Introduction

1- Purpose:-
Our objective is to let the reader know the history of mobile, what the
mobile is, and different mobiles operating systems.

How mobile operating systems work, and how we can differentiate

between them. Also, to turn technology in the life style.

We should also know the options and features of each mobile operating
system.

2-Scope:-
1) Chapter one:-
In this chapter we are talking about the history of
mobile, what are mobiles, mobile hardware, and
mobile operating systems as an introduction.
2) Chapter two:-
In this chapter we are talking about android‘s
history, features, development, security, policy and
license.
3) Chapter three:-
In this chapter we are talking about Windows
Phone‘s history, features, development, security,
policy and license.

4) Chapter four:-
In this chapter we are talking about IOS‘s history,
features, development, security, policy and
license.

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 5)Chapter five:-
In this chapter we are talking about BlackBerry‘s
history, features, development, security, policy and
license.
6)Chapter six:-
In this chapter we are talking about Symbyan‘s
history, features, development, security, policy and
license.

3) Methodology:-
In this book we use many resources as searching
in several websites which talk about mobiles operating
systems as ―Wikipedia‖ and the official web site for each
mobile operating systems .
And also each of us read about his topic from several
technical books as ―Mobile Operating Systems and
Programming: Mobile Communications “
For “Arash Habibi Lashkari , Mohammadreza
Moradhaseli”

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Table of content:-
summary .......................................................................................................................................................... VI

Chapter 1 Mobile ............................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Historical view ........................................................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Mobile hardware.................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.1 Features ........................................................................................................................................ 2

1.2.2 Mobile Components ..................................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Mobile software ..................................................................................................................................... 5

1.4 Introduction to mobile operating system .............................................................................................. 5

1.4.1 What is a Mobile Operating System ? .......................................................................................... 5

1.4.2 Popular Mobil Operating System................................................................................................. 6

1.4.2.1 Android................................................................................................................................ 6

1.4.2.2 Blackberry........................................................................................................................... 6

1.4.2.3 IPhone OS (IOS) ................................................................................................................... 6

1.4.2.4 Windows Phone .................................................................................................................. 6

1.4.2.5 Symbian OS ......................................................................................................................... 7

Chapter 2 Android ........................................................................................................................................... 8

2.1 History .................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.2 Features.................................................................................................................................................. 9

2.2.1 Interface........................................................................................................................................ 9

2.2.2Application ..................................................................................................................................... 10

2.3 Development .......................................................................................................................................... 11

2.3.1 Update schedule ........................................................................................................................... 11

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 2.3.2 Linux kernel................................................................................................................................... 12

2.4 security ................................................................................................................................................... 12

2.5 Licensing ................................................................................................................................................. 13

Chapter 3 Windows Phone .............................................................................................................................. 14

3.1History ..................................................................................................................................................... 14

3.1.1Versions ......................................................................................................................................... 14

3.1.1.1 Windows 7 .............................................................................................................................. 14

3.1.1.2 Windows phone 8................................................................................................................... 15

3.1.1.3 Windows phone 8.1 ............................................................................................................... 16

3.2 Features.................................................................................................................................................. 16

3.2.1 User Interface ............................................................................................................................... 16

3.2.2 Text input ...................................................................................................................................... 16

3.2.3 Web browser ............................................................................................................................... 17

3.2.4 Office suite .................................................................................................................................... 17

3.2.5 Bluetooth ...................................................................................................................................... 18

3.3 Developments ........................................................................................................................................ 18

3.4 Security................................................................................................................................................... 19

3.4.1 Devices of windows phone ........................................................................................................... 19

3.5 Policy and license ................................................................................................................................... 21

Chapter 4 IPhone ............................................................................................................................................. 22

4.1 History .................................................................................................................................................... 22

4.2 Features.................................................................................................................................................. 23

4.2.1 Home screen ................................................................................................................................. 23

4.2.2 Game Center ................................................................................................................................. 24

4.2.3 Notification Center ....................................................................................................................... 25

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 4.2.4 Included applications .................................................................................................................... 25

4.3 Development .......................................................................................................................................... 26

4.3.1 SDK ................................................................................................................................................ 26

4.4 security ............................................................................................................................................ 26

Chapter 5 BalckBerry ................................................................................................................................... 28

5.1 History.............................................................................................................................................. 28

5.2 Features ........................................................................................................................................... 30

5.2.1 connectivity ............................................................................................................................... 30

5.2.2 BlackBerry internet service ....................................................................................................... 31

5.3 Development .......................................................................................................................................... 32

5.3.1Original BlackBerry ........................................................................................................................ 32

5.3.2 Software........................................................................................................................................ 32

5.4 Security................................................................................................................................................... 33

5.5 Policy & License ...................................................................................................................................... 33

Chapter 6 Symbian .......................................................................................................................................... 35

6.1 History .................................................................................................................................................... 35

6.2 Features.................................................................................................................................................. 36

6.3 Development .......................................................................................................................................... 37

6.3.1 Qt .................................................................................................................................................. 37

6.3.2 Symbian C++ ................................................................................................................................ 38

6.3.3 Other Languages ........................................................................................................................... 38

6.3.4 Deployment .................................................................................................................................. 38

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 39

Project's Student List....................................................................................................................41

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Table of figures:-
figure 2.1 Android logo .............................................................................................................. 8

figure 2.2 Android interface ....................................................................................................... 9

figure 2.3 Android versions ........................................................................................................ 9

figure 2.4 samsung galaxy s5 .................................................................................................... 10

figure 2.5 kitkat version.............................................................................................................. 11

figure 2.6 linux kernel ................................................................................................................ 12

figure 2.7 security options .......................................................................................................... 12

figure 2.7 security ...................................................................................................................... 13

figure 3.1 windows 7 .................................................................................................................. 14

figure 3.2 windows 8 .................................................................................................................. 15

figure 3.3 windows os vs adroid ................................................................................................ 16

figure 3.4 windows 8.1 ............................................................................................................... 16

figure 3.5 office suite ................................................................................................................. 17

figure 3.6 windows logo ............................................................................................................. 19

figure 3.7 global windows phone app usage share .................................................................... 20

figure 3.8 nokia lumia ............................................................................................................... 20

figure 4.1 ios logo ..................................................................................................................... 22

figure 4.2 ios versions ............................................................................................................... 23

figure 4.3 ios home screen ........................................................................................................ 24

figure 4.4 ios game center ......................................................................................................... 25

figure 4.5 sdk............................................................................................................................. 26

figure 4.6 ios security ................................................................................................................ 27

figure 5.1 Mike Lazaridis CEO of BlackBerry ............................................................................. 28

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 Figure 5.2 BlackBerry logo ....................................................................................................... 28

Figure 5.3 .................................................................................................................................. 29

Figure 5.4 BlackBerry phones .................................................................................................. 30

figure 5.5 Z10 ............................................................................................................................ 32

figure 5.6 BlackBerry security .................................................................................................... 33

figure 6.1 symbian home screen................................................................................................ 35

figure 6.2 Live widgets .............................................................................................................. 37

figure 6.3 ................................................................................................................................... 37

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 Summary
1- Objective :-
Our objective is to let the reader know the history of mobile, and what is the
mobile, and different mobiles operating systems

How mobile operating systems work, and how we can differentiate between
them.

