EDTO Workshop

Module N 6 Flight Operations considerations

Course Structure

Module 1
Course introduction

Module 2
Basic concepts

Module 3
Approval

Module 4
Aircraft Certification
Considerations

Module 5
Maintenance
Considerations

Module 6
Flight Operations
Considerations

Module 7
Implementing
EDTO Regulations

Module 8
Continued
Surveillance

Module 9
Summary

Module 10
Assessment
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Objectives

At the end of this module, participants will

understand the flight operations requirements
supporting EDTO operations.

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Outline

EDTO Flight Operations Program Overview

Airplane performance considerations
Approval route planning / EDTO area of
operations
Dispatch planning
Enroute considerations
Procedures documentation and training

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

EDTO Flight Operations Program

Overview

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 5

EDTO Flight Operations Program

Continued

Overview
1)

Define EDTO routes that will be covered by application.

2)

For each route, establish a list of Adequate En-route

Alternate Airports.

3)

Determine EDTO diversion time required and EDTO

engine inoperative planning speed.

4)

Establish EDTO Area of Operations.

5)

Establish a system for obtaining EDTO flight plan data.

- EDTO en-route alternates, Equal Time Points,
Critical Fuel Scenario, Time Limited Systems.

6)

Arrange to obtain weather data for EDTO en-route alternates.

7)

Ensure there is a method of communication between the

airplane and the airline during the flight (flight following).

EDTO Flight Operations Program

Continued

Overview (contd)
8)

Review EDTO provisions in the FAA approved MMEL

to establish the airlines MEL.

9)

Establish a method to check APU in-flight start reliability.

10) Designate an EDTO Check Airman.

11) Establish and document airline operating procedures for EDTO.
Note:

If the airline plans to change Boeing FCOM procedures,

determine if changes need to be re-validated

12) Revise the airlines flight crew guidance material to include

EDTO practices and procedures.
13) Train flight dispatchers and flight crew on EDTO requirements,
performance data, MEL and airline unique EDTO processes.

EDTO Flight Operations Program*

Continued

Section 303 and 304 of FAA AC 120-42B

Section 303, EDTO Flight Operations Guidelines
Airplane Performance Data
Airport Information
Dispatch
En-route
EDTO Procedures Documentation

Section 304, Flight Operations Training Guidelines

EDTO Unique Requirements
Check Airmen used in EDTO
Review of Training Program and Operating Manuals
* New advisory materials are consistent with current EDTO practices
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 8

EDTO Flight Operations Program*

Continued

EASA AMC 20-6, Revision 2

Chapter III - Operational Approval Considerations

Section 8: EDTO Operations Manual Supplement
Section 9: Flight Preparation and In-Flight Procedures
Section 10: Operational Limitations
Section 11: EDTO Enroute Alternate Aerodromes
Section 12: Initial/Recurrent Training

Appendix 3 - Operational Limitations

Appendix 4 - Flight Preparation and Inflight Procedures
Appendix 5 - EDTO Enroute Alternate Aerodromes
Appendix 6 - EDTO Training Programme
Appendix 7 - Typical EDTO Operations Manual Supplement

* New EASA guidance is largely harmonized with FAA rules

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 9

Agenda

Defining the EDTO area of operations

Performing EDTO Flight Planning
Conducting EDTO Flights
Conclusions

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

10

Area of operations is EDTO required?

EDTO
Extended Diversion Time Operations

Applies to operations conducted over a route that:

In Still air and ISA conditions
contains a point further than applicable threshold (e.g. 60 min flying time for
twins)
at the approved:

One Engine Inoperative (OEI) speed for twins

All Engine Operative (AEO) speed for airplanes with more than 2 engines

from an adequate airport.

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Area of operations is EDTO required?

Adequate airport

Adequate Airport

To be qualified as adequate an airport must be :

available,
compatible with the performance requirements for the expected landing weight,
have ground operational services such as ATS, lighting, communications, weather
reporting,
have at least one let-down navigation aid (ILS, VOR, NDB, Radar),
have emergency services: Minimum Rescue and Fire Fighting Category: 4
Note : Other criteria should be taken into account (e.g. Hotel Capacity, Maintenance
facilities,)

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Area of operations is EDTO required?

Continued

EDTO
Extended Diversion Time Operations

Applies to operations conducted over a route that:

In Still air and ISA conditions
contains a point further than applicable threshold (e.g. 60 min
flying time for twins)
at the approved speed:

One Engine Inoperative (OEI) speed for twins

All Engine Operative (AEO) speed for airplanes with more than 2 engines

from an adequate airport.

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Area of operations is EDTO required?

Diversion speed

Diversion Speed
The approved one engine inoperative speed
A diversion speed could be an IAS, TAS or even a MACH number.
As TAS is not constant, the diversion speed is established at a given
MACH/IAS combination, according to the aircraft capability:

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Area of operations is EDTO required?

Diversion speed (Cont)

Which speed to follow ?

Descent + Cruise
at the selected
speed schedule

Point of Engine Failure

60 min

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Area of operations is EDTO required?

Diversion speed (Cont)

Descent profile example:

Speed schedule
Max speed/MCT

Point of Engine Failure

MMO
VMO

Increasing Speed
with decreasing weight

Max Speed

60 min

Which speed to follow ?

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Area of operations is EDTO required?

Diversion speed (Cont)

Diversion Speed

Choice of a Strategy
The Strategy is defined in terms of a diversion speed
The chosen speed (which will be approved) will have an impact on :
The diversion distance
The fuel consumption
The obstacle clearance

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Area of operations is EDTO required?

Diversion speed

Diversion Speed

Choice of a Strategy
The Strategy is defined in terms of a diversion speed
The chosen speed (which will be approved) will have an impact on the
diversion distance and the fuel consumption.
Use Speed Schedule Max Speed / MCT
Reduce if dictated by fuel considerations

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 18

Area of operations is EDTO required?

