engineering Origami : meta-materials
iv) meta-materials
deployable cellular solids
Miura and Tachi (2010), Tachi (2011)
Engineering Origami : meta-materials
iv) meta-materials
curved corrugated shell structures
Norman (2009)
Seffen (2012)
Engineering Origami : energy efficiency
v) energy-efficient manufacturing - sheet metal bending - curved folding
Tachi and Epps (2011)
Engineering Origami : curved folding
curved folding : RoboFold
www.robofold.com
Rhino3D with Grasshopper and Kangaroo
Summary
Origami Engineering used for a wide range of technical applications: i) deployable structures ii) increased stiffness iii) impact resistance iv) meta-materials v) sheet metal folding And more applications are being developed!
Origami : Architecture
Origami Architecture : Bauhaus
Josef Albers (1927)
Origami Architecture : applications
1) folded plate roofs / faades
mechanical advantage visual appeal materiality : timber, glass, etc. approximation to curved surfaces
2) deployable architectural structures 3) transformable / kinematic architecture
Origami Architecture : folded plates
Milo Ketchum (1910-1999)
Origami Architecture : folded plates
Engel (1968)
Origami Architecture : folded plates
Engel (1968)
Origami Architecture : folded plates
Skidmore, Owings and Merill (1956) US Air Force Academy Cadet Chapel, Colorado Springs
Origami Architecture : folded plates
Miura (1969)
Coppa (1970)
Tonon (1993)
Origami Architecture : folded plates
Renzo Piano (1966) Mobile Sulphur Extraction Factory, Pomezia, Rome
Origami Architecture : foldable dome
Ron Resch (1939-2009)
Origami Architecture : Ron Resch
Origami Architecture : Ron Resch
(1960-1963)
http://www.ronresch.com
"Made with Paper Show" Nov. 1967
Origami Architecture : foldable dome
http://flickr.com/photos/72567727@N00/page2/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/elelvis/
Origami Architecture : folded plates
Foreign Office Architects (2002) Yokohama International Cruise Terminal
http://www.richardsweeney.co.uk
Origami Architecture : folded plates
St. Bridget Church Gdask, Poland
From Heavenly vaults: from Romanesque to Gothic in European architecture
Origami Architecture : folded plate
Revival of interest in folded plate structures? Recent developments timber / glass structures computer design tools free-form geometry (i.e. BLOB architecture)
Origami Architecture : timber panels
Buri et al. (2009)
Origami Architecture : timber panels
computer design tools
case study: temporary chapel of St. Loup
Buri et al. (2009)
Origami Architecture : timber panels
case study: temporary chapel of St. Loup
Origami Architecture : glass panels
Trometer et al. (2006)
Origami Architecture : glass panels
Olafur Eliasson (2007) One-way Colour Tunnel
http://flux.net/take-your-time-olafur-eliasson-new-york http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/10/view/1647/take-your-time-olafur-eliasson.html
Origami Architecture : free-form
Trautz et al. (2009)
Origami Architecture : free-form
Heinzelmann (2009)
Origami Architecture : deployable
De Temmerman (2007)
Origami Architecture : deployable
http://www.inhabitat.com/2008/10/22/origami-inspired-folding-bamboo-house-by-ming-trang/
Origami Architecture : deployable
http://www.inhabitat.com/2008/09/03/matthew-malone-recovery-shelter/
accordeon reCover shelter
Boler and Tandon (1967)
Origami Architecture : deployable
Tachi (2009)
Origami Architecture : deployable
Emilio Prez Piero (1935-1972)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wannesdeprez/466371180/
http://www.u.arizona.edu/~shunter/pinero.jpg
Origami Architecture : deployable
Daniel MacGibbon (2008)
http://designstudio5.blogspot.com/
Origami Architecture : transformable
Linstitut du Monde Arabe, Paris Jean Nouvel (1987)
http://www.archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=851
Origami Architecture : transformable
Hoberman Arch (2002) Salt Lake City, USA
Chuck Hoberman
Origami Architecture : transformable
http://www.adaptivebuildings.com
Chuck Hoberman
Iris Dome, 2000 Worlds Fair, Hannover, Germany
http://www.hoberman.com
Adaptable Sunshade, 2006 Building Center Trust, London, UK
Origami Architecture : transformable
Kiefer Technic Bad Gleichenberg Giselbrecht + Partner ZT GmbH (2007)
Origami Architecture : transformable
Hyposurface (concept)
Hyposurface Corp (2000)
http://hyposurface.org/
Origami Architecture : transformable
Robotic Membrane (concept); OrangeVoid
http://www.orangevoid.org.uk
Origami Architecture : transformable
Responsive Kinematics, John Hobart-Culleton
Origami : Summary
Summary
Origami Art
recent developments due to computational tools and improved understanding of its mathematics
Origami Mathematics
active field of mathematics be aware of some of the concepts
foldability (flat & rigid) surface geometry (Gaussian curvature)
Summary
Origami Engineering
used for a variety of applications, mainly for the design of deployable structures
Origami Architecture
folded plate structures
visual appeal / strength / deployability / materiality
kinematic architecture
very much under-explored; plenty of challenges
Origami : Workshop
Workshop
Origami Engineering
3 different assignments (limited copies of each) groups of ~5 people explore aspects of
inflatable foldable cylinders curved folding