2-main points :-
1. Mobile history.
2. History of mobile operating systems.
3. Features.
4. Developing .

3-conclusion :-
we will talk about the history of "mobile phones " including "hardware, and software".
How the developers introduce the idea of making operating systems to make it more
usable and easy to use. We will talk about the first operating system ( Symbian ) and
how it succeeded in the market and reached high sales.

Then the mobile operating systems reached a new higher level titled by "Smart
phones".

smart phones branched to more than one operating

systems as :
1. Android "Google"
2. Windows phone "Microsoft"
3. IOS "Apple "
4. BlackBerry

Then we will explain:-

 The history of each operating system and how it was constructed and
how each company established its own mobile operating system.
 The features , the options and the devices which works on it .for
example" Nokia for Windows phone , Samsung galaxy series for Android and I
Phone for IOS" .

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  The development and developers for all operating systems .
 The security of each operating system and how it saves the device .
 The policy and license for each operating system and how it affects hardly !

4- Facts:-
1. The new Operating systems made our live very easy; by facilitating
communication with each other in different places
for example: you can call someone in a country and you are in another
country without any problems.
2. By using internet and GPS on Smart phones we can find places that we
don't know where it is.
3. We can know the weather forecasts through applications.
4. We can use Facebook , Twitter, and other social media websites through
applications, which is easier than using it on compute

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 Chapter 1
Mobile

1.1Historical view:-

The origin of the mobile phone goes back to 1908 when a US Patent was issued
in Kentucky for a wireless telephone.

The story of the modern mobile phone really begins in the 1940s when engineers
working at AT&T developed cells for mobile phone base stations.

The very first mobile phones were not really mobile phones at all. They were two-
way radios that allowed people like taxi drivers and the emergency services to
communicate. Instead of relying on base stations with separate cells (and the
signal being passed from one cell to another), the first mobile phone networks
involved one very powerful base station covering a much wider area.

These early mobile phones are often referred to as 0G mobile phones, or Zero
Generation mobile phones. Most phones today rely on 3G or third-generation
mobile technology.

A Motorola employee called Martin Cooper is widely considered to be a key

player in the history of mobile phones, inventing the first mobile phone that was
fit for practical use. Handsets that could be used in a vehicle had been developed
prior to Martin Cooper‘s phone, but his was the first usable truly portable mobile
telephone. Cooper made mobile phone history in April 1973 when he made the
first ever call on a handheld mobile phone.

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 Mobile telephony developed in leaps and bounds over the next decade,
particularly with the arrival of handover technology. This allowed users to keep
their connections as they travelled between base stations – so as a user walked
from one mobile phone mast to another, the connection and conversation would
not drop or be interrupted.

The birth of the Second Generation (2G) mobile phones was in Finland in 1993.
It was also the year that the first SMS text messages were sent and that data
services began to appear on mobile phones.

Mobiles that we use today are 3G mobiles, or Third Generation mobiles. 3G

launched in 2001 and allowed operators to offer a huge range of advanced
services such as video calling and HSPA data transmission.

1.2 Mobile hardware:-

No standard exists to define what makes a phone a smartphone.

GSM/CDMA … etc. mobile phones,

Run a high-level operating system.

1.2.1 Features:
Wi-Fi

Bluetooth

Internet access

Custom application software

Cameras

1.2.2 Mobile Components:

Touch screen. The touch screen is an LCD covered by a resistive touch
panel. Tapping the touch screen with a stylus or finger sends the same
kind of messages that clicking with the left mouse button does on a

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 desktop computer, although cursor support is limited to a spinning
hourglass for wait signals. The user can also select and drag items. To
sense quick changes in user input, the touch screen has a refresh rate of
at least 100 samples per second.

Stylus and keyboard. Windows Mobile devices do not have a standard,

physical keyboard. Text input is accomplished by using the input panel
and the stylus. Generally, the input panel is a standard window on the
touch screen that displays an input method, enabling users to enter data
in a variety of ways. Windows Mobile Professional and Windows Mobile
Classic includes a simplified QWERTY keyboard input method and a
handwriting recognition input method. The stylus is a pointer for accessing
a touch screen and input methods.

Hardware keys. Windows Mobile devices come with several hardware

keys, which can be pressed, held down, double-clicked, or pressed in
combination with other keys. These keys allow a user to start applications,
navigate lists, open records, and close fields and dialog boxes, and the
behavior of some of these keys can be programmatically modified.

Audio input. For devices that support audio, a built-in microphone is

usually located on the front of the device so that a user can view the
screen while recording. The codec software is identical to a desktop
computer's audio compression manager (ACM). OEMs may add a
microphone jack for an external microphone. The jack is transparent to the
software

Audio output. You can use the built-in speakers to play sounds
associated with notification events. You can also use the speakers to play
voice recordings, other .wav files, or for dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF)
dialing output. Some OEMs may add a headphone jack for headphones,
external speakers, or other audio-out hardware. This jack is transparent to
the software.

Notification options. An OEM may provide several notification options for

a device: audio, a flashing light-emitting diode (LED), or vibration controls
such as those on cellular phones and pagers.

Power. A Windows Mobile device can run many hours on its standard
battery source, and it also has a backup battery to avoid data loss if the
primary battery loses power.

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 CPU. Windows Mobile devices use the ARM family of CPUs. The ARM
processors offer an excellent combination of high performance and low
power consumption.

Memory. Windows Mobile devices come with a minimum amount of of

RAM depending on the SKU.
Because it is important to conserve memory on Windows Mobile devices,
many of the device operating system components are compressed in
ROM. When a user needs a component, the operating system
decompresses that component and transfers it to RAM.

Built-in serial port. Windows Mobile devices come with a built-in serial
port, and some OEMs may include a second serial port. A Windows
Mobile device can connect to a desktop computer by using a serial cable
or an optional docking cradle, available from many device manufacturers,
that is connected to the desktop computer. Some devices support data
communications through a modem connected to the cradle.

Infrared communications serial port. Windows Mobile devices include a

serial port that conforms to Infrared Data Association (IrDA) specifications.
Windows Mobile devices can communicate with other Windows Mobile
devices, other Windows Embedded CE–based devices, handheld
computing devices, or desktop computers.

Storage card slots. Many Windows Mobile devices include one or more
storage card slots that you can use for removable memory cards of
various types. These cards are commonly used for media (such as music
or pictures), applications, or data storage. Some devices also have a
section of internal persistent memory that behaves like a storage card,
although it is not removable.

