Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL functions for lathes and milling machines
Programming coordinates and interpolation parameters XA, YA, ZA XI, Yl, Zl IA, KA Absolute input of coordinate values relative to the workpiece zero point Incremental input of coordinate values relative to the current tool position Absolute input of the interpolation parameters relative to the workpiece zero point
T-addresses for tool change T TC TR TL TZ TX Tool storage place in the tool revolver or holder Selection of the number of the offset memory Incremental tool radius or cutting edge offset in the selected offset memory Incremental tool length offset in the selected offset memory (milling) Incremental tool length offset in Z direction in the selected offset memory (turning) Incremental diameter offset in X direction in the selected offset memory (turning) Additional M-functions1' according to PAL M13 M14 Clockwise spindle rotation, coolant ON M60 M15 Counter clockwise spindle rotation, coolant ON M61 Spindle and coolant OFF M17 End of sub program Constant feed M60 + corner shaping
PAL functions for lathes
Types of interpolation GO G1 G2 G3 G4 G9 G14 G61 G62 G63 Rapid travel/motion Linear interpolation with feed rate Circular interpolation, clockwise Circular interpolation, counter clockwise Dwell time Exact stop Travel to configured tool change point Linear interpolation for contour routing Circular interpolation for contour routing, clockwise Circular interpolation for contour routing, counter clockwise
G-functions Cutter compensation G40 G41 G42 Cancel tool radius offset TRO Tool radius offset TRO to the left of the programmed contour Tool radius offset TRO to the right of the programmed contour Feeds and speeds G92 G94 G95 G96 G97 Rotational speed limitation Feed in mm per minute Feed in mm per revolution Constant cutting speed Constant rotational speed
Reference points G50 Cancellation of incremental zero point shift and rotations G53 G54G57 G59 Cancellation of all zero point shifts and rotations Adjustable absolute zero points
Program features G22 G23 G29 Cycles G31 G32 G33 G80 Thread cycle Tapping cycle Thread chasing cycle Completion of a machining cycle contour description Longitudinal rough-turning cycle Rough facing cycle Rough-turning cycle parallel to the contour Drilling cycle Undercut cycle Radial grooving cycle Radial contour cutting cycle Axial grooving cycle Axial contour cutting cycle Call sub program Repeat program section Conditional jumps
Incremental Cartesian zero point shift and rotation Machining planes and rechucking Selection of the plane of rotation Face machining planes Shell surface/segment surface machining planes Rechucking/opposed spindle takeover
G18 G17 G19 G30
G81 G82 G83 G84 G85 G86 G87 G88 G89
Dimensions G70 G71 G90 G91 Inch input confirmation Metric input confirmation (mm) Absolute dimensions Input of incremental dimensions
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
G-functions for lathes
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for lathes
G31 Thread cycle
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL functions for milling machines
G-functions Types of interpolation, contours GO G1 G2 G3 G4 G9 G10 G11 G12 G13 G45 G46 G47 G48 Rapid motion Linear interpolation with feed rate Circular interpolation, clockwise Circular interpolation, counter clockwise Dwell time Exact stop Rapid motion in polar coordinates Linear interpolation with polar coordinates Circular interpolation with polar coordinates, clockwise Circular interpolation with polar coordinates, counter clockwise Linear tangential approach to a contour Linear tangential retraction from a contour Tangential approach to a contour in a quarter circle Tangential retraction from a contour in a quarter circle G61 G62 G63 Linear interpolation for contour routing Circular interpolation for contour routing, clockwise Circular interpolation for contour routing, counter clockwise G36 G37 G38 G80 G39 G34 G35 Start-up of the contour pocket cycle Rough-machining technology of the contour pocket cycle Residual material technology of the contour pocket cycle Finishing technology of the contour pocket cycle Contour description of the contour pocket cycle Completion of the G38 cycle Call contour pocket cycle with material removal either parallel to the contour or in meanders G72 G73 G74 G75 G81 G82 G83 G84 G85 G86 G87 G88 G89 G76 Inch input confirmation Metric input confirmation (mm) Input of absolute dimensions Input of incremental dimensions G77 G78 G79 Rectangular pocket milling cycle Circular pocket and spigot milling cycle Slot milling cycle Circular slot milling cycle Drilling cycle Deep drilling cycle with pecking Deep drilling cycle with pecking and full retraction Tapping cycle Reaming cycle Boring cycle Plunge milling cycle Internal thread milling cycle External thread milling cycle Multiple cycle call on a straight line (line of holes) Multiple cycle call on a pitch circle (line of holes) Cycle call at a particular point (polar coordinates) Cycle call at a particular point (Cartesian coordinates) Tool offsets G40 G41G42 Cancel cutter compensation Cutter compensation left Cutter compensation right
Feeds and speeds G94 G95 G96 G97 Feed in mm per minute Feed in mm per revolution Constant cutting speed Constant spindle speed
Program features G22 G23 G29 Call sub program Repeat program section Conditional jumps
Fixed cycles
Reference points, rotation, mirror images, scaling G50 Cancellation of the incremental zero point shift and rotations G53 Cancellation of all zero point shifts and rotations G54G57 G58 Adjustable absolut zero points Incremental zero point shift, polar and rotation G59 Incremental Cartesian zero point shift and rotation G66 G67 Mirror image across the X or Y axis, mirror image off Scaling (enlarging or reducing or cancellation)
Plane selection, dimensions G17G19 G70 G71 G90 G91 Plane selection, 2V2 D processing
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G 1
Linear interpolation with feed rate
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL functions for milling machines
G4 5 Linear tangential approach to the contour G46 Linear tangential retraction from the contour
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G81 Drilling cycle
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G86 Boring cycle
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G72 Rectangular pocket milling cycle
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
Program structure with CNC machines according to PAL
PAL functions for milling machines
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G62/G63 Circular interpolation for contour routing