Continued

EDTO
Extended Diversion Time Operations

Applies to operations conducted over a route that:

In Still air and ISA conditions
contains a point further than applicable threshold (e.g. 60 min flying
time for twins)
at the approved speed:

One Engine Inoperative (OEI) speed for twins

All Engine Operative (AEO) speed for airplanes with more than 2 engines

from an adequate airport.

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 19

Area of operations is EDTO required?

Diversion speed (Cont)

Descent profile example:

Speed schedule
Max speed/MCT

Point of Engine Failure

MMO
VMO

Increasing Speed
with decreasing weight

Max Speed

60 min

How do we account for aircraft weight and the diversion FL ?

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 20

Area of operations is EDTO required?

Reference gross weight

Reference Gross Weight and Diversion FL

Choice of the parameters

The heaviest of the estimated gross-weights at the critical points of the

route or set of routes included in the area of operation.

Optimum diversion FL with regards to the reference gross weight

Calculation requires some loops. A conservative way is to initialize with:
the TOW 1FH for 1 hour diversion distance, or
The TOW 2FH for 2 hour diversion distance, or
The TOW 3FH for 3 hour diversion distance, etc

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Area of operations is EDTO required?

Reference gross weight (Cont)

Initialize with a high weight to be conservative.

Consider a reduction if necessary.

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Area of operations is EDTO required?

Continued

Drawing the threshold circles:

1.

Determine the Adequate airports over the intended route

2.

Get the threshold distance (e.g. for 60 min) from relevant aircraft
performance manual or tool.

3.

Draw the circles centered on each Adequate Airport

4.

If the route goes outside these circles, EDTO is required.

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 23

Area of operations EDTO

Threshold and diversion time?

Is EDTO required ?
What is the needed diversion time ?
Example: EDTO operations with a twin
engine aircraft

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Area of operations EDTO

Threshold and diversion time (Cont)

IQALUIT
SONDRESTROM

KEFLAVIK

SHANNON
GOOSE

GANDER

BANGOR

SANTIAGO

1. Determine the Adequate airports over the intended route

2. Get the 60 minute distance from relevant manual/tool
3. Draw the circles centered on each Adequate Airport
4. If the route goes outside these circles, EDTO is required
SANTA MARIA

BERMUDA

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Area of operations EDTO

Threshold and diversion time (Cont)

EDTO FLIGHT !

IQALUIT
SONDRESTROM

KEFLAVIK

SHANNON
GOOSE

BANGOR

Choose a diversion time so that the desired route is

GANDER
covered.

SANTIAGO

Go for maximum achievable speed and check

obstacle clearance and fuel consumption

SANTA MARIA

BERMUDA

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 26

Area of operations EDTO

Required EDTO diversion time)

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 27

Area of operations EDTO

Threshold and diversion time (Cont)

IQALUIT
SONDRESTROM

120 min diversion time covers

the route.

KEFLAVIK

SHANNON
GOOSE

BANGOR

GANDER

SANTIAGO

The approved area of operations depends on

the :
Speed Schedule
Reference Weight
SANTA MARIA

BERMUDA

The area of operations is calculated for :

ISA conditions (ISA)
No wind
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 28

Airplane Performance
Considerations

EDTO Performance Data

Traditional Method

Boeing Flight Planning and Performance Manual (FPPM)

Section 2.4 provides EDTO
Planning Information *

EDTO Area of Operation

(Diversion Distance)
Net level off weight
EDTO Critical Fuel
Reserves
Drift-down Cruise Range
Capability
* Performance data for a range of engine
inoperative speeds is included
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 30

EDTO Definitions
(FAR 121.7)

One-Engine Inoperative Cruise Speed

A speed within the certified operating
limits of the airplane that is specified by
the certificate holder and approved by
the FAA for
1) Calculating required fuel
reserves needed to account
for an inoperative engine;
or

2) Determining whether an
EDTO alternate is within
the maximum diversion
time authorized for an
EDTO flight
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 31

EDTO Area of Operation

Diversion Distance

Diversion Distance is a function of:

Diversion Time

Engine fails at normal cruise altitude

MCT on operating engine(s)
Driftdown at engine-out planning speed *
Level off/cruise at thrust limited altitude

Engine Inoperative Speed

Reference Weight

Zero Wind
*

(Typically a Mach/IAS Combination)

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 32

787-8 Operational Flight Envelope

VLO/MLO
Max Speed for Landing
Gear Operation
VLE/MLE
Max Speed with Landing
Gear Extended
VMO/MMO
Max Operating Limit
Speed

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 33

EDTO Diversion Distance

777-300ER / GE90-115BL

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

beyond 240

Page 34

Performance Engineers Tool (PET)

Example Inputs & Outputs - EDTO Diversion Distance

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 35

Effect of Engine
Out Cruise Speed

Higher speeds (above Max L/D) reduce altitude capability

Terrain clearance, MORA considerations

True airspeed benefit versus altitude loss

Higher speeds (above LRC) increase diversion fuel required

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 36

Effect of Engine

Out Cruise Speed (Cont)

787-8 / TR-1000C
787-8 / TR-1000C
Reference Weight = 218,500 kg
Initial Altitude = 35,000 ft
PET Database: 878RCF.dat v1.2 dtd Oct 25, 2011

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 37

Agenda

Defining the EDTO area of operations

Performing EDTO Flight Planning
Conducting EDTO Flights
Conclusions

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

38

EDTO alternate aerodrome

Equal Time Point

EQUAL TIME POINT (EQUITIME POINT): ETP

The ETP is the point of equal flight time between two diversion airports.
The ETP is at the furthest 'air mile' distance from a pair of suitable airfields.

ETP

The EDTO ETP is determined for the engine-failure case only.

Effect of wind and temperature are therefore considered at the oneengine-inoperative cruise altitude.

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 39

EDTO alternate aerodrome

Time window ETP

CRUISE FL

To BOM
To SLL

Engine-out diversion flight level

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 40

EDTO alternate aerodrome

Time window ETP (Cont)

Lets assume the same conditions in both directions.

