EPS Overview

E-UTRAN + EPC = EPS (Evolved Packet System) E-UTRAN: Evolved RAN EPC: Evolved CN for E-UTRAN, UTRAN/GERAN and non-3GPP access

Signalling / Control Plane (GSM/UMTS/EPS) Traffic/ User Plane (GSM/UMTS/EPS)

23.401 (23.402) 36.300

Not really part of EPS

CS Domain TDMA GERAN

BTS NB MSC GMSC
PSTN/ GSM/UMTS

W-CDMA

BSC RNC UTRAN

Iu/Gb

SGSN

GGSN

PS Domain
PDP Context
Mobility Security (e.g. Authentication) Bearer Mgmt

Co-located with PGW? Same? Subscriber database Provides QoS and charging rules

Mobility between E-UTRAN and GERAN/UTRAN supported

VPLMN

HPLMN

OFDM downlink SC-FDMA uplink

eNB

Radio Base Station Radio Resource Mgmt

MME EPS Bearer SGW

HSS PCRF
PDN Packet Data Network IMS / Internet

PGW

UE
IETF mobility solutions supported

E-UTRAN
QoS aware packet routing UP anchor:E-UTRAN 2G / 3G

EPC

QoS aware packet routing User IP-address allocation Policy Enforcement Point

Non-3GPP IP-access WLAN WiMAX cdma 2000

System Characteristics e.g.

- simplified all-IP network architecture - everything over IP, also real-time services like voice - peak DL data rates min 100 Mb/s - System bandwidth: 1,4 up to 20 MHz - many possible frequency bands (todays GSM, UMTS, others) - same Core Network for many RANs - Service continuity to CS domain - Support for fixed, nomadic and mobile terminals
3GPP BSC CP CN CS DL eNB EPC EPS E-UTRAN FDMA FFS GERAN GGSN HSS HPLMN IETF IMS LA LTE MIP MME MS MSC 3rd Generation Partnership Project Base Station Controller Control Plane Core Network Circuit Switched Downlink Evolved NodeB Evolved Packet Core Evolved Packet System Evolved UTRAN Frequency Division Multiple Access For Further Study GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network Gateway GPRS Support Node Home Subscriber Server Home PLMN Internet Engineering Task Force IP Multimedia Subsystem Location Area Long Term Evolution Mobile IP Mobility Management Entity Mobile Station Mobile Services Switching Centre NB OFDM PDN PCRF PGW PLMN PS PSTN QoS RA RAN RAT RNC SAE SC-FDMA SGSN SGW TA TDMA UE UL UP UTRAN VPLMN NodeB Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Packet Data Network Policy and Charging Rules Function Packet Data Network Gateway Public Land Mobile Network Packet Switched Public Switched Telephone Network Quality of Service Routing Area Radio Access Network Radio Access Technology Radio Network Controller System Architecture Evolution Single Carrier FDMA Serving GPRS Support Node Serving Gateway Tracking Area Time Division Multiple Access User Equipment Uplink User Plane Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Visited PLMN

LEO_SF_01_100601

E-UTRAN properties Shared channels only TTI = 1 ms QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM MIMO (2 or 4 antennas) System Bw: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz Both FDD and TDD modes

E-UTRAN
36.300, 36.xxx
Theoretical max: 325 Mb/s DL 85 Mb/s UL
eNB MME

For femtocells Self-organizing node Closed Subscriber Groups (CSG) Mobility with macro-layer Owned by subscriber / company Remote operator control (power, QoS, status)

R
eNB

IP Backbone Network IP Cloud

R
SGW

Radio Tx and Rx
Radio Resource Management (RRM) Handover decisions and execution

eNB self-optimization
Use UE measurements to: - optimize neighbour lists - optimize handover algorithms Home eNB

OFDM
eNB

EPC
MME UE context:
MME

SC - FDMA Handover management Load / Interference control Auto-configuration of: - X2-connections - neighbour relations

X2-C

S1-MME X2-U User data forwarding at handover

- UE ctx setup - Bearer mgmt - Handovers - Paging S11

Signalling Radio Bearers (SRB) Data Radio Bearers (DRB) Connected UE UE Identities: USIM id: IMSI EPC id: GUTI E-UTRAN id: RNTI Appl id: IP-address S1-U
eNB