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1.3 Mobile software
A mobile app, short for mobile application, or just app, is application
software designed to run on smartphones, tablet computers and other mobile
devices.
Apps are usually available through application distribution platforms, which
began appearing in 2008 and are typically operated by the owner of the mobile
operating system, such as the Apple App Store, Google Play, Windows Phone
Store, and BlackBerry App World. Some apps are free, while others must be
bought. Usually, they are downloaded from the platform to a target device, such
as an iPhone, BlackBerry, Android phone or Windows Phone, but sometimes
they can be downloaded to laptops or desktop computers. For apps with a price,
generally a percentage, 20-30%, goes to the distribution provider (such
as iTunes), and the rest goes to the producer of the app.[1] The same app can
therefore cost the average Smartphone user a different price depending on
whether they use iPhone, Android, or BlackBerry 10 devices.

1.4 Introduction to mobile operating system:-

A mobile operating system(OS), is an operating system that is designed to run on
mobile devices such as: Smartphones, tablets, PDAs( personal digital assistant )
and other handheld devices.

1.4.1 What is a Mobile Operating System ?

Like windows operating system which controls desktop or laptop computer, a
mobile operating system is the software platform in which other programs can
run on mobile devices.

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 Modern mobile operating systems combine the features of a personal computer
operating system with other features, including a touch screen, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
GPS, camera, etc… .

1.4.2 Popular Mobil Operating System:-

1.4.2.1 Android:-
Android is a free and open source operating system, it was initially developed by
Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005. Android released many versions
starting from 1.0 and ending with 4.4 until now. Android releases are nicknamed
after sweets or desserts like Cupcake (1.5), Eclair (2.0), Honeycomb (3.0), Ice
Cream Sandwich (4.0), and Kit Kat (4.4). Most major mobile service providers
carry an Android device. From second quarter of 2009 to second quarter of 2010,
Android's worldwide market share rose 850% from 1.8% to 17.2%. On November
15, 2011, Android reached 52.5% of the global Smartphone market share.

1.4.2.2 Blackberry:-
BlackBerry is a closed source and a proprietary mobile operating system
developed by BlackBerry Limited (formerly Research In Motion). BlackBerry 10
was the next generation platform for BlackBerry Smartphone's and tablets. One
OS was planned for both Blackberry Smartphone's and tablets going forward.

1.4.2.3 IPhone OS (IOS):-

Apple's iPhone OS is a closed source OS, it was originally developed for use on
its iPhone devices. Now, the mobile operating system is referred to as iOS and is
supported on a number of Apple devices including the iPhone, iPad, iPad 2 and
iPod Touch. The iOS mobile operating system is available only on Apple's own
manufactured devices as the company does not license the OS for third-party
hardware. Apple iOS is derived from Apple's Mac OS X operating system.

1.4.2.4 Windows Phone:-

Windows Phone is from Microsoft. It is closed source and proprietary. It was
released by Microsoft on February 15, 2010. It includes full integration of
Microsoft services such as OneDrive and Office, Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox
Live games and Bing, but also integrates with many other non-Microsoft services

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 such as Facebook and Google accounts. Windows Phone devices are made
primarily by Nokia, along with HTC, and other devices.

1.4.2.5 Symbian OS :-
Symbian platform is from Nokia for certain models of their current entry level
smartphones. It is proprietary software. Runs Symbian S60 or S40. The
Operating System is found running on Nokia's Asha devices.

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 Chapter 2
Android
2.1 History:-
Android Inc was founded in Palo Alto
California in October 2003 by Andy

Rubin (co-founder of Danger) Rich Miner (co-

founder of Wildfire Communications Inc.), Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile), and
Chris White (headed design and interface development at WebTV) to develop in
Rubin's words smarter mobile devices that aremore aware of its owner's location
and preferences the early intentions of the company were to develop an
advanced operating system for digital cameras when itwas realized that the
market for the devices was not large enough, and diverted their efforts to
producing a smartphone operating system to rival those of Symbian and
Windows Mobile Despite the past accomplishments of the founders and early
employees , Android Inc operated secretly, Figure2.1
revealing only that it was working on software
for mobile phones that same year, Rubin ran out of money Steve, a closefriend of
Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope and refused a stake in
thecompany Google acquired Android Inc on August 17, 2005, key employees of
Android Inc. including Rubin, Miner, and White, stayed at the company after the
acquisition.

Notmuch was known about Android Inc at the time, but many assumed that
Google wasplanning to enter the mobile phone market with this move. At Google,
including Rubin, Miner, and White, stayed at the company after the acquisition.
Notmuch was known about Android Inc at the time, but many assumed that
Google wasplanning to enter the mobile phone market with this move At Google,

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 the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux
kernel Google Marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the
promise of providing aFlexible, upgradable system Google had lined up a series
of hardware component andSoftware partners and signaled to carriers that it
was open to various degrees ofCooperation on their part

2.2 Features:-
2.2.1 Interface:-
Android's user interface is based on direct manipulation using touch inputs like
swiping, tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate screen objects
The response to user input is
designed to be immediate and
provides afluid touch interface.

Android devices boot to the

home screen, the primary
navigation and information Point
on the device, which is similar to
the desktop found on PCs
Android home screens are
typically made up of app icons
and widgets; app icons launch
the associated app, whereas
widgets display live, auto-
updating content such as the weather forecast

Android provides the ability to run applications which change the default launcher
and hence the appearance and externally visible behaviour of Android This
Appearancechanges include a multi-page dock or no dock, and

many more changes to Figure 2.2

fundamentalfeatures of the user
interface Third-party apps available

on Google Play and other app stores can extensively re-theme the homescreen,

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 and even mimic the look of other operating systems, such as Windows

Most manufacturers, and some wireless carriers ,customize the

look and feel of their Android devices to differentiate themselves from their

competitors.Present along the top of the screen is a status bar,

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

showing information about the device and its connectivity This status bar can be
"pulled" down to reveal a notificationscreen where apps display important
information or updates, such as a
newly receivedemail or SMS text, in a
way that doesn‘t immediately interrupt
or inconvenience theuser.

2.2.2Application:-

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 Android has a growing selection of third party applications, which can be
acquired by users either through an app store such as Google Play or the
Amazon Appstore, or by downloading and installing the application's APK file
from a third-Party site Google Play Store allows users to browse, download and
update applications published by Google and third-party developers, and the
Play Store client application is pre-installed on devices that comply with Google's
compatibility requirementsand license the Google Mobile Services softwarewhere
the cost of the application is added to the user's monthly bill As of July 2013,
there are more than one million applications available for Android inPlay Store
As of May 2013, 48 billion apps have been installed from ―Google PlayStore‖

2.3 Development:-
Android is developed in private by Google until the latest changes and
updatesare ready to be released, at which point the source code is made
available publicly Android's source code does not contain the often proprietary
device drivers that areneeded for certain hardware component

2.3.1 Update schedule:-

Google provides major upgrades, incremental
in nature, to Android every six to nine
months,which most devices are capable of
receiving over the air the latestmajor release is
(KitKat) Android 4.4 Compared to its chief
rival mobile operating system, namely ―IOS‖,
Android updates are typically slow to reach
actual devices for devices not under the Nexus brand,Updates often arrive
months from the time the given version is officially released In 2012, Google
began decoupling certain aspects of the operating system (particularly core
applications) so they could be updated through Google Play Store, independently
of Android itself one of these components, Figure 2.5
Google Play Services, is a closed-source
system-level process providing APIs for
Google services, installed automatically onnearly all devices running Android
version 2.2 and higher With these changesGooglecan add new operating
system functionality through Play Services and applicationupdates without having
to distribute an upgrade to the operating system itself. As aresult, Android 4.2
and 4.3 contained relatively fewer user-facing changes, focusingmore on minor
changes and platform improvements.