+ 60kt/ISA

SLL

+60 kt/ISA

ETP is the midway point

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

BOM

Page 41

EDTO alternate aerodrome

Time window ETP (Cont)

Now, lets assume different conditions in both directions.

In which direction does the ETP move ?

-60 kt/ISA - 5

SLL

+60 kt/ISA + 5

ETP

To SLL ?
Adverse Wind (Head), lower
diversion FL and colder
conditions (Reduced TAS)

BOM
To BOM ?
Favorable Wind (Tail), higher
diversion FL and hot
conditions (Increased TAS)

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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EDTO alternate aerodrome

Time window ETP (Cont)

ETP takes into consideration Wind and Temperature effect at the engineout diversion flight level.

-60 kt/ISA - 5

SLL

+60 kt/ISA + 5

ETP

Midway

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

BOM

Page 43

EDTO alternate aerodrome

Period of suitability, ETP, Time window

Time window for SLL must consider:
ETA (EU-OPS1.297 / FAR 121.624b)
Earliest Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) at SLL
Normal cruise speed/FL

Normal Cruise

ETP1
ETP2

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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EDTO alternate aerodrome

Time window ETP (Cont)

Latest Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) at SLL

Time window for SLL must consider:

ETA +1 h (current AMC 20-6 and EUOPS1.297)
Or
ETA (FAR 121.624b)

Normal Cruise

FL100/LRC

ETP1
ETP2

Remark
The Time Window (period of suitability) is provided for the Estimated Time of

Departure and must be adjusted to the Actual Time of Departure should a delay occur.

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 45

Fuel considerations
Fuel requirements

EASA AMC 20-6

EU-OPS 1.297 / AMC 20-6 Rev 2

FAA AC 120-42a

FAR 121.646(b)

- Fuel from DEP to ETP (furthest point from

the diversion Airport)

- Fuel from DEP to ETP (furthest point

from the diversion Airport)

- Fuel to diversion Airport (from ETP )

- Fuel to diversion Airport (from ETP )

+ Approach and Go-around

+ Circuit to land

+ Instrument Approach and landing

ETP1

ETP2

+ Final reserve (15 minutes holding at

1500ft)
+ Specific reserves (contingency fuel, ice
accretion, APU)

+ Final reserve (15 minutes holding at

1500ft)
+ Specific reserves (contingency fuel, ice
accretion, APU)

Three scenarios are taken into account for the diversion

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Fuel considerations

Fuel requirements (Cont)

Scenario 3
Only Engine Failure
Optimum diversion FL (or MSA) at the approved speed strategy

ETP2

Scenario 1
Depressurization
FL 100 (or MSA) at LRC cruise

ETP1

EEP

Scenario 2
Depressurization + Engine failure
FL 100 (or MSA) at the approved speed strategy

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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Fuel considerations

Fuel requirements (Cont)

EDTO Fuel Requirements
- Fuel from DEP to ETP
- Fuel from ETP to diversion A/P

ETP1

EEP

ETP2

Scenario 1
Depressurization
FL 100 (or MSA) at LRC cruise

Scenario 2
Depressurization + Engine failure
FL 100 (or MSA) at the Approved Speed Strategy

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 48

Fuel considerations

Fuel requirements (Cont)

ETOPS Fuel Requirements
- Fuel from DEP to ETP
- Fuel from ETP to diversion A/P

ETP1

EEP

ETP2
CP

ETP2 CRITICAL POINT

This point is critical with regard to the EDTO fuel scenario.

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 49

Fuel considerations

Fuel requirements new EDTO rules

Reduced EDTO Fuel Reserves
(compared to first ETOPS requirements)
1. Fly to the alternate airport
2. 15-minute holding at 1500 ft
3. Instrument approach and landing
4. Go-around
5. Visual approach and landing
6. Reduced Additional fuel for:

error in wind forecasting (5% wind factor instead of 5% diversion fuel)

Icing (effect of [Anti Icing] for 100% exposure time or [AI+icing drag] for 10% of exposure
time only)

It may lead to up to 15% reduction in the EDTO Fuel

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 50

Fuel considerations

Fuel requirements Critical Point

Critical Point
The point among the equal time points (ETP) on the route which is critical
regards to the ETOPS fuel requirements if a diversion has to be initiated from that
point .
Usually the last ETP within the EDTO segment

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 51

Fuel considerations

Fuel requirements Critical Point

The standard fuel is still applicable, indeed,

both standard and EDTO fuel requirements
should be compared.

Only, the most penalising one must be

retained for dispatch

As a matter of fact, EDTO fuel requirements

are most of the time covered by the
standard fuel.

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 52

Fuel considerations

Fuel requirements Extra Fuel

Which one of these two routes (JFK to SNN or JFK to FRA)
will most probably require extra fuel for EDTO?

JFK-SNN certainly requires additional fuel for EDTO

as the destination (SNN) is the last EDTO alternate
airport as well.

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 53

EDTO Critical
Fuel Scenario

FAR 121.646(b) and EASA AMC 20-6 Appendix 4

Most limiting of the following scenarios at

critical Equal Time Point between EDTO
Alternates

Engine failure
Depressurization
Engine failure and depressurization (combined failure)

Engine out fuel based on selected EDTO

planning speed,
all engine fuel based on LRC speed
15-minute hold at destination and fuel
allowances
Fuel Adjustments

Wind forecast errors, Temperature

Fuel burn deterioration (5% or established in-service value)
Forecast Icing, APU fuel burn, MEL/CDL

New FAA and EASA rules provide significant

fuel relief relative to previous guidelines
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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EDTO Critical
Fuel Reserves

FAR 121-646 (b)*, EASA AMC 20-6, Appendix 4

Cabin decompression, engine failure or both at critical ETP

(Compare higher of three fuel values to normal fuel load)

Differences from AC 120-42A noted in red

Forecast winds and temperatures

Fuel adjustments

* If requirements of 121.333
are met

Critical Point

(Decompression
ETP)

Approach and land

Emergency
Descent
Vmo/Mmo

15-minute hold @ 1,500 ft

Descent to 1,500 ft

Engine-out
Drift down

Up to 5% contingency fuel **
(Engine Deterioration)