SGW UE context:

SGW

PGW

S5/8 S1 Tunnel eNB UE context: UE Identity (RNTI+S1AP UE id)) UE Capabilities MME IP-address SGW IP-address & TEID QoS for bearers

EPS Bearer = Radio Bearer + S1 Tunnel + S5/8 Tunnel

AS CP C-RNTI CN Ctx DL eNB EPC EPS E-UTRAN FDD GUTI IMSI MME OFDM PGW Access Stratum Control Plane Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity Core Network Context Downlink Evolved NodeB Evolved Packet Core Evolved Packet System Evolved UTRAN Frequency Division Duplex Globally Unique Temporary Identity International Mobile Subscriber Identity Mobility Management Entity Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Packet Data Network Gateway QAM QoS QPSK R RAN RNTI S1-AP SC-FDMA SGW TDD TEID TTI UE UL UP USIM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Quality of Service Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Router Radio Access Network Radio Network Temporary Identity S1 Application Protocol Single Carrier FDMA Serving Gateway Time Division Duplex Tunnel Endpoint Identifier Transmission Time Interval User Equipment Uplink User Plane Universal SIM

LEO_SF_02_100601

OFDM Basics
for E-UTRAN
N =72 for 1,4 MHz N= 1200 for 20 MHz N Subcarriers OFDM symbols Rate = 1 / T

Transmission Side Tx eNB

Time Domain

Reception Side Rx UE
OFDM symbols

Modulation Symbols Rate = N / T

RF Bw loss: 3-25% [LTE: 6.7-20%]

E-UTRAN carrier

RF
E-UTRAN carrier

aN

S ,a2 ,a1 P

From coding & modulation [LTE: Turbo, QPSK/QAM]

I F F T

Add CP

TCP T CP OFDM

CP

OFDM

Remove CP

F F T

aN , ,a2 ,a1
To de-coding -modulation

OFDM Signal Creation (IFFT)

OFDM Signal Detection (FFT) Frequency Domain Sub-carrier spacing = f = 1 T

a1 f1 a2 .. aN fN f2

A1
A2 One OFDM symbol
Each symbol contains all subcarriers

a1 f1
OFDM

a2

.. f2

..

AN

aN
Sampled at centre, where other signals = 0

fN over k paths
Multipath Input to FFT FFT input window

FFT integrates energy

Modulation symbols Change amplitude & phase of subcarriers

+ + + -

OFDM Characteristics: Robust against frequency selective (multipath) fading Robust against inter-symbol interference Allows high spectral efficiency (due to fq-dependent scheduling) Sensitive to Doppler shift & frequency synch errors High PAPR (inefficient power usage)

Path 1 CP OFDM Path k Path m

CP FDMA FFT IFFT OFDM P/S PAPR Cyclic Prefix Frequency Division Multiple Access Fast Fourier Transform Inverse Fast Fourier Transform Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Parallell to Serial Peak to Average Power Ratio QAM QPSK RF SC-FDMA S/P UE UP Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Radio Frequency Single Carrier FDMA Serial to Parallell User Equipment User Plane

LEO_SF_03_100601

UE

MME eNB

E-UTRAN Layer 2 and 3

PDCP: 36.323 RLC: 36.322 MAC: 36.321
NAS: 24.301 RRC: 36.331

NAS Control Plane RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY

Uu

NAS S1AP SCTP IP L1/L2

S1-MME

RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY

S1AP SCTP IP L1/L2

Layer 2 Protocols
reliable transport of L3 signalling/user data resource optimization security functions

Layer 3 Protocols
EMM: mobility & security procedures ESM: default & dedicated bearer mgmt RRC: radio related signalling

= NAS

UE

SGW eNB

IP User Plane PDCP RLC MAC PHY

Uu

PDCP GTP-U RLC MAC PHY UDP IP L1/L2

S1-U

GTP-U UDP IP PHY

Layer 3 Signalling: Incoming data to Idle UE

Ciph & integrity by PDCP Has Default Bearer ECM Idle RRC Idle RRC Signalling
UE

NAS Signalling Ciphering & integrity check by NAS

MME

Layer 2 Functions
CP (RRC) UP (IP)

System Information

DL Data Notification
Paging Random Access RRC Connection Establishment Paging from SGW

PDCP:

