API 682 e4 BALLOT DRAFT

ISO 21049 FDIS (?)

Henri Azibert - Ralph Gabriel

Overview of API-682
First Edition
2

Released in October 1994

First complete seal standard

Intended to default to proven sealing solutions

Mission Statement
3

This standard is designed to

default to the equipment types most
commonly supplied that have a high
probability of meeting the objective
of a least three years of uninterrupted
service while complying with
emissions regulations.

Publication Dates
4

API 682 1st edition issued 1994

API 682 2nd edition issued July 2002

ISO 21049 issued 2004

API 682 3rd edition issued September 2004

API 682 4th edition in progress by taskforce

Approved by API
Will not be an ISO 21049 document
DIS and FDIS 21049 have been reviewed worldwide
Disagreement between ISO and API
Scheduled to be published in 1Q 2013 as an API only document

API 682 Taskforce

5

1st Edition Taskforce was refineries only

2nd and 3rd Edition Taskforce

included chemical plant representatives

included European representatives

4th Edition Taskforce

Chairman Rick Eickhoff, ExxonMobil

Gordon Buck
Henri Azibert
Mike Huebner
.

New Concepts in
1st Edition
6

A different kind of Standard

Seal types

Configurations

Qualification testing

Seal selection procedure

Tutorials

Background for
2nd Edition
7

Success of the First Edition

Applications outside of refining

Applications to non-API 610 pumps

Advancements in sealing technology

Creation of an international standard (ISO 21049)

Overview of Changes in 2nd Edition

8

Expansion of scope

Separation of pump and seal standards

New seal types

Expanded seal configurations

Introduction of seal categories

Testing requirements for new seal types

New piping plans

Modified selection procedure

Lets take a look at those changes

New Seal Types in 2nd

9

Containment seals
Non-contacting dry-running
Contacting dry-running

Non-contacting liquid seals

Dry running dual seals

These new seal types often required

New designs, especially face designs
New materials
New piping plans and systems

Seal Arrangements in 2nd

10

Arrangement 1
Single seal

Arrangement 2
Dual non-pressurized seals
Expanded to include dry running containment
seals

Arrangement 3
Dual pressurized seals
Expanded to include dry running gas barrier
seals

Seal Categories in 2nd

11

Different applications may require different levels of

seal sophistication

Practice during 1st Ed. was to specify modified

API-682 seals

Size restrictions because of pump construction

Cost impact of 1st Ed. seals

Categories were often discussed as

API seals (normal and heavy duty)
ANSI seals

Operating Ranges
12

600
500

psig

400

1st Ed

300
200
100
0
-100

100

200

300

400
F

500

600

700

800

Operating Ranges
2nd vs 1st
13

2nd Ed

Cat II & III Seals

600
500

psig

400

1st Ed

300

Cat I Seals

200

(2nd Ed)

100
0
-100

100

200

300

400
F

500

600

700

800

3rd Edition Overview

14

3rd Ed API 682 was almost exactly same as 2nd

Aligned API 682 with ISO 21049

Most changes were editorial

Scope of Revisions to 4th

15

Original intent of 4th edition

Include and extend 3rd edition

Edit 3rd edition for errors and clarity
Consistency with ISO 13709 / API 610
Address comments submitted to API about 3rd Ed

Revisions

Minor
Major
New material

Minor revisions to 4th

16

Scope
ES is out-of-scope not a seal type

Organizational
More definitions
Moved qualification test details to Annex I
Described seal hierarchy
Revised data forms (essentially same data)

Technical

Plans 53A, 53B, 53C to have equal working volumes

Seal code revised

Major revisions to 4th

17

Pipe / Shipping Plugs

Clearances
Configurations
Piping Plans
Qualification test details
Forms revised
Tutorials expanded

Current Status
18

As of February 2013

Completed the API and ISO DIS and FDIS reviews

FDIS comments received but disagreement
between ISO and API
A ballot has been submitted to API Member
Ballot comments were received and responded to
in December of 2012
Publication date is expected in early 2013

Lets

look at the details

Scope
Section 1
19

Sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps used in the

petroleum, natural gas and chemical industries

It is applicable mainly for hazardous, flammable and/or toxic services

where a greater degree of reliability is required for the reduction of

both emissions to the atmosphere and life-cycle sealing costs.