5% Factor on wind speed (wind

errors) ***

Greater of:
Fuel for airframe icing+ wing and engine TAI
(10% of the forecast icing time)
Fuel for wing and engine TAI (entire forecast
icing time)

APU fuel if needed

** Or actual fuel burn characteristics
*** Or 5% fuel increase if acceptable
forecast winds are not used

Missed Approach

* New rules provide significant

relief
to previous
ICAO
EDTOrelative
Course - Flight
Operations standards

Page 55

EDTO Critical
Comparison*

787-8 / GENX-1B70
787-8 / GENX-1B70
GW = 200,000 KG
Diversion Distance = 1000 nm
Nil wind, standard day, no icing
Nominal Performance
PET v1.6 Database: 878G70.dat v1.1 Nov 17, 2011

Engine Inoperative
Speed

All Engine
Decompression
Fuel (LRC)

Engine Inop
Driftdown
Fuel

Engine Inop
Decompression
Fuel

290 KIAS

16,571 KG

13,146 KG

16,240 KG

300 KIAS

16,571 KG

13,507 KG

16,225 KG

310 KIAS

16,571 KG

13,812 KG

16,522 KG

320 KIAS

14,242 KG

16,702 KG

330 KIAS

14,701 KG

16,956 KG

340 KIAS

15,111 KG

17,478 KG

* Operational conditions may change these relationships

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

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EDTO Critical

Operational Application
Check normal planned fuel load at critical point against critical fuel requirement
Example: Critical fuel uplift required

Fuel quantity on

Additional fuel required for

ETOPS critical fuel scenario plus
fuel to carry it

board

Critical fuel
requirement
Critical
point

Critical fuel

required

Origin

ETP1

ETP2

ETP3

Destination

EDTO Alternates
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 57

EDTO Performance Data

Enroute

Traditional Boeing FPPM data for earlier models

Section 3.3 provides EDTO Enroute Performance *

Altitude Capability
Cruise Tables
Diversion Fuel and
Time
Holding
* Performance data for a range of engine
inoperative speeds is included
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 58

FCOM/QRH Engine Inoperative

Performance

Not intended for EDTO Planning

QRH PI Section provides get you home
engine inoperative performance *

Max Continuous Power

Optimum driftdown speed,
level off altitude and range
capability (LRC cruise)
LRC altitude capability,
cruise control, diversion
fuel/time
Holding

* LRC and optimum drift down speed only

(EDTO planning speeds not included)
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 59

QRH PI - Driftdown Speed/Level Off Altitude

787-8 / GENX-1B70

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 60

EDTO Performance Considerations

Engine Inoperative Diversion Strategies
Diversion speed and thrust selection are at the discretion of the flight
crew based on prevailing operational conditions

Obstacle Clearance Strategy

Best altitude profile for terrain clearance
Optimum driftdown (L/D max) speed (QRH)

Fuel Strategy
Best fuel burn performance
Fixed speed descent to LRC cruise ceiling followed
by LRC cruise (QRH)

Fixed Speed (EDTO) Strategy

Minimum diversion time (at the expense of fuel and altitude)
Driftdown and cruise at EDTO planning speed (PET only for 787)
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 61

EDTO Flight Crew Considerations

FMC Engine Out Cruise - 787

Displays performance for each of the three engine inoperative

speed strategies*

* EDTO speed (CO SPD) must be provided by operator for AMI load
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 62

EDTO Approval
Route Planning

EDTO Approval Route Planning*

Selection of Desired Routes

Selection of adequate enroute alternate
airports
Diversion Distance Determination
Diversion Time Required
Engine Inoperative Speed Selection
Reference Weight

Critical Fuel Estimates

* May be an iterative process

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 64

Potential Twin EDTO Routes

to/from South America

E150

E165

E180

W165

W150

W135

W120

W105

W90

W75

W60

W45

W30

W15

E0

N60

N60

BOG-NRT
N45

N45

N30

N30

BOG-LHR

N15

N15

GRU-LIS

LIM-HNL
N0

N0

LIM-PPT

S15

S15

S30

S30

SCL-IPC
EZE-CPT

S45

S45

SCL-AKL

Typical Twin 60 Minute Area (400 nm)

S60

E150

E165

E180

W165

W150

W135

W120

W105

W90

S60

W75

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

W60

W45

W30

W15

E0

Page 65

Potential Twin EDTO Routes

to/from South America (Cont)

E150

E165

E180

W165

W150

W135

W120

W105

W90

W75

W60

W45

W30

W15

E0

N60

N60

N45

N45

N30

N30

N15

N15

N0

N0

S15

S15

S30

S30

EZE-CPT
SCL-AKL
S45

S45

S60

S60

Typical Quad 180 Minute Area (1500 nm)

E150

E165

E180

W165

W150

W135

W120

W105

W90

W75

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

W60

W45

W30

W15

E0

Page 66

EDTO Route Planning Example*

South Pacific

E180

N0

W165

W150

W135

W120

W105

W90

W75

W60

* Optimum routing can vary significantly

from Great Circle Track

N0

S15

S15

S30

S30

Buenos Aires

JUNE 25 WIND OPTIMIZED

(EASTBOUND)

Auckland

S45

S45

85% SUMMER WINDS

(EASTBOUND)

GREAT CIRCLE

S60

SOUTH POLAR AREA

85% SUMMER WINDS
(WESTBOUND)

JUNE 25 WIND OPTIMIZED

(WESTBOUND)

E180

W165

S60

W150

W135

W120

W105

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

W90

W75

W60

Page 67

EDTO Definitions
(FAR 121.7)

Adequate Airport
An airport that an airplane
operator
may
list
with
approval from the FAA
because that airport meets
the landing limitations of
121.197 and is either
1) An airport that meets the
requirements of Part 139,
Subpart D* of this chapter,
excluding those that apply
to aircraft rescue and
firefighting service (RFFS),
or
2) A military airport that is
active and operational

* Or equivalent requirements
if outside U.S. jurisdiction

EDTO Alternate Airport*

An adequate airport listed in the
certificate holders operations
specifications that is designated in a
dispatch or flight release for use in
the event of a diversion during
EDTO. This definition applies to
flight planning and does not in any
way limit the authority of the pilotin command during flight
* Meets adequate airport requirements plus
RFFS and weather.