Integrity check Ciphering

Header Compression Ciphering

RLC Modes: Acknowledged Un-acknowledged Transparent SRB 1 configured

PDCP PDUs RLC:

S1AP carries NAS msgs

Segmentation/ concatenation Re-Tx (ARQ)

RLC PDUs

EMM: Service Request

RRC carries NAS msgs RRC Connection Reconfiguration EMM: Authentication Initial Context Setup

MAC:

Scheduling Multiplexing Re-Tx (HARQ)

Transport Blocks

Prioritisation: Signalling vs data Data vs data Select Transport Format (bits per Transport Block) Adding protection (extra bits)

DRB configured

User Data on Default Bearer (On Data Radio Bearer) (In S1-Tunnel)

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Measurement Report

Channel coding PHY (L1): Modulation OFDM

eNB instructs UE to measure and report Periodic or Event triggered

LEO_SF_04_100601

AM ARQ CP EMM ESM E-RAB HARQ MAC MME NAS PDU DRB PHY

Acknowledged Mode Automatic Repeat Request Control Plane EPS Mobility Management EPS Session Management EPS Radio Access Bearer Hybrid ARQ Medium Access Control Mobility Management Entity Non Access Stratum Protocol Data Unit Data Radio Bearer The Physical Layer

PDCP QoS RLC ROHC RRC RRM S1 AP SCTP SRB SGW TM UM UP

Packet Data Convergence Protocol Quality of Service Radio Link Control Robust Header Compression Radio Resouce Control Radio Resource Management S1 Application Protocol Stream Control Transport Protocol Signalling Radio Bearer Serving Gateway Transparent Mode Unacknowledged Mode User Plane

E-UTRAN Physical Channels

RRC RLC MAC PHY IP

Downlink
PBCH: System Info PDSCH: Paging RRC Signalling User Data Sys Info PDCCH: Scheduling Assignments PCFICH: Size of PDCCH PHICH: ACK/NACK for UL Data
eNB RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY

Physical Channels:
Mapped into frequency/time grid!
Fq Domain: 72 1200 Sub-Carriers One PRB: 12 subcarriers 0,5 ms

PDCP

RRC RLC MAC PHY

IP

PDCP

RRC RLC MAC PHY

IP

PDCP

Time Domain: OFDM symbols, subframe (1 ms) radioframe (10 ms)

Physical Signals
a set of resource elements not carrying information from higher layers Downlink: Reference Signals (RS) known by UEs, for channel estimation Synchronization Signals (SS) slot and frame synch + cell id
RRC PDCP RLC

RRC RLC MAC PHY

IP

Uplink
PRACH: Random Access

PDCP

PUSCH; RRC Signalling User Data

RRC RLC MAC PHY IP PDCP

MAC PHY

eNB

PUCCH: Scheduling Requests, ACK/NACK for DL data

eNB

Uplink: Demodulation Reference Signals UE specific (based on RNTI) Sent as part of PUSCH/PUCCH Sounding Reference Signal UE specific (based on RNTI) used by eNB to schedule UL PRB:s

LEO_SF_05.1_100601

MAC PBCH PDCCH PCFICH PDCP PDSCH PHICH

Medium Access Control Physical Broadcast Channel Physical Downlink Control Channel Phisical Control Format Indication Channel Packet Data Convergence Protocol Physical Downlink Shared Channel Physical Hybrid ARQ Channel

PRACH PRB PUSCH PUCCH RLC RRC TTI

Physical Random Access Indication Channel Physical Resource Block Physical Uplink Shared Channel Physical Uplink Control Channel Radio Link Control Radio Resource Control Transmission Time Interval

Quality variations: short term (due to e.g. fading) long term (due to e.g location)
Quality (for resource block x)

Radio Resource Sharing

Downlink
Other short / long term quality variation pattern Closer to eNB Better average quality

Y
time

Scheduling Function in eNB priority between Log Ch for one UE (contol, data, RT/NRT, buffers etc) modulation & coding selected (HARQ for error free delivery) priority between all UEs physical resource blocks (PRBs) allocated to users per TTI implementation dependent, but UE interaction standardized

Downlink Allocation (PDCCH)

Quality (at time=t)
Resource block

User Data and Reference Signal (PDSCH) ACK/NACK and CQI Reports (PUCCH)