It covers seals for pumps with diameters from 20 mm (0.75 in to 110

mm (4.3 in).

Applicable to new and retrofitted pumps per ISO 13709 (API 610) and
ASME B73.1 and ASME B73.2, and API 676. (No longer reference to
ISO 3069)

Definitions
Section 3
20

The longer, more involved definitions have been moved from Section 3

into the general body of the standard. For example, the definitions of
Arrangements, Categories and Types have been moved into Section 4.

The Type A and B seals are no longer defined as having rotating flexible

elements and Type C is not defined as having a stationary flexible element.

Instead, the design choice of having the flexible element rotate or remain
stationary is independent and said to be technically equivalent.

The definitions have been revised to be more consistent with terms that

are used in the industry in general. Yet some traditions are hard to break

through; for example the definitions of seal ring and mating ring were
essentially retained even though in some designs the very same physical

seal ring can either be a seal ring or a mating ring.

Section 4 - Sealing Systems

Seal Hierarchy
21

Section 4 - Sealing Systems

Configurations
22

Three Arrangements
Single
Dual unpressurized
Dual pressurized

Interface
Contacting
Non contacting

Liquid vs. gas

Throttle bushing type

Generic Figures
23

General
Section 5
24

Definitely minor changes

Addition of parentheses around customary

units

Lets go to some important changes in

Section 6
Design Requirements

Pipe plugs
25

Previous editions required metal pipe plugs in gland plate

Same plug material as gland plate material

No PTFE tape or anti-seize compound
Anaerobic lubricant / sealant

Changed to plastic shipping plug

International red plug with yellow tag

Metal pipe plugs bagged and shipped with cartridge

Shipping Plugs
26

Plastic shipping plugs

Warning tag required

Major Change:
Clearances
27

1st, 2nd, 3rd Ed specified clearances for

Fluid volume (thinking of seal OD to seal
chamber)
Pumping ring (thinking of pumping ring OD to
seal chamber)
Bushing (thinking of bushing ID to sleeve OD)

4th edition added specifications for sleeve OD to

stationary parts

Clearances
28

Clearances are based on shaft diameter

Minimum Clearances

Maximum clearances

outside of rotating part to inside of chamber or gland

Outside of a seal part to inside of another seal part
Outside of a circulation device to inside of gland
Outside of a rotating part to inside of a containment
fixed bushing (Containment Seals configurations)
Outside of sleeve to inside of floating bushing
Outside of sleeve to inside of fixed bushing

Examine the table of clearances

Clearances
29

This clearance is primarily for fluid presence

(shown as radial clearance)

Clearances
30

This clearance is to prevent

rubbing
- new, not previously specified

(shown as
radial
clearance)

Clearances
31

This clearance is to prevent rubbing

(shown as
radial
clearance)

Variations
1st:
6mm (0.25 in)
2nd, 3rd: 3mm (0.125 in)

Clearances
32

Variations
1st:
NA
2nd, 3rd: 3mm (0.125 in)

(shown as radial
clearance)
This clearance is to provide isolation

Clearances
33

Throttle bushing clearances are unchanged from 3rd Ed

Clearances
34

Clearances with Caution

35

The intent of setting minimal clearances should in no way be construed

as implying that any seal component can be used to restrict shaft
movement in the event of bearing failure or other machinery or operation
problem.

The importance of having sufficient design clearance to ensure adequate

reliability and personal safety in hazardous, toxic and flammable services

is paramount.

Diametral clearances may be compromised in the event of the following

scenarios:

Wear of shaft bearings beyond their design limits

Operation of the pump beyond its allowable operating range
Existing pumps that have damaged, corroded or worn parts that control the radial
location of the shaft to the casing.

Clearances with Caution

36

These minimal clearances will be adequate in

equipment that is built and/or maintained to the
specifications of ISO 13709 and ANSI B73.

For other equipment built, repaired, or operated to

different specifications these clearances might not
be sufficient. Larger clearances should be
considered for:

Pump designs unable to conform to ISO 13709, API 610,

ISO 21049, API 682 and ANSI B73.1 and B73.2.
Pumps installed with mounting and flange strain, from
connecting pipe-work, beyond the recommended limits
of those standards

Clearances with Caution

37

These minimal clearances are to prevent contact between

rotary and stationary parts, but internal clearances in dual
seals also need to be sufficient to insure proper circulation of
the barrier/buffer fluid and cooling of the seal faces

This is particularly important in face to back configuration

where barrier/buffer fluid circulation to the inner seal is
inherently physically remote from the connections. Inadequate
cooling of the inner seal can result in reduced seal reliability.