Note:

The term Suitable Airport is no

longer used for EDTO

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 68

Rescue / Fire Fighting (RFFS) for

En-route (EDTO) Alternate

FAA RFFS 7 Requirement for >180 minute EDTO does not apply to EASA
RFFS Cat 4

ICAO RFFS Category 4 up

to and including 180 minutes
For all EDTO per AMC 20-6

RFFS Cat 7 (beyond 180 min)

RFFS Category 4 for operations

beyond 180 minutes (including
207 minutes) plus RFFS 7
adequate airport area coverage
for route
FAA

Augmentation from local fire

fighting assets with 30-minute
response time if equipment not
located at airport

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 69

Pacific Area of Operation RFFS

240-Minute EDTO

RFFS 9 or 8

RFFS 6 or 5

RFFS 7

RFFS 4

777-300ER / GE90-115B
Reference Weight = 340,000 KG
Diversion Speed = 0.84M / 320 KIAS
240 Minutes = 1693 NM

Anchorage
King Salmon
Cold Bay

Petropavlovsk

Shemya

Adak Island
Seattle

Sapporo

New York

Kushiro
San Francisco
Los Angeles

Tokyo
Midway Island
Hong Kong

La Paz
San Jose Cabo

Honolulu
Wake Island

Manila
Cebu
Kuala Lumpur
Singapore

Orlando

Kona

Mazatlan
Acapulco
Guatemala City
San Jose
Panama City

Hilo

Guam
Kwajalein
Majuro

Ambon

Biak

Typical RFFS 7
Boundary

Port Moresby
Darwin

Apia

Lima

Papeete
Noumea

Sydney
Melbourne
Hobart

Hao Island
Easter Island

Brisbane
Perth

Guayaquil

Auckland

Santiago

Wellington
Christchurch

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 70

EDTO Definitions
(FAR 121.7)

EDTO Entry Point *

The first point on the route of an EDTO flight, determined
using a one-engine inoperative cruise speed under standard
conditions in still air, that is
1) More than 60 minutes from an adequate airport for airplanes
with two engines;
2) More than 180 minutes from an adequate airport for
passenger-carrying airplanes with more than two engines

* The EDTO Exit Point is the last point in the route that exceeds the EDTO
threshold
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 71

EDTO Route Planning Example

Establish 60 Minute Boundary

777-200ER / Trent 895

Reference Weight = 280,000 KG
Diversion Speed = 0.84M / 320 KIAS
60 Minutes = 435 NM

Guatemala City

San Jose

Guayaquil

Lima

Apia
Port Vila
Nadi
Noumea

Pago Pago
Niue
Nuku'alofa

Papeete

Hao Island

Tacna

Rarotonga

Antofagasta
Easter Island
Santiago

Auckland

Concepcion

Buenos Aires
Mar Del Plata

Puerto Montt

Wellington
Christchurch

Comodoro Rivadavia

Invercargill

Rio Gallegos
85% SUMMER WINDS
(EASTBOUND)

Punta Arenas

Mount Pleasant
Ushuaia

GREAT CIRCLE
85% SUMMER WINDS
(WESTBOUND)

Example 60 Minute Area of Operation

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 72

EDTO Definitions
(FAR 121.7)

EDTO Area of Operation

1) For turbine-engine-powered airplanes with two engines, an
area beyond 60 minutes from an adequate airport, computed
using a one-engine inoperative cruise speed under standard
conditions in still air.
2) For turbine-engine-powered passenger-carrying airplanes
with more than two engines, an area beyond 180 minutes
from an adequate airport, computed using a one-engine
inoperative cruise speed under standard conditions in still air.

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 73

EDTO Route Planning Example

240 Minute EDTO Area

Guatemala City

777-200ER / Trent 895

Reference Weight = 280,000 KG
Diversion Speed = 0.84M / 320 KIAS
60/240 Minutes = 435/1694 NM

Guayaquil

Lima

Apia
Port Vila
Nadi
Noumea

Pago Pago
Niue
Nuku'alofa

San Jose

Papeete

Hao Island

Tacna

Rarotonga

Antofagasta
Easter Island
Santiago

Auckland
Wellington
Christchurch

Buenos Aires

Concepcion

Waypoint Constraint
(S4352, W13745)

Mar Del Plata

Puerto Montt
240 MINUTES - 5748 NM

Comodoro Rivadavia

Invercargill

Rio Gallegos
Punta Arenas

Mount Pleasant
Ushuaia

GREAT CIRCLE - 5564 NM

Example 240 Minute Area of Operation

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 74

Evaluate Equal Time Points*

The point of equal diversion time to EDTO alternates

at the approved one engine inoperative cruise speed.
Equal Time Points (ETPs) between alternates are
typically determined from a computerized flight planning
service using forecast weather conditions at
decompression and engine inoperative cruise altitudes.
Decompression ETPs may be used as the basis for all
planning including Time Limited Systems

* The Critical Point (CP) is the Equal

Time Point at which the EDTO
diversion fuel is closest to, or
exceeds, the normal planned fuel on
board

*Adjust fuel load if required

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 75

EDTO Equal Time Points (ETPs)

AKL-EZE 240 Minutes

Guatemala City

777-200ER / Trent 895

Reference Weight = 280,000 KG
Diversion Speed = 0.84M / 320 KIAS
60/240 Minutes = 435/1694 NM

