3/25/2009
Example Signal Flow Graph Analysis
1/6
Example: Analysis Using Signal Flow Graphs
Below is a single-port device (with input at port 1a) constructed with two two-port devices ( Sx and Sy ), a quarter wavelength transmission line, and a load impedance.
j2
= 4
Z0
Sx
Z0
Sy
L = 0 .5
port 1x (input)
port 2x
port 1y
port 2y
Where Z 0 = 50 . The scattering matrices of the two-port devices are:
0.35 0.5 Sx = 0 0.5 0 0.8 Sy = 0.8 0.4
Likewise, we know that the value of the voltage wave incident on port 1 of device Sx is:
a1x
+ V01 ( z = z1xP ) j 2 j 2 x 1x = = V 5 50 Z0
Jim Stiles
The Univ. of Kansas
Dept. of EECS
3/25/2009
Example Signal Flow Graph Analysis
2/6
Now, lets draw the complete signal flow graph of this circuit, and then reduce the graph to determine: a) The total current through load L . b) The power delivered to (i.e., absorbed by ) port 1x. The signal flow graph describing this network is:
a1x
S21x
b2x
e j
a1y
S21y
b2y
S11x
S22x S12x
e
j
S11y
S22y S12y
L
b1x
a2x
b1y
j
a2y
Inserting the numeric values of branches:
a1x = j
0.5
b2x
a1y
0.8
b2y
0.35
0.0 0.5
0.0
0.4
0. 8
b1x
0.5
a2x
b1y
a2y
Jim Stiles
The Univ. of Kansas
Dept. of EECS
3/25/2009
Example Signal Flow Graph Analysis
3/6
Removing the zero valued branches:
a1x = j
0.5
b2x
a1y
0.8
b2y
0.35
0.4
0.5
b1x
0.8
0.5
a2x
0.5
And now applying splitting rule 4:
b1y a1y
0.8
a2y b2y
a1x = j
b2x
0.35
( 0.4 ) 0.5 = 0.2
0.5
b1x
0.8
0.5
Followed by the self-loop rule 3:
a2x
b1y
a2y
0. 8 = 1. 0 1 0.2
a1x = j
0.5
b2x
a1y
b2y
0.35
b1x
0.5
0.8
0.5
a2x
b1y
The Univ. of Kansas
a2y
Dept. of EECS
Jim Stiles
3/25/2009
Example Signal Flow Graph Analysis
4/6
Now, lets used this simplified signal flow graph to find the solutions to our questions! a) The total current through load L . The total current through the load is:
I L = I ( z 2y = z 2yP )
= = =
+ V02 y ( z 2 y = z 2 yP ) V02 y ( z 2 y = z 2 yP )
a2y b2y Z0
50
Z0
b2y a2y
Thus, we need to determine the value of nodes a2y and b2y. Using the series rule 1 on our signal flow graph:
a1x = j
j 0.5
b2y
0.35
b1x
j 0.4
0.5
Note weve simply ignored (i.e., neglected to plot) the node for which we have no interest!
a2y
From this graph we can conclude:
Jim Stiles
The Univ. of Kansas
Dept. of EECS
3/25/2009
Example Signal Flow Graph Analysis
5/6
b2y = j 0.5 a1x = j 0.5
and:
j 2 = 0.1 2 5
a2y = 0.5 b2y = 0.5 0.1 2 = 0.05 2
Therefore:
IL =
b2y a2y
50
( 0.1 0.05 )
50
0.05 = 10.0 mA 5
b) The power delivered to (i.e., absorbed by ) port 1x. The power delivered to port 1x is:
Pabs = P + P
= =
+ V1x ( z1x = z1xP ) 2
2Z 0
V1x (z1x = z1xP )
2Z 0
2 Thus, we need determine the values of nodes a1x and b1x. Again using the series rule 1 on our signal flow graph:
a1x b1x
a1x = j
0.35
0.1
b1x
Jim Stiles
Again weve simply ignored (i.e., neglected to plot) the node for which we have no interest!
Dept. of EECS
The Univ. of Kansas
3/25/2009
Example Signal Flow Graph Analysis
6/6
And then using the parallel rule 2:
a1x = j
0.25 = 0.35 0.1
b1x
Therefore:
b1x = 0.25 a1x = 0.25 ( j
) = j 0.05
and:
Pabs =
2 5
j 0.05 2 2
0.08 0.005 = 37.5 mW 2
Jim Stiles
The Univ. of Kansas
Dept. of EECS