Selection of 3CW-BB or FF configuration or use of process

fluid seal chamber cooling may resolve an inner seal cooling
problem.

Less Prescription
38

An example of being less specific is found in the requirement for

positive retention of seal components under reverse pressure
conditions (either vacuum or internal vs. external pressure).

The new edition now provides alternative figures and lists them as
examples of such designs.

KEY 1 retaining feature

a)
Positive retention

b)

Dbi Dm Dbo
Pressure retention (with
L-shaped mating ring)

Less Prescription
39

Another example of making recommendations more generic is

found in the section about distributed flush. The figures are
shown for rotating as well as stationary seals and it is clearly
stated that:

a)

These are only examples other configurations may be used.

Rotating flexible element b)

Rotating flexible element c) Stationary flexible element

Configurations
Section 7
40

More emphasis on configurations

Almost any configuration is OK

F-B, F-F, B-B is OK
Rotating or stationary springs are equivalent
Configurations must be tested

More designs are recognized for pumping rings and

outlets. Performance is verified through
performance testing.

Tangential outlets are no longer specifically listed

as preferred.

Configurations
41

A change has been made to the specification for

throttle bushings.

A fixed bushing is now only for category 1

(previously it was for categories 1 and 2)

Floating bushings are required for categories 2 and

3.

In addition, segmented carbon bushings are now an

option for Category 2 and Category 3 seals

Seal Configurations
42

Accessories Section 8
43

Filling, Venting, and Draining

Pipe and Tubing Specifications

Components

Air and Water Coolers

Strainers
Cyclone Separators
Flow Control Orifices
Reservoirs 3 & 5 gallon minimum
Accumulator Sizes Plan 53B
Piston Accumulators Plan 53C
Collection Reservoirs Plan 65A/B & Plan 75
Gas Panels Plan 72 & 74

Instrumentation Section 9
44

In general, transmitters will replace switches!

Local indicators

To get switches they must be specified!

Output signal type
Indicating or non-indicating
Analogue or digital
Housing and power supply requirements

45

Section 10

INSPECTION
TESTING
PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT

Test Requirements
46

Testing
Individual seal testing

Type testing
Qualification

Fluids
Sizes
Steady state /Cyclic
Seal types
Seal arrangements

Component
Integrity
Hydrostatic testing
- Seal chambers
- Gland plates
- Reservoirs
- Heat exchangers

Cartridge
Integrity

OEM

Air test
- Single
- Dual
Pump
performance
test

Testing
47

Qualification tests have existed since 1st Ed

Details of qualification testing moved to Annex I & updated

Assembly integrity test retained in Section 10

Reorganized sub-section
No change in details

If glands are made from bar stock they dont necessarily need to be
hydrotested

Data Transfer Section 11

48

Forms from Annex C & Annex E

Other documents as specified in the order

Inspector Checklist Annex H

Annexes
49

Many details are in the Annexes

Some are Informative

Some are Normative

Contents

A - Seal selection - Informative

B - Materials - Informative
C - Data sheets - Informative
D - Seal codes - Informative
E - Data requirement forms Normative
F - Tutorial - Informative
G - Piping plans - Normative
H - Inspector checklist - Informative
I - Qualification testing - Normative

Annex A: Seal Selection

50

Informative
Summaries of

Seal selection

Categories 1, 2, 3
Arrangements 1, 2, 3
Seal types A, B, C
Engineered Seal Design

Tutorial
Tables
Logic diagrams

Piping Plans

Brief Tutorial tied to selection sheets

Alternate Selection Method

51

Proposed by Michael Goodrich, 2010

Risk Based Pump-Seal Selection Guideline Complementing

ISO 21049 / API 682
Selects seal arrangement
Based on
UN Globally Harmonized System Hazard Codes
OSHA Globally Harmonized System of Classification &
Labeling of Chemicals
Material Safety Data Sheets
Presented at 2010 Pump Symposium
Compares favorably to choices made by experienced engineers