Guayaquil

Lima

Apia
Port Vila
Nadi
Noumea

San Jose

Pago Pago
Niue
Nuku'alofa

Papeete

Hao Island

Tacna

Rarotonga

Antofagasta
Easter Island
Santiago

Auckland

Concepcion

Buenos Aires
Mar Del Plata

Wellington
Christchurch

ETP 1
AKL - PPT

Puerto Montt
ETP 3
IPC - PMC

Invercargill

Comodoro Rivadavia

ETP 2
PPT - PPT

Rio Gallegos
Punta Arenas

Mount Pleasant
Ushuaia

Note: Still Air ETPS shown for reference

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 76

Considerations for

Higher Diversion Time Approval

Airplane is configured to a higher

airworthiness standard

CMP, MMEL Compliance

Fewer alternates required for dispatch, but more

alternates available within EDTO diversion time
capability

Allows selection of more favorable enroute alternates

Mitigates potential for less direct dog-leg routing and

associated operational issues:

Increased route time increases potential for problems

Increased over water exposure

Reduced operating efficiency (time, fuel)

* Higher diversion time approval improves both safety and dispatch

flexibility
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 77

Refine EDTO Planning Parameters

Determine Diversion Distances from

FPPM
data or PET Analysis

Airframe/engine combination(s)
Engine inoperative speed
Reference weight
Diversion time required

Finalize list of adequate alternate airports

Consider remote areas of route, EDTO entry/exit regions
Establish backup alternates to allow for airports unavailable
at dispatch, potential routing variations

* May be an iterative process

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 78

En route (EDTO) Alternates

Published Data

Approach Minimums
10-9 Airport Information

Published
Procedures

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 79

Weather Reliability Statistics

Easter Island (IPC)*

* IPC is also unavailable when LAN flights from Santiago are committed to land
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 80

EDTO Route Planning Example

240 Minute EDTO Area - Without IPC

777-200ER / Trent 895
Reference Weight = 280,000 KG
Diversion Speed = 0.84M / 320 KIAS
60/240 Minutes = 435/1694 NM

Guatemala City

240 MINUTES - 8495 NM!

Pago Pago
Niue
Nuku'alofa

Guayaquil

Lima

Apia
Port Vila
Nadi
Noumea

San Jose

Papeete

Hao Island

Tacna

Rarotonga

Antofagasta
Easter Island
Santiago

Auckland

Concepcion

Buenos Aires
Mar Del Plata

Puerto Montt

Wellington
Christchurch

Comodoro Rivadavia

Invercargill

Rio Gallegos
Punta Arenas

Mount Pleasant
Ushuaia

GREAT CIRCLE - 5564 NM

Example 240 Minute Area of Operation

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 81

Time Limited System Planning

EDTO/EDTO Beyond 180 Minutes

Additional requirements defined by FAR

121.633(b) and Chapter 3 Sec. 7.2.3 AMC 20-6
Allowed routing must also consider airplane time
limited system capability corrected for forecast
wind and temperature
All engine cruise speed for cargo fire suppression
time capability minus 15 minutes
Engine inoperative cruise speed for other EDTO
significant system time capability minus 15 minutes.

For 240 minute EDTO, time limited system

planning is in addition to still air EDTO area
(maximum diversion time).
For EDTO beyond 240 minutes, still air EDTO area is not
applicable as there is no specific maximum diversion time.
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 82

Time Limited System

EDTO up to 180 min

Consideration of Time Limited Systems at dispatch

For EDTO up to 180 min: consider ISA /Still Air conditions

Example for EDTO 180 min (ISA no wind) operational approval

180 min EDTO diversion time distance 1275 Nm

One engine Speed (e.g. average TAS = 425 kts) ISA, Still Air
Cargo fire protection time check time is 180 min + 15 min
as before
Other most limiting system time capability check time is 180 min + 15 min
180 min

new
195 min
Time

1. Check at dispatch that these values do not exceed corresponding Time Limited system(s) capabilities
2. If one or both values are reduced (e.g. in case of MMEL) Select another route within the corrected
Time Limited system(s) capabilities
Manufacturer has to identify the time limited system(s) capabilities and to include the corresponding values in
the AFM and EDTO / ETOPS CMP Document

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 83

Time Limited System

EDTO beyond 180 min

Consideration of Time Limited Systems at dispatch

For EDTO >180 min: consider forecast wind and temperature
Example for EDTO 240 min (ISA no wind) operational approval

240 min EDTO diversion time distance 1700Nm

One engine Speed (e.g. average TAS = 425 kts) ISA, Still Air
Cargo fire protection time check time to cover 1700Nm
All engines Speed, Actual weather conditions, incl. 15min margin
Other most limiting system time capability check time to cover 1700Nm
One engine Speed, Actual weather conditions, incl. 15min margin
240 min
231
min*
*= time values provided as examples

263 min*
Time

1. Check at dispatch that these values do not exceed corresponding Time Limited system(s) capabilities
2. If one or both values are reduced (e.g. in case of MMEL) Select another route within the corrected
Time Limited system(s) capabilities
Manufacturer has to identify the time limited system(s) capabilities and to include the corresponding values in
the AFM and EDTO / ETOPS CMP Document

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 84

EDTO beyond 180/207 Minute

Compliance

777-200ER AFM Appendix 6*

EXTENDED OPERATIONS (EDTO)

The type-design reliability and performance of this airplane/engine combination

has been evaluated under 14 CFR 25.1535 and found suitable for beyond 180
minutes extended operations (EDTO) configured in accordance with Boeing
Document D044W054 "MODEL 777 EDTO Configuration, Maintenance, and
Procedures". The actual maximum approved diversion time for this airplane may
be less based on its most limiting system time capability. This finding does not
constitute approval to conduct EDTO.
Determine the configuration of the airplane prior to the use of the following
system time capabilities:
System Time Capabilities:
The most limiting EDTO significant system time (other than cargo fire
suppression) is 345 minutes.
The most limiting cargo fire suppression system time is 302 minutes.
* 777-200ER Maximum Cargo Fire Suppression time is 272 minutes
(a 302 minute system option is subject to certification)
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 85