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 2.3.2 Linux kernel:-
Android consists of a kernel based on the Linux kernel long term support
branchAs of January 2014, current Android versions are built upon Linux kernel
3.4 or later but the specific kernel version number depends

on the actual Android device and chipset, Android has usedvarious kernels since
its first 2.6.25. in August 2011, Linus Torvalds
said that (eventually Android and Linux would
come back to a common kernel, but it will
probably not be for four to five years)

In December2011, Greg Kroah-Hartman

announced the start of Android Mainlining
Project, which aims to put some Android
drivers, patches and features back into the
Linux kernel,

starting in Linux 3.3 Linux included the autosleep and wakelocks capabilities in
the 3.5kernel after many previous attempts at
merger The interfaces are the same but the Figure 2.6

upstream Linux implementation allows for two

different suspend modesto memory(the traditional suspend that Android uses),
and to disk (hibernate, as it is known on the desktop) Google maintains a public
code repository that contains their experimental work to

re-base Android off the latest stable Linux versions.

2.4 security:-
Android applications run in a sandbox, an
isolated area of the system that Doesnot have
access to the rest of the system's resources,
unless access permissions areexplicitly
granted by the user when the application is
installed. Before installing an application, Play
Store displays all required permissions a

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 game may need to enable vibration or save data to an SD card, for example, but
should not need to read SMSmessages or access the phonebook After reviewing
these permissions, the user can choose to accept or refuse them, installing the
application only if they accept The sandboxing and permissions system lessens
the impact of vulnerabilities and bugs inapplications, but developer confusion and
limited documentation has resulted inapplications routinely requesting
unnecessary permissions, reducing itseffectiveness Google has now pushed an
update to Android Verify Apps feature,which will now run in background to detect
malicious processes and crack them down

2.5 Licensing:-
the source code for Android is open source , it is developed in private by
Googlewith the source code released publicly when a new version of Android is
Released Google publishes most of the code (including network and telephony
stacks) under the non-copyleft Apache Licenseversion 2.0 which allows
modification andredistribution. The license does not grant rights to the
Androidtrademark, sodevice manufacturers and wireless carriers have to license
it from Google underindividual contracts Associated Linux kernel changes are
released under the copyleftGNU General Public License version 2, developed by
the open handsetalliance , with the source code publicly available at all times.
Typically, Googlecollaborates with a hardware manufacturer to produce a
"flagship" device (part of the Nexus series) featuring the new version of Android,
then makes the source codeavailable after that device has been released. The
only Android release which wasnot immediately made available as source code
was the tablet-only 3.0 Honeycomb release. The reason, according to Andy
Rubin in an official Androidblog post, was because Honeycomb was rushed for
production of the Motorola‗xoom‘ and they did not
want third parties creating a "Really bad user
experience" byattempting to put onto smartphones a
version of Android intended for tablets

Figure 2.8
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 Chapter 3
Windows phone Operating system

3.1History:-
Windows Phone is a smartphone operating system developed by Microsoft
company . It is the source of activation for Windows Mobile, although it wasn't
complete with the earlier form. With Windows Phone, Microsoft designed a new
user interface, which featuring a design language and named it by "Modern"
not to be same as its predecessor, it was the primarily aim to the consumer
market rather than the enterprise market. It was first activated in October 2010
with Windows Phone 7 which was announced at world mobile congress at
Barcelona, Catalonia, spain on 15th February 2010.

Windows Phone 8.1, which was released in final form to the developers on April
14, 2014 and will be activated to all phones running Windows Phone 8 over the
coming months,and it was the latest release of the operating system

3.1.1Versions:-

3.1.1.1 Windows 7:-

Windows phone 7.0 was announce
that this operating system at Mobile Figure 3.1
World Congress in Catalonia,

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 Barcelona ,and Spain on February 15th2010, and it was released publicly on 8th
November 2010 in the United States of America .

Microsoft made update to windows phone 7 and named it by " MANGO" or

Called windows phone 7.5 ,On May 2011 this update provides by windows
internet explorer 9 and it was has the same option which was the same as the
lab top or PC version.

On 2012 another update made by Microsoft named by "TANGO" lowered the

hardware requirements to allow for devices with 800 MHz CPUs and 256 MB of
RAM to run Windows Phone

In January 2013 Windows phone 7.8 was released and added some features
from windows 8 , such as an updated start screen, doubling of the color scheme
that the option to have the Bing image of the day as a lock screen wallpaper.

Figure 3.9

3.1.1.2 Windows phone 8:-

Windows phone 8 was announced at 29 October 2012 it was a new generation
of the Operating systems.

Windows phone 8 , while adding multi-software improvement it also supply the

smart phone with hardware improvment as the resolution of the screen and also
supply it by multi core processor which Windows phone 7 and Windows phone
7.5 have shortage from these Options we can say windows phone 8 made this
Operating system can compare with "Android" and "IOS

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 Figure 3.3

"

3.1.1.3 Windows phone 8.1:-

Windows phone 8.1 was announced on April 2014 after being released in
preview form to developers on February 10, 2014. New features added a new
update which include a notification
center, which provides the operating
system with Internet Explorer 11
with tab syncing among Windows
8.1 devices and Windows Phone
devices

3.2 Features:- Figure 3.10

3.2.1 User Interface:-

Windows phone features a user interface based on Microsoft Windows phone's
design which codenamed "Metro" and inspired by user interface ZUNE HD as a start
screen which contains of "Life Tiles " which was these Tiles are links to applications
and the locations in the mobile as (photos , camera , music & videos , people……etc. )

These tile can be removed or shifted from left to right or up and down

3.2.2 Text input:-

Users input text by using a touch screen with high resistivity , virtual keyboard,
which has a dedicated key for inserting emoticons, and features spell checking

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 and word prediction and also in Microsoft office we can use it and open files
which include any of Microsoft Office collection.

3.2.3 Web browser:-

From windows phone features which we can use "Internet explorer " all it's
versions until "Internet explorer 11" which we can use it in Windows phone 8.1
and also we can install more another browsers as" Google chrome" "Mozila
firefox",………

PC) )We can use any web browser as we use it on desktob.so

3.2.4 Office suite:-

All Windows Phones come installed
with Microsoft Office Mobile, which
provides has a small change between
Windows Phone and the desktop
version of Microsoft Office. Word
Mobile, Excel , PowerPoint , and
Workspaces Mobile apps are access it
through a single "Office Hub" which
allow most Microsoft Office file formats
to be viewed and edited it directly on a
Figure 3.5
Windows Phone device. The "Office
Hub" can access files from "OneDrive"
and Office 365.

the files which are stored randomly on the device's hard drive. Although they are
not installed in Windows Phone's "Office Hub" OneNote Mobile, and OneDrive for
Business which can be downloaded and separated as a standalone applications
from the Windows Phone Store.