Seal Selection Logic

52

Materials Annex B
53

Content and tables expanded to be more global

More tutorial in nature

Much more information on Seal Face Materials,

Elastomers, and Bushings

Datasheets Annex C
54

Datasheets are entirely new

If an option is allowed by the standard then the choice must be

included on the datasheet

Two pages

Variations of the form are OK

Must include same information

Datasheet Details
55

Seal Codes - Annex D

56

Informative

8 position segment code

Different from 1, 2, 3 Edition

Different from API 610

But uses some of the old material codes

F = fluoroelastomer
N = carbon vs reaction bonded silicon carbide
etc

API 682 reclaims custody of old API 610 code

Example: BSTFL
Old 610 code is still obsolete

4th Edition Seal Code

57

Gaskets

Containment

Faces

1 2 A P F O 050 11/52
Type
Arrangement

Category

Shaft Size

Piping Plan

Data Requirement Forms - Annex E

58

Annex J, 3rd Ed was moved/combined into Annex E

Two Data Requirement Forms

Inquiries and Proposals

Contracts

Technical Tutorial Annex F

59

Seal Leakage

Vapor Pressure Margins

Calculations

Piping Plans

Set Screw holding power

Etc.

Plan 53B Details

60

Annex F includes details and calculations for 53B

Piping Plans

Think Piping Plan not Flush Plan

Pipe and tubing

Single and dual seals

Symbol Library

PI = Pressure Indicator
PIT = Pressure Transmitter with Local Indicator

Combined descriptions, schematics and illustrations

Piping plan figures do not specify features such as

Throttle bushings
Connections and locations, etc
Rotating, stationary, configuration, etc
See other clauses for features other than piping schematics

61

New Piping Plans

62

Plan 03

Plan 55

Leakage detection and collection for Arrangement 1

Plan 66 A/B

external pump for Arrangement 2 buffer fluid

Plan 65 B

no piping
special seal chamber promotes circulation

Leakage detection and routing for Arrangement 1

(See Clause 7.1.2.3)

Plan 99

Engineered piping plan not defined by other plans

63

Piping Plan 11

Most popular piping

plan

Used here as example

Piping schematic
Seal illustration
Text

Plan 03
64

Internal circulation from shape of seal chamber

Plan 55
65
Dual unpressurized seals
-> Arrangement 2
(Tandem Seals)

Flush to inner seal is

not part of Plan 55

Plan 55
External
Source

Plan 65A

66

Drain
Connection on
bottom!

Atmospheric leakage
collection and detection
Valve instead of
orifice

Plan 66A
67
Single seals
Leakage management
Leakage detection

PIT
to leakage
disposal

Two throttle bushings

Plan 66B
68
Single seals
Leakage management
Leakage detection

PIT

to leakage
disposal

5 Drilled
Plug in 4

One throttle bushing

Floating Type

Inspectors Checklist Annex H

69

Qualification Testing
70

Liquid seals

No changes for FB configurations

Different test for BB and FF

Containment seals

Gas matched to test liquid

Qualification Test Concepts

71

Dynamic (3600 rpm)

Base point pressure and temperature

Steady state for 100 hours minimum

Static

Cyclic

simulated upset cycles

Final Static Test

Organization of Testing
72

Organization of Testing
73

Complete matrix of tests would be about 4000 tests!

All seals, arrangements, configurations, etc are not tested in all

fluids

Configurations are
mapped into the test plan

Qualification Tests
Non-Specifics
74

Fixed throttle bushings

Dynamic secondary seal material

Except durometer for O-rings

Static secondary seal material

External pumps (Plan 54)

Qualification Test Conditions

75

Seal Sizes for Testing

76

Based on balance diameter

Previously nominal 2 and 4

Cat 1 seals typically smaller

Changed to
Cat 1
Cat 2 and 3

1.5 to 2
2 to 3

3 to 4
4 to 5

Face Materials Qualification

77

Normally two seal sizes are tested

Additional materials may be qualified with one test

Tested with large seal size

Tested against a previously qualified material

A and B qualified by testing small and large sizes

C qualified for use with B by testing only large size

D qualified for use with A by testing only large size

C and D not qualified for use together

EPA Method 21
Emissions Monitoring
78

Clarifications needed for API 682:

Method 21 is a manual method intended for use in the field

Seal OEMs use data acquisition systems during qualification testing

Changes

Use Method 21 as a reference

No changes to the 1000 ppm criteria

Questions ?
79