Data buffered in eNB

Data for X

eNB
fq

Data for Y Data for Z

Note: if UE moves at high speed CQI feedback gets outdated

Web browsing Non real-time non GBR

VoIP real-time GBR

DL output power is constant

UPLINK
eNB to eNB interference control/coordination using X2
eNB

Scheduling Principles: Round Robin: x, y, z, x, y, z, -> not maximized throughput Max C/I: schedule user with best channel -> max throughput, but unfair Proportional /Fair: short term channel quality exploted, butmaintaining long term user data rate LWDF: like P/F bt adding priority and delay for packet in buffer

12 Sub-Carriers

Scheduling Request (PUCCH or PUSCH) with Buffer Status Report

Data in UE

Sounding Reference Signal* (L1)

Uplink Grant (MAC) (PDCCH) User Data and Demodulation Ref. Signal(PUSCH) ACK/NACK (PHICH)
eNB

Note 1: Scheduling may depend on if cell is loaded or unloaded Note 2: Persistent Scheduling possible: UE gets re-occuring resource (e.g. for real time service)
BSR DRX DTX C/I CQI GBR LWDF HARQ MAC PHR PRB QoS SR TTI Buffer Status Report Discontinous Reception Discontinous Transmission Carrier to Interference Channel Quality Indicator Guaranteed bit rate Largest Weighted Delay First Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Medium Access Control Power Headroom Report Physical Resource Block Quality of Service Scheduling Request Transmission Time Interval

UE output power may be limiting factor

eNB does not have full info on buffers in UE:s delay between UL request and actual Tx SC-FDMA -> adjacent resource blocks used *) requested by eNB, sent over larger bandwidth

One Sub-Frame (1 ms)

LEO_SF_05.2_100601

Coverage Scenario
UTRAN/GERAN E-UTRAN
WLAN WLAN

EPC the Evolved Packet Core

23.401 (23.402)
E-UTRAN CS Domain MSC S4 SGSN (Rel 8+): Sometimes considered to be part of EPC SGSN Mobility mgmnt Security (EPS AKA) Bearer Mgmnt Selects SGW & PGW Stores UE Context S3 S6d
Signalling / Control Plane (GPRS/UMTS/EPS) Traffic/ User Plane

Possible Implementations
SGW PGW Combined GW

GERAN
BTS NB

BSC RNC UTRAN

Iu/Gb

MME SGW PGW

S4

Inter-RAT Mobility: TA/RA Updates when UE is Idle PS Handover/Cell Change when UE in Connected Interworking with CS Domain for real time voice/video (CS Fallback and SRVCC)

3GPP Subscriber database

VPLMN

HPLMN
SGi

PDN e.g. Internet

S12

MME S6a

HSS

Provides QoS and charging rules

Gx PCRF Rx CSCF

S1
IMSI GUTI

S11 S1 Tunnel SGW S5/S8 Tunnel S5 (S8)

eNB

PGW SGi

IETF mobility solutions supported: e.g. MIP tunnel UE PGW

E-UTRAN

QoS aware packet routing UP anchor: E-UTRAN 2G / 3G Stores UE Context

IMS S2
QoS aware packet routing User IP-address allocation + IP config. Stores UE Context Policy enforcement Packet filtering (e.g. Deep inspection) UP anchor: E-UTRAN Non 3GPP

Non-3GPP IP-access

LEO_SF_06.1_090701

CP CS CSCF eNB EMM EPC EPS ESM E-UTRAN GERAN GGSN GUTI

Control Plane Circuit Switched Call Session Control Function Evolved NodeB EPS Mobility Management Evolved Packet Core Evolved Packet System EPS Session Management Evolved UTRAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network Gateway GPRS Support Node Globally Unique Temporary Id

HSS IMS IMSI LTE MIP MME MSC NB PDN PCRF PGW PS

Home Subscriber Server IP Multimedia Subsystem International Mobile Subscriber Id Long Term Evolution Mobile IP Mobility Management Entity Mobile Switching Center NodeB Packet Data Network Policy and Charging Rules Function Packet Data Network Gateway Packet Switched

QoS RA RAN RAT SAE SGSN SGW TA TMSI UE UTRAN WLAN

Quality of Service Routing Area Radio Access Network Radio Access Technology System Architecture Evolution Serving GPRS Support Node Serving Gateway Tracking Area Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity User Equipment Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Wireless LAN

