The Essential Guide

to Mobile App Testing

Tips, techniques & trends for developing,
testing and launching mobile applications
that delight your users
A Free Book from uTest


Introduction...............3

The Mobile Boom....................................................................4
Whats at Stake............................................5
Why Failing Hurts.....................................6

The Mobile Boom: Facts and Figures......................................7
Why Its Tough: The Soaring Expectations of Users .8
Why Failing Hurts ... 9

Common Issues in Mobile App Quality ...........11

The Increasingly Complex Testing Matrix...........20
Device Fragmentation..........21
OS Fragmentation .22

The Mobile Web Invasion.................24
The Rise of Mobile Web ..25
Testing Considerations and Differences ...26

Achieving Testing Coverage...............31
Conquering the Testing Matrix ...32
Testing Options .... 33
Emulators & Simulators ...... 34
From Surviving to Thriving: Advice for QA Leaders ... 35

5 Things You Ought to Know .... 36
For QA & Test Leaders ... 37
For Developers & Engineering Leaders ... 38
For Product Managers & Marketing Leaders... 39
For Executives & Biz Leaders.... 40

Tips, Tricks and Other Resources .....41

Conclusion ...... 46
Table of Contents
The Essential Guide to Mobile App Testing
2
Introduction: Youve Developed a Mobile AppNow What?
By the time you finish reading this, the mobile app landscape will have changed.
New OS versions will have been released. A bunch of new devices will have hit
the market. Cool new apps will have gone viral, altered the way we interact with
the world around us, and sold for millions. And mobile app testing will have
become that much more complex and challenging for all of us.
Discouraged? Dont be. Despite the ever-changing mobile landscape, there are
some constants in the realm of mobile app quality and many of them can be
found in the following pages.
Designed to help orgs of all sizes from ten-person startups to dev agencies to
in-house teams at global brands this eBook will dispel some common myths
about mobile app testing and outline several proven strategies to help you deal
with mobiles exhaustive test matrix. Additional topics include:
Most Common Testing Challenges: What are the most frequent hang-ups
in terms of functionality, design, security and localization? Well share them
and give tips on how to avoid these pitfalls throughout the dev process.
Mobile Web vs. Native Apps: Theyre both mobile, but the testing
challenges of native apps are entirely different from those of mobile web.
Well explain which route is easier from a testing perspective.
Testing Coverage: Before you can achieve thorough testing coverage,
youll need to know what the testing matrix actually looks like. Well cover
the basics of OS, device maker, carrier and other areas.
Tips and Tricks: Get some helpful advice on obtaining quality crash
reports, using screenshot and video capture tools, as well as other tips and
tricks of mobile app testing.
Ready to learn more? Lets get started


3 Introduction
INTRODUCTION:
THE MOBILE APP BOOM
4
Whats at Stake?
By now, the mobile boom should be obvious to just about everyone (below are some hard numbers for those who need
a bit more convincing). What this means is that smartphones are rapidly becoming the primary method of interaction for
consumers and businesses worldwide. So whats at stake? Just the future of your business
3 The Mobile App Boom
Fun Fact: By 2015, International Data Corporation (IDC) predicts that
182.7 billion mobile apps will be downloaded. Thats a 1600% increase
from the 10.7 billion apps downloaded in 2010. (source)
377,900 |hones are so|d every day around the wor|d U.S. Smartphone enetrat|on
The Mobile Boom
The explosion of consumer apps can be seen in just about every
industry, but here are a few of the more notable ones:
Retail: Location-intelligent mobile commerce
Media: Magazines & newspapers going 100% digital
Travel: Mobile bookings, check-ins, maps, deals, etc.
Education: Tablets and apps in classrooms
Healthcare: Patient records, physician notes, etc.
Finance: Apps for real-time trading, portfolio analysis
Social: Games and social media platforms

And mobile apps are running rampant in the B2B world as well,
including spaces such as:
Business Apps: CRM, ERP, HR systems
Productivity: Docs, spreadsheets, presentations
Collaboration: Email, IM, publishing

Still think that mobile apps are for games, music and
entertainment purposes only? Do you really think that mobile
applications wont be relevant to your industry, your company,
your team and your job a year from now? Think again.

As mobile adoption further increases, mobile apps will become
ever more critical to the success of your business (and your
career). Companies that recognize this trend for what it is a
technological revolution and take preemptive action to make the
quality, security and usability of their mobile applications top
priority, will find themselves with a tremendous advantage.