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3.2.5 Bluetooth:-
Windows Phones are support the following Bluetooth profiles:

1. Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP 1.2)

2. Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP 1.3)

3. Hands Free Profile (HFP 1.5)

4. Headset Profile (HSP 1.1)

5. Phone Book Access profile (PBAP 1.1)

3.3 Developments:-

Windows phone mobile begun on 2004 under tha code name "photon" but it
worked slowly and cancelled.

In 2008, Microsoft reorganized the Windows Mobile group and started work on a
new mobile operating system. The product was released in 2009 and named by
"Windows phone " the first version which was started by the Windows phone 6.5
as an interim release.

Windows Phone was developed quickly .

One result was that the new Operating systems( Open source) "Larry
Lieberman" the senior product manager of Microsoft's Mobile Development and
Experiences , told that in the eWeek: "If we had had more time and resources
; we may have been able to do something in terms of backward
compatibility"

Also "Lieberman" said that Microsoft was attempting to look at the mobile
phones market in with a new sight , in which the end user in mind as well as
the enterprise network.

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 "Terry Myeerson" corporate VP of Windows Phone developerand he said"With
the move to capacitive touch screens with high sensitivity, away from the
stylus, and the moves to some of the hardware choices which
madespecialy for Windows Phone 7 experience,so we had to break
applications compatibility with Windows phone 6.5"

Figure 3.6

3.4 Security:-

operating system is from Microsoft. It wasa closed source "Windows phone " but
On February 15, 2010, Microsoft made up its next-generation mobile Open
Source , Windows Phone. This new mobile Open Source includes a completely
new over-hauled and this operating system inspired by Microsoft's "Metro
Design Language".

And It includes full integration of Microsoft services such asOneDrive ,Microsoft

Office,Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox Live games ,sky drive and Bing, but
also integrates with many other applications as non-Microsoft services such as
"Facebook" and "Google accounts" Windows Phone devices are made firstly by
"Nokia", along with "HTC","SaMsung", "Huawei"

3.4.1 Devices of windows phone:-

In Egypt windows phone was appeared suite of "Nokia" with windows 8 after the
Symbian operating systems and all of Egyptians weren't know that windows

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phone was from 2009 and this operating system was activated with windows 7
with it's all updates , Microsoft activated this operating system with more devices
as HTC, Samsung and Huawei.

Figure 3.7

Figure 3.8

but after Microsoft purchase Nokia and help it to be activated with people again
after Samsung which was purchased by Google and android with its updates
works on it Samsung become the first device which the user think to buy it and
also with the appurtenance of "Apple" devices "IOS" and with its options.

So Nokia was vanished from markets and no one from users want it but after
Microsoft purchased nokia and activated this operating system in it and sure that
Nokia was the best which activated on it "windows phone".

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3.5 Policy and license:-
Windows phone applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area of the system
that does

not have access to the system's resources, if not it access the permissions are
which are explicitly granted by the user use it when the application is installed.
Before installing it the Store displays all required permissions: for a game which
may need to able vibrations or save data to an SD card, for example, but should
not need to read SMS

messages or access the phonebook. After reviewing these permissions, the user
can choose to accept or refuse them, installing the application only if they accept.
The sandboxing and the permissions system of lessens the impact of more
abilities and bugs in .applications, but the developers confusion and the limited
documentation has resulted in applications in the usually mode requesting the
permissions which has no usage , and reducing it's effectiveness. Microsoft has
now activated an update to windows phone 8.1 Verify Applications feature,
which will now run in background to detect important processes and crack them
down .

Now widows phone operating system has a huge rank around people's mind as
android and apple's devices and also this operating system success in options
which both of them haven't it

Now we can consider that windows phone mobile operating system achieved the
goal which it's developers hope for their project .

And also now we can compare between windows phone operating system and
others as "black berry" , "IOS" or "Android" and has a high position between
them .

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 Chapter 4
I Phone Operating System

Figure 4.1

4.1 History:-

IOS or OS (known in its infancy as the iPhone OSX, OSX iPhone and the official
name of the previous to the date of June 7, 2010 is: the iPhone OS or iPhone
OS) is the operating system that appeared in early 2007 as the operating system
was created by Apple for her iPhone, later, he became the default system for
your iPod Touch and iPad Tablet copy rate measurements where the front of the
resort.Since the launch of the system in 2007, anduntil October 2012 sale of 400
million iOS device in all the world, ranging devices between the iPod Touch,
iPhone and iPad, and is activating 240,000 new iOS device daily.

At first, Apple marketing literature did not specify a separate name for the
operating system,stating what Steve claimed: "iPhone runs OS X" and runs
desktop applications" when in fact it runs a variant of Mac OS X, that doesn't
run OS X software unless it has been ported to the in-compatible operating
system. Steve Jobs reasoning was that developers could build web applications
that "would behave like native apps on the iPhone".

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 Figure 4.2

On January 27, 2010, announced the iPad, featuring a larger screen than the
iPhone and iPod touch.
In June 2010, Apple rebranded iPhone OS as "iOS". The trademark "IOS" had
been used by Cisco for overa decade for its operating system, used on its
routers.
By late 2010, iOS accounted for 59% ofthe market share for smartphones. By the
end of 2011, iOS accounted for 20% of the smartphone OS market and 43.6% of
the tablet OS market.

4.2 Features:-
4.2.1 Home screen:-
The home screen (known as "Springboard") displays application icons and a
dock at the bottom of the screen where users can put their most used apps. The
home screen appears when user presses the "Home" button whilst in another
app.

Since iOS version 3.0, a Spotlight Search function has been available on the
leftmost page of the home screen page allowing users to search through media
(videos, podcasts, music,…etc.), applications, contacts, e-mails,reminders,
messages, similar and files calendar events.)

In iOS 3.2 or later and with a supported device, the user can set a picture as
background of the screen. This feature is only available on third-generation
devices or newer, IPod Touch 3rd gen.

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 Figure 4.3

Researchers found that users organize icons on their homescreens based on

usage-frequency, as well as for reasons of usability and aesthetics.

With iOS 4 came the introduction of a simple folder system. When applications
are in "jiggle mode", any group of peoplecan be dragged on top of each other ,
and from then on, more apps can be added to the folder using the same
procedure, up to 14 on iPhone, 15 on iPhone 5, and 22 on iPad. A title for the
folder is selected by the category of applications. When apps inside folders
receive and sent badges, the numbers cleared by the badges is added up and
cleared on the folder. Folders cannot be put into other folders, though an
unofficial workaround exists that enables folders to be nested within folders. iOS
7 updated the folders with pages like on the Spring Board.