EPC Protocols S1AP, GTP and DIAMETER

NAS
MME S1-MME eNB S1-U S11

DIAMETER
HSS S6a

DIAMETER (RFC 6733, 29.230)

Provides AAA framework (next generation RADIUS) RFC 6733 gives Platform and basic Applications

GTP-C
PGW S5 (S8)

SGW

GTP-U

GTP-C & GTP-U

Node X e.g. MME Node Y e.g. HSS

S1AP S1 Application Protocol (36.413)

Non-UE related procedures eNB and MME configuration load control, error handling etc. UE related procedures Establish, modify and release UE ctx in eNB Est, mod, rel resources for user plane (Radio Bearer + S1-Tunnel) Paging Handover related signalling Location Reporting (eNB reports UEs loc.) Transport of NAS messages

GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol (29.274 & 29.281)

XX Request AVP A, AVP B, ...

XX Answer AVP C, AVP D, ...

GTP-C Session & Mobility Mgmt related Signalling (GTPv2 is used)

GTP-U Encapsulation and Tunnelling of User data GTPv1 is used)

eNB
IP IP TEID

SGW

IP
IP source = eNB IP dest = SGW

Messages are called Commands Info transferred in Attribute Value Pairs Example: attribute: subscriber id AVP value: IMSI DIAMETER can be extended: new Applications, Commands & AVPs can be created!

IP source = UE identifies a Tunnel endpoint (uni-directional data flow for a UE) TEID set by GTP-C Use TEID = 3 GTP Node X e.g. SGW Bi-directional GTP-U Tunnel
LEO_SF_06.2_100601

TEID = 3 Use TEID = 14 TEID = 14 TEID = 3

GTP Node Y e.g. PGW

AAA AVP Ctx E-RAB HSS MME NAS PGW RADIUS SGW TEID Authentication Authorization Accounting Attribute Value Pair Context EPS Radio Access Bearer Home Subscriber Server Mobility Management Enitity Non Access Stratum Packet Data Network Gateway Remote Access Dial In User Service Serving Gateway Tunnel Endpoint Identifier

GUMMEI S-TMSI MMEI

EPS Mobility
M-TMSI (32)

MME, SGW and PGW Selection:

eNB selects MME based on e.g.load sharing, MME Capacity and UE id MME selects SGW based on e.g. UE location, configuration and DNS query MME selects PGW based on e.g. APN, UE sub data and DNS query

GUTI:

MCC

MNC

MMEGI (16)

MMEC (8)

23.401 24.301

UE in IDLE mode
A) UE makes cell reselection inside TA No further actions

MME Pool Area 1

TA 1
UE

has MME code (MMEC)

MME 1 MME 2

MME Group 1 (has MMEGI)

HSS

Knows MME for Registered UE

S1-MME

S11

PGW SGW PGW

S5/S8 S1-U S10

For PDN#2

B) UE moves into new TA in new Pool Area TA UPDATE procedure eNB selects new MME UE Ctx moved between MME:s over S10 HSS update SGW change - if needed TAU ACCEPT may have list: e.g. TA3, TA4 Note; TA lists are in a per user basis!

A)
TA 2

For PDN#1

May also work in Pool

At B)

B)
UE

MME 3 MME 4

TA 3 C) C) UE moves into new TA in list No TA UPDATE Required ...but Paging in all TA:s in list for incoming data
UE also keeps a forbidden TA list
UE

MME Group 2

TA 4

SGW

TA 5

UE in CONNECTED mode
TA5 Shopping Area

TA3 Housing Area

TA4 Work Area

Pool Area 2

MME Pool Area 2

eNB Handover Decision by source eNB S1-U & S1-MME to target eNB

xxxxx

MME
S1-MME

X2

West Suburb Pool Area X

Citycentre

eNB
East Suburb Pool Area Y
Ctx GUMMEI GUTI HSS ISR MCC MNC MME MMEC context Globally Unique MME Identifier Globally Unique Temporary Identity Home Subscriber Server Idle Mode Signaling Reduction Mobile Country Code Mobile Network Code Mobility Management Enitity MME Code

