Software Development Life Cycle

Abstract-

In

recent

times

software

1. INTRODUCTION

maintaining ability is the main ongoing

business issue in large scale applications

Maintainability refers to as the measure that

which is been focused adequately during

would ease and speed up with which a system

software development process in order to

process can be restored to operational status

minimize

after a failure. Generally the process of building

the

time

for

completion.

Inclusion of the features targeting for

any

maintainability features in the software

systems

application during its development can

different development methodology refers to

scrutinize the efforts in real time use.

the framework that is used to plan , manage

Software Development Life Cycle is a

and

well-defined and approach which is being

information system. Over the last few decades

practices towards the development of a

to improve software quality, with varying

high scale software system. This paper

degree

will provide set of activities and practices

methodologies have been evolved. But not

for

planning,

even a single approach that will prevent project

architecting , coding and testing and

over runs failures in all cases. The branch of

maintenance

development

software engineering(SE) has been evolved as

applications. This deals with five of those

the application of a quantifiable, disciplined,

models namely Waterfall model, Iterative

systematic, to the development maintenance

model, V-shaped model, Spiral model,

of software and the study of these approaches.

agile model. This paper also studies one

The application of engineering to software as it

of the existing SDLC model and prove

integrates

with statistical results that proposed new

mathematics and practices which have roots in

SDLC

engineering. A software development process

people

model

involved

software

is

capable

maintainable application.

in

of

building

computer
has

control

of

software
been

and

always

process

success

significant

of

information

challenged

developing

various

process

computer

by

an

and

science,

is a structured development of a software

product.

It

basically

provides

Information

Technology(IT) managers with the tools to help

ensure successful implementation of systems

or

applications

business

that

objectives.

satisfy
The

strategic

and

documentation

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Project Planning
Requirement definition
Design
Development
Test
Installation & Acceptance

provides a mechanism to ensure that executive

leadership, managers and user sign- off on the

It is a step by step procedure with output

requirements

form a

and

implementation

of

the

system. The process provide management with

the

capability

of

design,

develop

specific page acts as the initial

input for the following stage.

and

2. HISTORY

implement your intended system and ensure

that its completed on time delivery and within
proposed budget. SDLC is a process that is
used by a system analyst for developing an
system,

including

requirements,

validation,

training, and ownership. An SDLC is a high

quality system that meets or exceeds customer
expectation that will reach be completed within
the time and cost estimates, works effectively
and precisely planned Information Technology
infrastructure

that

is

inexpensive

for

maintaining and cost- effective.

The history of System

Development Life

Cycle came into existence in an imprecisely

way since 1960 where developers started to
create programs for specific needs. Initially the
term has been observed by different software
development

companies

like

format

of

planning, building, testing and implementing,

software companies have developed their own
version of developing specific products for their
clients

for

each

version

of

software

development is called Model.

The Data processing group consisted of a small
tight group of programmers who could easily
communicate with each other with minimal
tools to develop software applications.
In last 15 years, many other affected the IT
culture that demand stringent methodologies.
Newlaws such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002 were created by Congress in response to

There are various stages in the Software

Developmet Life Cycle like.

major corporate and accounting scandals that

cost investors billions of dollars. Now, they

literally

are

of

in time. Analysts conquer questions about

and

the intended use of software for various

compliances with good practices and COBIT

applications ad kind of data that can be

(Control Objectives for Information and related

processed, Steps for as the data to be

Technologies) are now a very serious and

handled by software and how the data can

almost dominating factor in all IT decision-

be accessed in system once.

Information

making.

involved

in

every

Technology

Many

considerable

IT

security

companies

monies

and

aspect

now

resources

spend
on

IT

Governance the catchword for this effort.

These developments can be applied in various
situations to ensure product created should
succeed for various applications.

(SDLC

forms, n.d.)

It is the first stage in SDLC. Usually

performed by a senior member of the team
from

requirements

phase

the

functions that the system can perform.

Developers

will

use

either

specific

language to create a software or they could

use available one. They determine the
requirements

in

building

the

software. As developers in this stage create

1. Planning and requirement analysis:

inputs

the

software should have a detailed list of

technical
3. STAGES

with

After

customers,

sales

a workflow that will be the basis of actual

design.
3.

Design: A software will need to be

made

based

on

the

needs

and

department and experts. Planning for the

architectural plans designed by the

sake

developers.

of

quality

and

identification

This differs from other

requirements of risks associated with the

models where some actually use a

project is completed in this phase. The

specific language while some use tools

technical outcome is to define the various

without the use of a language while

technical

other models will use the available

approaches

that

should

be

followed to implement the project with

components

minimum risks and a successful one.

Focus will be on how the ideas of

2. Defining Requirements: In this phase

various needs of the company are outlined.
The higher authority and users make their
list of things to be completed by software

to

requirements
accomplished,

create

gathering
designers

software.

phase

are

consider

different criteria from hardware and

operating

systems

platform

that

hosting the software to the way sub

the

systems will communicate with each

Developers might look out for bugs and

other. Te total emphasis during this

work on them before the software is

stage is on making a practical, working

6.

capabilities

for

multiple

users.

integrated on to the system.

Maintenance: Routine hardware and

design for what has been outlined in

software
4.

upgrade

are

performed to ensure effective system

stage where actual development start

operations.

and product is built. The code is

during this phase to acquaint new

generated by DDS in this stage. If the

users to system to introduce new

design is performed in a detailed and

features

well-structured

manner,

code

additional user support is provided as

generation

be

accomplished

an ongoing activity to help resolve

can

without much difficulty.

7.

User

to

training

current

continues

users.

Any

problems reported by previous users.

Deposition:
After
some
time
a

The main objective is to ensure

pertaining software will be of no use. A

the system is working according to the

new version spftware will replace the

sponsors

system

older one as it may no longer answer

communications,

the concern of its users. These are

requirements.

components,
applications,

5.

maintenance

the phase.
Development and testing : This the

The

procedures

and

some of the reasons why a software

associated documentation are acquired

should be disposed. Developers will

and integrated.

have to inform its users in advance the

Implementation: During this phase the

enhanced

system

is

installed

in

production environment where users

are trained. It is sent through serious
testing

before

integrating

in

real

environment. The software is available

for

sleected

users

and

gradually

opened for public use but in beta

version. A cycle of testing from closed
beta to open beta will summarize

discontinuation

of

support

to

the

product before disposing. In software

development environment, the disposal
phase usually means another system is
in the work to replace the software to
be disposed.
1. Waterfall method: It is one of the
oldest and classical models of
software engineering that is

widely used in various major and

development process in a linear

government companies for

sequential flow hencoe called as

developing various systems. In

linear sequential life cycle method.

this model each phase must be

completed before the starting of
next one to avoid overlapping. It
illustrates the software