4.2.2 Game Center:-

Game Center is an online multiplayer "social gaming network" released by
Apple. It allows users to "invite friends to play a game online, start a multiplayer
game through matchmaking, track their goals, and compare their high scores on
a leaderboard.

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 Figure 4.4

Game Center was announced during an iOS 4 preview event hosted by Apple on
April 9, 2010. A preview was released to registered Apple developers in
August. It was released on September 7,2010 with iOS 4.1, iPhone 3GS, and
iPod Touch 2nd generation through 4th generation. There is no support for
thefirst-generation iPod Touch . However, Game Center is unofficially available
on the iPhone 3G.

4.2.3 Notification Center:-

Before iOS 5, notifications were delivered. This system of media management

was greatly criticized. In the iOS 4 update, the notifications feature was
redesigned. Notifications collate in a window which can be dragged down from
the top of the screen. The old method of delivering notifications is still available
from Notification Settings if the user wishes to enable it for some or all
applications.

When an app sends a notification whilst closed, a red badge will appear on the
icon. This tells the user, how many notifications that it has sent.

4.2.4 Included applications:-

The iOS home screen contains these default "apps". Some of these applications
are hidden by default and accessed by the user through the Settings app or
another method—for instance, Nike is activated through theSettings app.

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4.3 Development:-

4.3.1 SDK:-
Steve Jobs announced that a software development kit (SDK) would be made
available to third-party developers in February 2008. The SDK was released on
March 7, 2008, and allows developers to make applications for the iPhone and
iPod Touch, as well as test them in an "iPhone simulator".

The fees to join the respective developer programs for iOS and OS X were each
set at $99.00 per year. Users can develop iOS and OS X applications using a
free copy of Xcode; however, they can't test their applications on physical iOS
devices, or publish them to the App store, without first paying the yearly $99.00
iPhone Developer or Mac Developer Program fees.

Developers are able to set any price above a set

minimum for their applications to be distributed
through the App Store, keeping 69% for the
developer, and leaving 30% for Apple. Alternatively,
they can opt to release the application for free and Figure 4.5

need not pay any costs to release the application

except for the membership fee.

4.4 security:-

Apple designed the iOS platform with security at its core. When they set out to
create the best possible mobile OS, they drew from decades of experience to
build an entirely new architecture. We developed and in corporated innovative
features that tighten mobile security and protect the entire system by default.

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Every iOS device
combines hardware,
software, and services
designed to work
together for a
transparent user
experience and
maximum security.IOS
protects not only the

device, but the entire ecosystem, Figure 4.6

including things users usually do.

IOS devices provide stringent security features, and they‘re easy for using.
Manyof these features are enabled by default, so IT department doesn‘t need to
perform configuration.

This document provides details about features areimplemented within the iOS
platform. It will help organizations combine iOSplatform security technology with
their policies to meet their specific security needs.

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 Chapter 5
BlackBerry

5.1 History :-
BlackBerry system has been designed and
marketed by the Company Canadian (Research
in Motion) and name has been Change to
(BlackBerry) and the company owner Mike
Lazaridis as shown in figure 5.1.

Figure 5.1 Mike Lazaridis CEO of BlackBerry

The first BlackBerry device has introduced in 1999

as two-way Pager in Munich, Germany, the name
was chosen due to the Resemblance of the
keyboard‘s buttons to that of the drupelets that
composes the BlackBerry fruit as shown in figure 5.1. Figure 5.2

The most common style has been put on the market in 2003 It‘s used the data
TAC Network and converting smartphone BlackBerry was released, Which
supports push Email, mobile Phone, text messaging, internet faxing web
browsing and other wireless Information services.

BlackBerry were be able to penetrate markets by concentration on Email,

Blackberry began to offer email service on non-BlackBerry devices, such as the
Palm Treo, through the Proprietary BlackBerry connect software.

The main BlackBerry device had a monochrome show while modern models
installed color displays.

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On January 30, 2013, Blackberry announced the releasing of the Z10 and Q10
smartphone. Both models consist of touch screen but the Z10 features an all-
touch screen designed and the Q10 join a QWERTY keyboard with touchscreen
features as shown in figure 5.3.

During the second quarter of 2013, BlackBerry sold

6.8 million but it was a small percentage for Nokia‘s
Lumia modal for the first time.

On August 12, 2013, Blackberry announced the

Figure 5.3
intention because of the financial crisis with the
company and competition in the mobile industry largely due to lower than
expected sales on the Z10, on September 20, 2013 BlackBerry announced for
end contract of 4.500 employees company and lower production from six to four
models, on September 23, 2013 , Firefox financial , which owns a 10 % equity
stake in BlackBerry made an offer to acquire BlackBerry for $4.7 billion (at $9.00
per share) , after this is announcement , BlackBerry announced of the offer
provisionally but it will continue to seek other offers on November 4,2013.

On November 4, 2013, Blackberry replaced Thorsten Heins with new interim

CEO John S. Chen, the for former CEO of Sybase, On November 8, new
management board refused to many proposals from many technology companies
to sell the company in order to preserve the public interest and the interest of
employees, investors and worker and even adkhole hope to lose staff to send a
massage to employees phones (We are committee to reclaiming our success).

29 | P a g e
5.2 Features:-
5.2.1 connectivity:-
BlackBerry smartphone can be placed on the e-mail system
devices BlackBerry through software package called
BlackBerry Enterprise server (BES) as shown5.4.

BEC are available for (Lotus Domino, Novell GroupWise and Figure 5.4
Microsoft Exchange) Google has also designed a link that
enables users to use the BES in Google Apps.

At the same time, the users have the ability to use the e-mail provider internet
without the need to prepare service (BES).

However, the organizations are usually running BEC on their own network, and
also some companies provide hosting servicesolutions BEC on its servers. Each
BlackBerry has its own identification number called a PIN, which is used to
identify the device of the BES. It is worth mentioning that it is possible to use the
free version of BES, called BES Express (BESX).

The primary BES feature is to relay email from a corporate mailbox to a

BlackBerry handheld device. The BES watch the user‘s mailbox, relaying new
messages to the handheld through RIM‘s Network Operations Center (NOC) and
user‘s Wi Fi supplier. This feature is known as thrust email, because all new
emails, contacts, task entries, memo pad entries, and notebookentrances are
pushed out to the BlackBerry device immediately (as opposed to the user
synchronizing the data manually or having the device poll the server at intervals).

Incorporated in the new models of the BlackBerry ability to track the current
location of the device through trilateration without the use of Global Positioning
System (GPS), which increases the effectiveness of the battery.

However, the accuracy of BlackBerry trilateration to be lower than those of the

GPS, and it is due to number of factors, such as blocking send cell tower
because of the big buildings, mountains, or distance.

BES also provides handhelds with TCP/IP connectivity accessed through a

component called MDS (Mobile Data System) communication service. This
allows custom application expansionusing data streams on BlackBerry device
based on the Sun Microsystem Java ME platform.

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 In addition BES supports network security in the form of Triple DES , and more
recently blinding AES to encode all data (both e-mail, and function MDS)
transmitted between mobile BlackBerry server and the BlackBerry institutions.