EDTO Flight Plan Example

EZE - AKL, 330 Minutes

E180

N0

W165

W150

777-200ER / Trent 895

Diversion GW: 240,000 KG
All Engine:
.84 Mach, FL 290 = 497 KTAS
Engine Out: .84 Mach / 320 KIAS = 2393 NM

W135

Pago Pago
Niue
Nuku'alofa

Port Vila
Nadi
Noumea

Note: W90
Time Limited System
based on 50%
W105
W75 BoundariesW60
Guatemala City Annual
Winds for Reference
San Jose

Papeete

N0

Guayaquil

345 Minute Engine

Inoperative System
Boundary

Apia
S15

W120

Lima

Hao Island

S15

Tacna

Rarotonga

Antofagasta
Easter Island

S30

Santiago

Auckland

S30

Buenos Aires

Concepcion
Mar Del Plata
Puerto Montt

Wellington
S45

Christchurch

Invercargill

S45
Comodoro Rivadavia

302 Minute Cargo Fire

Suppression System
Boundary

EXP

Rio Gallegos
Punta Arenas

EEP

Mount Pleasant

Ushuaia

S60

S60

ETP 1
USH - CHC

E180

W165

W150

W135

JUNE 25
WIND OPTIMIZED

W120

W105

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

W90

W75

W60

Page 86

EDTO Dispatch
Planning

EDTO Dispatch Planning

Review forecast weather and NOTAMs

to determine EDTO alternates from airlines
approved list
Establish allowed area of operation based
on
EDTO alternates available
Compute Equal Time Points and critical
fuel
requirements based on forecast winds
Evaluate MEL implications, as required
Produce EDTO Flight Plan

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 88

En route (EDTO) Alternate Aerodrome

Weather Minimums

Requirements

Must be at or above authorized

minimums for dispatch
(FAR 121.624, 121.625 and EU-OPS 1.297)
Weather reports and/or forecasts should be available
Validity period based on earliest to latest (FAA) or one hour
after latest (EASA) expected arrival times
Some relief from previous practice

AC 120-42B and AMC 20-6 provide

additional guidance

Non precision and Cat I approaches

Authorized Cat II/III approaches
GPS/RNAV Approaches (FAA)
Conditional forecast elements

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 89

En route (EDTO) Alternate Dispatch

Weather Minima* AC 120-42B

Alternate Airport IFR

Weather Minimum Ceiling [2]

Alternate Airport IFR Weather

Minimum Visibility [2]

For airports with at least one

operational navigational facility
providing a straightin non-precision
approach procedure, or Category I
precision approach, or, when
applicable, a circling maneuver from
an instrument approach procedure.

Add 400 ft to the MDA or DH as

applicable.

Add 1 sm or 1600m to the landing

minimum.

For airports with at least two

operational navigational facilities,
each providing a straight-in approach
procedure to different suitable
runways.

Add 200 ft to the higher DH or

MDA of the two approaches
used.

Add sm or 800 m [4] to the higher

authorized landing minimum of the
two approaches used.

One useable authorized Category II

ILS IAP.

300 feet

3/4 sm (1200 m) or
RVR 4000 (1200 m)

One useable authorized category III

ILS Instrument Approach Procedure
(IAP).

200 feet

1/2 sm (800 m) [4] or

RVR 1800 feet (550 m)

Approach Facility Configuration [1]

Separate runway surfaces no longer required

Dispatch check is from earliest to latest expected arrival times

Once airborne, normal operating minima apply up to ETOPS entry (EEP)
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 90

En route (EDTO) Alternate Aerodrome

Weather Minima

AMC 20-6 Appendix 5 and EU-OPS 1.297

The above criteria for precision approaches are only to be applied to Category 1 approaches.

When determining the usability of an Instrument Approach (IAP), forecast wind plus any gusts should be within
operating limits, and within the operators maximum crosswind limitations taking into account the runway condition
(dry, wet or contaminated) plus any reduced visibility limits.
Conditional forecast elements need not be considered, except that a PROB 40 or TEMPO condition below the
lowest applicable operating minima should be taken into account.
When dispatching under the provisions of the MEL, those MEL limitations affecting instrument approach minima
should be considered in determining EDTO alternate minima.
* relief for advanced landing systems (Cat II/III) may also be approved
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 91

EDTO Weather Information

South Pacific Icing Forecast FL100-FL300

TAFS and METARS (SCIP)

Extracted from Jeppesen Weather

Services (www.jetplan.com)
ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 92

EDTO Dispatch Deviations

MMEL, DDG, MEL
Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL)
FAA Document maintained by airplane model
Contains all approved deviations for inoperative equipment

Minimum Equipment List (MEL)

Airline document required by FAR 121.628 and EU-OPS
1.030
Can not be less restrictive than MMEL

Dispatch Deviations Guide (DDG)

Boeing advisory document to assist operator interpretation of
MMEL
Contains expanded operational (O) and maintenance (M)
procedures
Also includes approved Configuration Deviation List (CDL)

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 93

EDTO Dispatch Deviations

Continued

Certain MMEL/DDG items have unique dispatch

requirements for EDTO flights.
EDTO items are denoted as either ER
or by a diversion time limit

ER: Refers to extended operations of an

airplane which has a type design approval for
EDTO
This term is used in all applicable MMELs
except the 777 and 787

The 777 and 787 MMEL use a diversion time

limit instead of the term ER to denote EDTO
dispatch requirements

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 94

EDTO Dispatch Deviations

Continued

737 Example: APU Generator (ATA 24)

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 95

EDTO Dispatch Deviations

Continued

787 Example: Auxiliary Power Unit

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 96

EDTO Dispatch Requirements

Beyond 180 Minute Diversion Time Considerations *

FAR Part 121, Appendix P and Policy

Letter 40
Fuel Quantity Indicating System (FQIS)
APU, both electrical and pneumatic
Auto throttle system
Second communication system (SATCOM Voice)
Engine-out auto-land (if used for planning)

EASA AMC 20-6, Appendix 4

Fuel Quantity Indicating System (FQIS)
APU, both electrical and pneumatic

* Requirements included in
affected MMEL/DDG
Documents

Automatic engine or propeller control system

Communication system(s) relied on by the flight crew to comply
with communication requirements