SGW
S1-U

MMEI MMEGI M-TMSI NAS PGW SGW TMSI TA

MME Identity MME Group Identity MME-TMSI Non Access Stratum Packet Data Network Gateway Serving Gateway Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity Tracking Area

LEO_SF_07_090701

Interworking with other RAT:s

GERAN/UTRAN and non-3GPP Access
SRVCC PS -> CS domain transfer of ongoing call IMS-based R8 service Call is anchored in IMS (SCC AS) at call set up Sv Interface MME - MSC The Voice Call Problem(s) If real time VoIP not supported in target system If there is no IMS

23.401, 23.402

Fallback to CS (TS 23.272): Voice/video call moved to CS domain after paging, before call set up. MSC R8 with SGs interface to MME
CS PSTN/PLMN

GERAN
BTS NB BSC RNC

MSC
Sv (for SRVCC) Iu/Gb SGs (for CS fallback)

UTRAN
UE in IDLE Mode: Cell reselection based on: Radio conditions e.g. Signal strength System Info broadcast from nw (e.g. priorities) UE specific parameters Routing Area Update UE sends RAU Request to new SGSN UEs capabilities and ctx:s MME ->SGSN Some parameters need translation e.g. KASME -> IK CK Option: Dual Registration and ISR UE in CONNECETED Mode: Handover to UTRAN/GERAN
S12 UE sends Measurement Report to eNB eNB makes handover decision eNB sends Handover Required to MME UE ctx MME -> SGSN (Forward Relocation) SGSN maps EPS QoS -> PDP cxt QoS (1 to 1) and sends to UTRAN/GERAN eNB (transparently) sends target cell id, UE capabilites and SRB/DRB config to target system target system returns Handover Command New UP tunnel via S4, or S12 (Direct Tunnel) PGW informed if charging /QoS is affected

SGSN

S3

MME

XXXX XX
S11

S4 S6d

S6a

HSS

S5/S8

eNB
S1

XXXX

SGW UP anchor: E-UTRAN

PGW 2G / 3G
S2

IMS/Internet
S2

Interworking with non-3GPP Access

WLAN, WiMAX, cdma2000 Issues: Network Discovery and Selection ->ANDSF in HNW Security (authentication etc) -> 3GPP AAA server Mobility / Session continuity? -> e.g. Mobile IP (IETF)
Non 3GPP Access

ePDG For non-trusted non 3GPP access

UP anchor: E-UTRAN

Non-3GPP

Trusted or Non-trusted

E,g, owned by EPS

operator Pre-established secure links to EPC
LEO_SF_08_100601

IPsec UE to ePDG

AAA AKA ANDSF CP CS ctx ePDG GERAN HO HSS IMS ISC ISR

Authentication, Authorization and Accounting Authentication and Key Agreement Access Network Discovery and Selection Function Control Plane Circuit Switched context evolved Packet Data Gateway GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network Handover Home Subscriber Server IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS Session Continuity Idle Mode Signalling Reduction

MME MSC PDN PDP PGW RA RAT SGSN SGW SR VCC TA UP UTRAN VoIP

Mobility Management Entity Mobile Switching Center Packet Data Network Packet Data Protocol PDN Gateway Routing Area Radio Access Technology Serving GPRS Support Node Serving Gateway Single Radio Voice Call Continuity Tracking Area User Plane Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Voice over IP

IMS Architecture
TS 23.218, 23.221, 23.228, (24.228) 24.229 HLR + AuC functionality Holds IMS subscriber profiles HSS Executes Service logic Alices Home NW Bobs Home NW S-CSCF (in Home NW) Registrar, Location Service & SIP Proxy Controls Calls / Sessions Subscriber profiles downloaded from HSS I-CSCF (in Home NW) Assigns S-CSCF to user (at Registration) Finds the S-CSCF at Invite (asks HSS) P-CSCF (in Visited NW) The UEs contact point to IMS Implements VNW policies IP-CAN
PCRF
GX

SIP (ISUP) DIAMETER H.248 IMS User Plane

AS

AS HSS

PCC Rules (QoS, Charging)