Displays most service provides constant monthly pricing BlackBerry to transfer

an unlimited amount of data between BlackBerry devices and the BES. In
addition to receiving e-mail, internal networks that are designed or customized
internal application using non-follow-up quantities of data transfer rate.

With modern versions of BlackBerry devices, there is no longer need to use the
MDS component to access data wirelessly. The beginning of
OS 4.0, BlackBerry devices can phones to access the
internet (the arrival of a package of internet protocols (TCP/IP), ie) without
MDS where it was not possible to access only to e-mail system and wireless
applications without BES / MDS previously.

Still the BES / MDS is required in order to get an e-mail, application, and secure
data requires the use of WAP mobile phone companies that do not provide WAP
service.

And can use BlackBerry internet service (BIS) instead of the BlackBerry
Enterprise Server. BlackBerry Internet Service is available in 91 countries
internationally.

BlackBerry Internet Service was developed primarily for the average consumer
rather than for the business consumer.

5.2.2 BlackBerry internet service:-

The main alternative to the BlackBerry to the BlackBerry server for companies is
the BlackBerry internet service. BlackBerry internet Service is available in 91
countries around the word, where it was developed for the use of the average
consumer rather than business man. BlackBerry Internet

Serviceallows integration with technology IMAP, POP3, and that up to ten email
accounts, including popular online such as (Hotmail, Yahoo and
Gmail).BlackBerry Internet Service allows also using Figure 5.5the capabilities of
―Payment‖ is available in many applications designed by company BlackBerry
applications such as immediate Messaging and social networking application
(Twitter, Facebook, and MySpace) as shown in figure 5.4.

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5.3 Development:-
5.3.1Original BlackBerry:-
The original BlackBerry device had a monochrome display while newer models
installed color displays. All modern models have been
optimized for ―thumbing‖, the use of only the thumbs to
type on a keyboard. The storm 1 and storm 2 include a
Sure Type keyboardfor typing. Originally, system
navigation was achieved with the use of

Scroll wheel mounted on the right side of device models

before the 8700. The track wheel was replaced by the
trackball with the introduction of the pearl series which
allowed 4-ways scrolling. The trackball was replaced
Figure 5.5
by the visual trackball with the introduction of the
curve 8500 series models to use IDEN network such as Nextel a Mike also
incorporate a push-to-talk (PTT) merit, like a two-way radio as shown in figure
5.5.

5.3.2 Software:-
A new operating system, RIM CEO Thorsten Heins the loss in the development
of the operating system features such as camera which able to rewind frame-by-
frame allow selecting of the best shot as shown in figure 5.6.

Further information: BlackBerry 10.

I have been using the operating system, which was developed by RIM
development lose him for the use of input devices such as track wheel, trackball
and track pad.

The OS provides support for Java MIDP 1.0 and WAP

1.2. Previous versions allowed wireless synchronization
with Microsoft Exchange Server email and calendar.as
well as with Lotus Domino email, OS 5.0 provides a subset of MIDP 2.0, and
allows complete wireless activation and Synchronization with Exchange email

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 (tasks, calendar contacts and notes) and adds support for Louts Notes and
Novell GroupWise.

The BlackBerry curve 9360, bold 9900/9930 and torch 9850/9860 feature the
most recent BlackBerry OS 7 (launched in 2011). Apps are available for these
devices through BlackBerry word (which before 2013 was called BlackBerry App
World) as shown in figure 5.7.

5.4 Security :-
Blackberry protect is designed to help you find your lost BlackBerry smartphone
where keep to data from lost and stored it on your smartphone and protect
located on map.

Figure 5.6

5.5 Policy & License:-

,
In 2000 the company sent the NTP to notice that the number of companies that
NTP owns patents in the field of wireless email, and it is her right to use these
patents also offered to license the patent in return for cash. The NTP raised the
issue, claiming patent infringement against the company invented Research in
Motion in the US .federal court for the Eastem District of Virginia, which is known
its commitment to strict schedules and deadlines as they are known in the
optimal rule in patent issues in particularas shown in figure 5.9.

The jury decided that the inventions that NTP was correct and that RIM violated
intentionally, and that the court ordered RIM to pay U.S $ 33 million in damages
because the NTP. Judge JamesSpencer decided to increase the value of the

33 | P a g e
damage to U.S $ 53 million as a punitive measure because the violation was
considered intentional. The judge asked RIM to pay 4.5 million dollars in
compensation for the costs of litigation, legal, also issued a judicial order to stop
the use of patents by RIM, which offer BlackBerry systems to stop working in the
United States.

Research in Motion has resumed all the court decision, and has been suspended
pending the court order pending the outcome of the appeal. In March 2005, and
during the deliberations of the appeal, I tried Research in Motion though NTP to
reach a settlement of their dispute where by RIM to pay $ 450 million dollars
because the NTP, but the negotiations collapsed, and the two sides returned to
the litigation in the June 2005.

In November 2005, Justice Department documents sent to the court and asked
them to allow BlackBerry service to continue due to the large number of users in
the United States government. In January 2006, U.S court refused to hear the
appeal RIM, which led to case back to the court of judge spencer, which may
Yadi to implement the court order to stop the BlackBerry service in the United
States if the judge has confirmed that, in the event the parties have to settle.

On February 9, 2006, the pentagon documents sent to the court stating that the
service is stooped, expect for BlackBerry users, the government is not technically
before the implementation, as the Ministry of Defense confirmed that the
BlackBerry service is essential to national security because of its use significantly
in the government.

In February 2006, RIM announced that it was able to develop programs to allow
the running BlackBerry without violating patents that the NTP, and announced
that they will use them if the execution of an order of suspension.

On March 3, 2006, after a stern warning from Judge Spencer, RIM announced
that although VTB for the settlement of the conflict, as required by the settlement
to pay RIM of U.S. $ 612.5 million ―full and final settlement of all claims." She
said RIM in a statement,―has been completed all the terms of the agreement, and
was shut down litigation against RIM court order was issued during the
afternoon. Terminate this Agreement possibility of litigation or an order to pay
damages or stop the service." Is that a lot of local financial settlement was little
value because it did not require RIM to pay a percentage of revenue for the
intellectual property of the disputed technology

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 Chapter 6
Symbian Os
6.1 History:-
Symbian is a closed-source mobile operating system and computing platform
designed for smartphones and currently maintained by Accenture ( Accenture is
a multinational management consulting, technology services, and outsourcing
company ). The current form of Symbian is an open-source platform developed
by Symbian Foundation in 2009, as the successor of the original Symbian Os.
Symbian was used by many major mobile phone brands like Samsung, Motorola,
Sony Ericson, and Nokia. Nokia was the most
popular smartphone on a worldwide average until
the end of 2010. Symbian became famous from its
use with the S60 platform built by Nokia ( Series 60
user interface is a software platform for
smartphones that runs on the Symbian operating
system ), first released in 2002 and powering most
Nokia smartphones. In May 2011 an update,
Symbian Anna, was officially announced, followed
by Nokia Belle in August 2011. On 11 February
2011, Nokia announced that it would use Microsoft's Figure 6.1
Windows Phone OS as its primary smartphone
platform. On 22 June 2011 Nokia made an agreement with Accenture for an
outsourcing program. Accenture will provide Symbian-based software
development and support services to Nokia through 2016.