6 The Mobile App Boom
The Mobile Boom: Facts and Figures
The readers of the SD Times are a fairly representative subset
of tech-savvy firms to poll when youre interested in how many
companies are buying into the mobile app phenomenon. Their
recent survey found that 70% of respondents planned on
having a mobile app within the next 18 months. Other
findings included:

Of those already building apps, tablet specific apps are
beating out phone-centric apps 88.1% to 82.3%
Apps for e-readers are grabbing the attention of 9.8% of
companies
Android apps barely beat out iOS at a rate of 63.9%
versus 63.6%
1 in 5 companies are developing for Blackberry

7 The Mobile App Boom
The biggest motivator for the surveyed audience was to offer
mobile access to hosted online services. This was the business
driver for 38.4% of respondents, followed by making money by selling
apps directly to consumers (36.3%), being mobile to stay competitive
(33.2%) and offering mobile versions of desktop software (32.9%).
Only 8.7% said that making money from embedded mobile ads was a
business driver. (source)
Mobile First: From a consumer perspective, the top mobile-first
companies are all app-centric. These companies provide services that
could be done from a PC but provide the service specifically for
mobile platforms. Right now, the top tier of mobile-first companies
are the ones that understand that the mobile experience is
fundamentally different from a PC experience and then develop
and design their services specifically with mobile interactions in mind.
(source)
Why Its Tough: The Soaring Expectations of Users
According to a recent study, 60% of mobile users will abandon your app or site if it doesnt
load within three seconds. Three seconds! Of those users, 43% said they would ever
return to your app or site and thats just scratching the surface of user expectations.
Other areas include:
OS & device fragmentation: Having an app available on some devices and not
others is a death sentence in the mobile world. If youre aiming for widespread
adoption, then you need to provide a seamless user experience regardless of the
device. More on this momentarily.
Security: Companies who inadvertently violate their own privacy policies run the risk
of making headlines for all the wrong reasons. Users expect their personal data to
remain personal and they expect their apps to be 100% free of viruses, malware
and other threats.
Connection speed: Does your app run the same on 3G, 4G and Wi-Fi coverage? If
the answer is no, expect low app store ratings. In some instances, such as
installation, a poor connection can make the difference between a five star review
and one star review.
Data usage: Users are wising up to the fact that some apps drain battery faster than
others and theyre abandoning those apps in favor of the more economical ones.
When developing an app, stay mindful of how it functions in all of these situations.
Installation & launch: Is your application easy to install and launch? If it is, youre
ahead of the majority of app developers. Users have shown little patience with regard
to apps that are not easy to install and run.
The point is this: Right or wrong, users have incredibly high expectations when it comes
to mobile app quality. As if testing wasnt challenging enough already!

8 The Mobile App Boom
Why Failing Hurts
Back in the day, one bad customer experience whether it be with a
business, service or product would spread via word-of-mouth and reach a
few prospective customers. Thanks to social media platforms like Twitter,
Facebook, Yelp and others, however, that same word-of-mouth now travels
at the speed of light and reaches hundreds, thousands, or even more users.

The other major difference is app store ratings. Imagine if a poor review
were stamped directly on the packing of a product. With app store ratings,
thats exactly whats happening.

In the world of apps, the meaning of quality can often be ambiguous. This is
not the case with USA TODAY, which takes a very quantitative approach to
the term. You would be wise to follow their example.

App store ratings are extremely important to us, said Michael Croghan,
Mobile Solutions Architect. You can launch a beautifully designed native
application, but if it crashes, then it will receive a poor rating and users will
go elsewhere. Our goal is to launch nothing short of a 4.5 star app every
time - no exceptions. Anyone can read your app store rating. Theres no
way to hide poor quality in the world of mobile.

That last line is worth repeating: Theres no way to hide poor mobile app
quality in the era of social.

And thats why failing hurts.


9 The Mobile App Boom
Key Questions
Before addressing the challenges of mobile app testing, it would be smart to first
understand the key questions. Here are a few questions youve likely asked
yourself and your company:

Hows a company supposed to ensure their multiple mobile apps work on
multiple OS platforms, carriers, devices and across countless locations?
What are some of the most common bug issues?
Should testing rely on manual testers, automated tools or a combination of
both approaches?
Should testing be performed in-house, by an outsourcing firm or by a
loosely affiliated beta testing group?
What are the testing challenges of native apps vs. the mobile web?
Is mobile fragmentation actually a good thing?
Can a company actually increase its app store rating?
Is extensive testing necessary even in a closed ecosystem like iOS?
Are some types of testing, like functional and security, more critical than
other types of testing, like localization and usability?

Now lets get to some answers






10 The Mobile App Boom
The Mobile Mantra

Much as we love freedom and choice, we
also love things that just work, reliably and
seamlessly. And if we have to pay for what
we love, well, that increasingly seems OK.
Have you looked at your cell phone or
cable bill lately?