RX

Call Session Control Function S-CSCF I-CSCF P-CSCF

S-CSCF

I-CSCF

IP Networks with QoS

P-CSCF

Bobs Visited NW

EPS

On default bearer
On dedicated bearer Alice

PGW

SIP (and SDP) Media/RTP/UDP/IP

SIP from S-CSCF

PSTN Breakout
Converts SIP to ISUP
SIP

Protocol stack in PGW

Coded Media

Selects breakout point BGCF

SIP Methods (RFC 3261) REGISTER INVITE ACK BYE CANCEL OPTIONS

MGCF
H.248

ISUP

PSTN

SIP TCP IP GTP-U UDP

RTCP UDP

RTP

Audio/RTP/UDP/IP

IMS-MGW

64 kb/s PCM

Media Manipulation e.g. transcoding

L1/L2

IP L1/l2

LEO_SF_09_100601

AS BGCF CS CSCF EPS HNW HSS I-CSCF IETF IM IMPI IMPU IMS ISIM

Application Server Breakout Gateway Control Function Circuit Switched Call Session Control Function Evolved Packet System Home Network Home Subscriber Server Interrogating CSCF Internet Engineering Task Force IP Multimedia IMS Private User Identity IMS Public User Identity IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS SIM

MGCF MGW P-CSCF PCRF PS RFC RTP RTCP S-CSCF SDP SIP SLF UE VNW

Media Gateway Control Function Media Gateway Proxy CSCF Policy and Charging Rules Function Packet Switched Request For Comments (IETF Document) Real-Time Transport Protocol RTP Control Protocol Serving CSCF Session Description Protocol Session Initiation Protocol Subscription Location Function User Equipment Visited Network

Policy and Charging Control - PCC

TS 23.203
H-PCRF (S-CSCF)

Control plane, Service level (SIP) Control Plane, EPS Bearer level User Plane DIAMETER

Policy and Charging Control Making decisions about QoS and charging based on: subscriber info requested service network conditions (e.g. available resources) operator policies Can be applied to any 3GPP and non 3GPP IP-CAN

In roaming scenario, for Local Breakout

S9 V-PCRF

AF

Node that uses PCC, e.g. P-CSCF, IP-TV server or 3rd party server
Rx Sp FFS

E-UTRAN

MME
On Default Bearer
UE

PCRF Creates PCC Rules based on info from: AF (Rx) SPR PCEF (Gx) Pre-configured info

SPR

Holds QoS info for Subscribers (HSS if 3GPP)

PCRF

OFCS
Gz (32.240)

Gx

OCS
Gy (32.251)

Note: There may be several OCS and OFCS in a PLMN

SGW
On Dedicated Bearer

SIP with SDP Media over IP

P C PGW E F

PDN GRX?/IRX?

Some IP-CAN

Policy Control QoS control providing PCEF with Authorized QoS for each SDF Gating Control allowing /blocking packets (per SDF)

PCC Rules
PCC Rule #1 Traffic: X Charging: R QoS: A

PCEF (can be served by more than one PCRF node) Service data flow detection Located in Gateway (PGW in EPS) User plane handling (e.g. gating, filtering, QoS handling) Measuring data volumes etc Event reporting to PCRF and charging systems
PCEF Rule 1
Tr: Q

Charging Control Associating packets in a SDF to a charging key, and Applying online or offline charging Flow Based Charging Shall support following charging models: Volume- and/or time based Event based No charging

Each PCC rule contains a SDF Template with SDF filter(s) Filter is applicable UL and/or DL.

Rule 2

Tr: X Tr: Y

UL packet

Rule n

DL packets

PCC rules can be : Dynamic Prefefined (in PCEF)

Packets are matched against the rules DL: correct bearer selected UL: correct bearer usage is ensured + e.g. DSCP marking
AF BBF CSCF E2E ERF GRX HSS IP-CAN IRX OCS OFCS Application Function Bearer Binding Function Call Session Control Function End-to-end Event Reporting Function GPRS Roaming Exchange Home Subscriber Server IP Connectivity Access Network IMS Roaming Exchange Online Charging System Offline Charging System P-CSCF PCC PCEF PCRF PDG QoS NW SDF SPR UE Proxy CSCF Policy and Charging Control Policy and Charging Enforcement Function Policy and Charging Resource Function Packet Data Gateway Quality of Service Network Service Data Flow Subscriber Profile Repository User Equipment

Shared revenue services shall be supported! Location based charging shall be supported (e.g for CSG cells at home cells)

LEO_SF_10_100101