Symbian established from EPOC ( EPOC is family of graphical operating

systems developed by Psion ), an operating system created by Psion ( Psion is
a designer and manufacturer of mobile handheld computers ) in the 1980s. In
June 1998, Psion software became Symbian Ltd.

Different software platforms were created for Symbian, for different mobile phone
manufacturers. They include Nokia, Samsung, LG etc… .

Nokia became the major contributor to Symbian's code, since it then possessed
the development resources for both the Symbian OS core and the user interface.

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 Since then Nokia has been maintaining its own code for the platform
development regularly releasing its development to the public repository.

Symbian was intended to be developed by a community led by the Symbian

Foundation, which was first announced in June 2008 and which officially
launched in April 2009. Its objective was to publish the source code for the entire
Symbian platform under the OSI (Open Source Initiative is an organization
dedicated to promoting open-source software ) and FSF (Free Software
Foundation is a non-profit organization founded by Richard Stallman on 4
October 1985 to support the free software movement ) approved Eclipse Public
License (Eclipse Public License (EPL) is an open source software license used
by the Eclipse Foundation for its software ). The code was published under EPL
on 4 February 2010; Symbian Foundation reported this event to be the largest
codebase moved to Open Source in history.

In November 2010, the Symbian Foundation announced that due to changes in

global economic and market conditions (and also a lack of support from
members such as Samsung and Sony Ericsson), it would switch to a licensing-
only organization; Nokia announced it would take over the management of the
Symbian platform. Symbian Foundation will remain the trademark holder and
licensing entity and will only have non-executive directors involved.

On 11 February 2011, Nokia announced a partnership with Microsoft that would

use Windows Phone as its primary Smartphone platform, and dropping Symbian
as its main Smartphone OS of choice.

As a consequence, the use of the Symbian platform for building mobile

applications dropped rapidly. Research in June 2011 indicated that over 39% of
mobile developers using Symbian were planning to abandon the platform.

6.2 Features:-
Symbian has had a native graphics toolkit since its inception, known as AVKON
(formerly known as Series 60). S60 was designed to be manipulated by a
keyboard-like interface metaphor.

There are lots of features in the Symbian:-

Browser:- The browser is based on a port of Apple Inc.‘s open source Web Core
and JavaScript Core frameworks which form the WebKit rendering engine that
Apple uses in its Safari Web browser. Symbian was the first mobile platform to
make use of WebKit (in June 2005). Some older Symbian models have Opera

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 Mobile as their default browser. Nokia released a new browser with the release
of Symbian Anna with improved speed and an improved user
interface.

Live Widgets:- The Nokia Phones has Free Form as well as

resizable widgets. Many Smartphone's has widgets, the
Symbian Belle offers widgets such as world clocks, and email
icon, and music player, contacts and calendar widgets are
now available. They can be resized and rearranged to any
layout that works best for you. There is also a new Toggle for widgets, this works
for when you want to toggle between Bluetooth and emailing
for an example. Figure 6.2

Home Screens:- There are 6 new home screens available on

Nokia phones. There used to be 3 on the older models and now
there are 6 different styles.

New Status Bar:- The new and improved status bar has a brand
new modern look that brings in a pull down notification tab that
includes common mobile phone settings and alerts you with
notification of messages and missed calls.

Multiple language support:- Symbian has strong localization

support enabling manufacturers and 3rd party application developers
to localize their Symbian based products in order to support global
distribution. Current Symbian release (Symbian Belle) has support
for 48 languages, which Nokia makes available on device in
language packs (set of languages which cover the languages
commonly spoken in the area where the device variant is intended to be sold).
Figure 6.3

6.3 Development:-
Application Development:-
6.3.1 Qt:-
Is a cross-platform application framework that is widely used for developing
application software with a graphical user interface. As of 2010, the SDK for
Symbian is standard C++, using Qt. It can be used with either Qt Creator, or
Carbide. A phone simulator allows testing of Qt apps. Apps compiled for the
simulator are compiled to native code for the development platform, rather than
having to be emulated. Application development can either use C++ or QML.

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6.3.2 Symbian C++:-
As Symbian OS is written in C++ using Symbian Software's coding standards, it
is possible to develop using Symbian C++, although it is not a standard
implementation. Before the release of the Qt SDK, this was the standard
development environment. There were multiple platforms based on Symbian OS
that provided software development kit (SDKs) for application developers wishing
to target Symbian OS devices, the main ones being UIQ and S60.

The SDKs contain documentation, the header files and library files needed to
build Symbian OS software, and a Windows-based emulator ("WINS"). Up until
Symbian OS version 8, the SDKs also included a version of the GNU Compiler
Collection (GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is a compiler system produced by
the GNU Project (GNU Project is a free software its aim is to give computer users
freedom and control in their use of their computers and computing devices
)supporting various programming languages) compiler (a cross-compiler) needed
to build software to work on the device.

Unfortunately, Symbian C++ programming has a steep learning curve, as

Symbian C++ requires the use of special techniques such as descriptors, active
objects and the cleanup stack. This can make even relatively simple programs
initially harder to implement than in other environments.

6.3.3 Other Languages :-

Symbian devices can also be programmed using Python, Java ME,Ruby, etc… .

6.3.4 Deployment:-
Once developed, Symbian applications need to find a route to customers'
mobile phones. They are packaged in SIS (SIS is an acronym that stands for
Software Installation Script. It is an archive for Symbian OS ) files which may be
installed over-the-air, via PC connect, Bluetooth or on a memory card.

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 Conclusion
At the end of the project we should know :-
1. How the idea of mobile phones started and how it was applied.
2. the main usage of mobile phones and how they improved this idea
to reach high point of progress.
3. How they reached this progress in mobile phones by using
different types of operating systems.
4. The used operating systems on mobile phones are:-
4.1.1. Symbian
4.1.2. Android
4.1.3. BlackBerry
4.1.4. IOS
4.1.5. Windows Phone
Each of these operating systems has its own history , options,
features , development and developers and also has its own
interface and it's applications and the company which own it .

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References:

Book:
“Mobile Operating Systems and Programming:
Mobile Communications”
By: Arash Habibi Lashkari , Mohammadreza
Moradhaseli
“Is it a PC”
By: Andreas Jakl

Website:
Mobile Operating Systems form Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system
GSMArena.com – The ultimate resource for GSM
handset information.
http://www.gsmarena.com/

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 Project's Student List:

Name: ID:
Mahmoud Amr Hosney 20130229
Mahmoud Samir Farag 20130228
Ahmed Moatasem Mustafa 20130042
Ahmed Magdy Mohamed 20130032
Mahmoud Hassan Ali 20130224
Moustafa Mahmoud Mohamed 20130243

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