- Chris Ander
COMMON ISSUES
IN MOBILE APP QUALITY
11
Sign-up & Login: This may seem like a no-brainer, but if users
cannot easily access your application, your efforts will have been
wasted. If your app or mobile site requires password and username
(not recommended), pay close attention to the fields and make sure
that its easy for users to enter their information.
Menu Options: Often times, menu options can be difficult to
access and decipher. Make sure that menu items like Help, About,
etc. are easy to find and navigate.
Keys: Any problems related to scrolling, text selection, the back
button, etc. are bound to lead to trouble, so make sure your key
functionality is clear and consistent. Also, be sure to cross-check if
your app will run with a keyboard and/or touch-screen.
Data Handling: An important consideration for all mobile apps (but
for games in particular) is data handling. Does your mobile app
store saved information properly? What about data deletion or
worse unintended data deletion? Make sure to include this in your
testing scope.
Connection Speed / Carrier: With the iPhone now running on
Verizon, Sprint and others, testing on only one carrier is no longer
an option. Make sure that your most basic app tests include some
of the most popular (and likely) carriers, as performance can vary
greatly from one carrier to another.
12 Testing Types: Functional Testing
Operating System: Like carriers, the mobile operating system
running your app will have a huge impact on its relative
performance. For some operating systems (like Android), you will
not be able to test across every possible combination with in-
house resources, but you should identify 3-5 of the most popular
ones and test accordingly.
Screen Size: While this applies mainly to tablets, screen size
discrepancies should be a top consideration while testing your
mobile app. For instance, how much should users have to scroll
from left-to-right or top-to-bottom, if at all?
Interruptions: How does your mobile app behave when the
device battery is at full strength, medium strength and low
strength? This is just one of the many variables to consider when
testing, but its also one of the easiest items to check for. Others
include incoming calls, SMS, MMS and video calls.
Error Messages: Your error messages should be clear, concise
and actionable. Do this, and youre a step ahead of virtually all
mobile applications on the market today.
Functional testing covers the broadest range of criteria, so any checklist
will be somewhat incomplete. That said, here are a few areas that should
probably always be covered in your functional testing strategy:
Common Functional Issues for Mobile
Screen real estate: You might use a mobile device just like a regular 1024768
pixel application, but your users probably wont. Try to actually use the
application on a number of devices just use it. Youll likely come away
suggesting a mobile interface, perhaps an automatic re-direct on login when your
application senses a mobile device. Even then, youll want to explore the
application in a number of devices, looking for usability problems. (Matt Heusser)

Finding device specific bugs: If, for example, you discover links that are not
functional on certain devices, then you should first determine whether it works on
the desktop browser. If it is reproducible on the desktop browser, then it is
obviously not a device-specific bug, but rather a bug in the basic application. If a
link is functional in the desktop browser and it doesnt work in the device, then it
should be identified as a device specific bug. (Jigar Patel)

Normal use test: Start on a full battery and use the application for 6-12 hours
and measure the battery level at the end of each ! or 1 hour. You may use an
automated testing tool to do this so as to keep the test running for the required
time interval. This test will tell you how quickly your application drains the battery
when in normal use, with all the foreground and background features of the
application running normally. (Sachin Date)

Idle run test: Turn off the screen lock and power saver modes on the device.
Then start on a full battery and keep the application running on its main, home or
dashboard screen as appropriate, and measure the battery level at ! or 1 hour
intervals. This test will measure the battery drain due to such things as intentional
or unintentional automatic screen refreshes, and due to the background threads
or services running in your application. (Sachin Date)


13 Testing Types: Functional Testing
From The Experts: Functional Testing Tips
Context is critical for mobile applications. A thorough understanding of the users context and objectives is a must requirement.
Conduct ongoing user acceptance testing (UAT) throughout the design and development process, including testing on real devices.
Use simple navigation structures pointing to one specific task at a time.
Store data on the device selectively and archive data that is less frequently accessed on the server.
Effectively use multi-threading wherever possible to improve performance.
Use high contrast text color and select typefaces for maximum readability.
Provide clear status and feedback based on progress of task completion.
Manage content wisely. Wherever possible, crop large images and reduce the size of data files.
Use a consistent User Interface design that helps users maintain a familiarity with the application.
Get involved in real-time interaction via social media. This could include live Facebook or Twitter streams.
14 Testing Types: Functional Testing
With all the time we spend on tools and techniques designed to catch mobile bugs post-dev, we should point out that many of these defects can be
prevented by following some key steps pre-dev. Here area few points to consider, courtesy of 53days.com:
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Functional Issues to Consider in the Dev Phase
The goal of usability testing, simply put, is to make sure that a user can complete the tasks they are expected to complete. More importantly,
they must be able to do so easily and without becoming frustrated. A good user experience can be thwarted by a number issues, including:

Functionality: A mobile application must present the user with the appropriate functionality. If the functionality of an application is
perceived as incomplete or inadequate, customers may be lost.
Layout & Design: Good layout and design allow a user to easily complete tasks. If a button is placed in the perceived wrong
place, users will get frustrated and might look for an alternative product.
Interaction: The flow of an application must be natural and allow the user to easily complete tasks. If a user believes they have
been sent to the wrong page and have to manually backtrack in order to find the page they were looking for, they can become
frustrated and abandon the application.

13 Testing Types: Usability Testing
Reminder: To get to the top of the
App Store, youll either need to
launch an amazing game (see
sidebar), or be among the best in
your field in terms of usability.
Common Mobile Usability Issues
1
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1
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1
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C
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3
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A
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T
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R
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