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 97

EDTO Flight Plan Example

EZE - AKL, 330 Minutes

E180

N0

W165

W150

W135

777-200ER / Trent 895

Diversion GW: 240,000 KG
All Engine:
.84 Mach, FL 290 = 497 KTAS
Engine Out: .84 Mach / 320 KIAS = 2393 NM

Pago Pago
Niue
Nuku'alofa

Port Vila
Nadi
Noumea

Papeete

W105
W90
W75
W60
Guatemala
San Jose
Note: City
Time Limited
System Boundaries based on 50%

Annual Winds for Reference

N0

Guayaquil

345 Minute Engine

Inoperative System
Boundary

Apia
S15

W120

Lima

Hao Island

S15

Tacna

Rarotonga

Antofagasta
Easter Island

S30

Santiago

Auckland

S30

Buenos Aires

Concepcion
Mar Del Plata
Puerto Montt

Wellington
S45

Christchurch

S45
Comodoro Rivadavia

Invercargill

302 Minute Cargo Fire

Suppression System
Boundary

EXP

Rio Gallegos
Punta Arenas

EEP

Mount Pleasant

Ushuaia

S60

S60

ETP 1
USH - CHC

E180

W165

W150

W135

JUNE 25
WIND OPTIMIZED

W120

W105

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

W90

W75

W60

Page 98

EDTO Flight Plan Example

Boeing FLE Format

Fuel Summary - FAR International Reserves

///// THIS FLIGHT PLAN COMPLIES WITH THE 330 MIN EDTO RULE /////

Identifies type of plan

PLAN 0331 06252046Z

FOR ETD 1900Z
FLT REL IFR
/26 SAEZ/EZE TO NZAA/AKL MACH: M84 REGN 772895
PROGS 2512NWS
ELEV 0067FT
0023FT AVG W/C P003 ISA DEV M06
COMP 2046Z FOR ETD 1900Z/26JUN13 REGN 772895 777-200 TRENT895 LBS
SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS
EDTO FLIGHT/MAX DIVERSION TIME IN STILL AIR LIMITED TO 330 MINUTES
FROM THE FOLLOWING EDTO ALTERNATE AIRPORTS - SAWH/USH
NZCH/CHC
DEST NZAA
RESV
DEST-MNVR
ALTERNATE
HOLD-ALT
EDTO ADD
REQD
EXTRA
TAXI
TOTAL

FUEL TIME
200689 12+13
16869 01+13
0 00+00
11126 00+45
6576 00+30
0 00+00
235260 14+41
000000 00+00
1000
236260 14+41

.
.
.
.
.

CORR
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .

OWE
EZFW
ETOW
ELDW
NZWN

322191
424740
660000
459311
FL330

PYLD
MZFW
MTOW
MLDW
0259

102549 APLD ..
440000 AZFW ..
660000 ATOW ..
470000 ALDW ..
NM M.77
W/C

Dispatch Limitation

.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
P026

Critical Fuel Uplift (if any)

. . . . NOTE - LDGWT INCLUDES RESERVE FUEL

. . . . NOTE - APM 0000
PCN
SCHEDULE TIMES ETD 1900/.. .. .. ..
. . . . RTE
ETA 0713/.. .. .. ..

INCREMENTAL BURN PER 1000 LBS INCREASE/DECREASE IN TOW: 294

ATC CLRNC:.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-M084F320 DCT 44S070W/M084F340 55S080W 62S090W 65S100W 67S110W
67S120W 67S130W 66S140W 64S150W/M084F360 61S160W 57S170W 49S180W
DCT
FL 320/4470W 340/64W50 360

10% Trip Time

Contingency

EDTO Flight Plan Example

Boeing FLE Format (Cont)

Diversion Fuel Buildup

------- EQUAL TIME POINT DATA - ETP01 SAWH/USH - NZCH/CHC -------DIVERSION SUMMARY
ETP LOCATION
ETE FROM ORIGIN
GWT AT DIVERSION
FOB
DIVERSION AIRPORTS
G/C DIST

S6626.4 W13625.8
06+53
532058
07318
SAWH/USH
2013

CRITICAL FUEL REQUIRED CALCULATION

FLIGHT CONDITION
DECOMP DECOMP
CONFIG
2 ENG 1 ENG
SPEED
LRC
320
FL
100
100
AVG W/C
M003
M003
ENROUTE TEMP
M028
M028
FORECAST ICING PCT
000100 000100
TIME TO ALT NO HOLD
05+54 05+49
CRUISE
089650 090118
DESCENT
000627 000657
HOLD
003247 003019
APU
000000 002854
ICING
003611 000908
TOTAL
097135 097556

PRESS
1 ENG
320
200
M009
M045
000100
05+06
079048
000780
003089
002779
001597
087293

ETP 1 is the Critical

Point for this flight

|
|

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

NZCH/CHC
2142

DECOMP
2 ENG
LRC
100
P019
M017
000100
05+51
090765
000627
003239
000000
003656
098287

DECOMP
1 ENG
320
100
P019
M017
000100
05+43
090436
000657
003017
002802
000911
097823

PRESS
1 ENG
320
200
P034
M037
000100
04+50
076941
000780
003103
002646
001554
085024

EDTO Engine out

Speed
determined by
airline policy

Diversion
Time is based
on Forecast
Winds and
may exceed
EDTO Time

Agenda

Defining the EDTO area of operations

Performing EDTO Flight Planning
Conducting EDTO Flights
Conclusions

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

101

EDTO Flight Crew

Considerations

EDTO Flight Crew

Considerations*

Dispatch
Cockpit Preparation
En-route
Diversion Decision
Diversion Strategies (Speed
Selection)
Post Flight

* Note: Refer to Company Operating Procedures

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 103

Dispatch

Continued
SONDRE STROM

KEFLAVIK

EEP
ETP2
EXP

ETP1

ETP3
SHANNON

GANDER
JFK

DISPATCH FROM SNN

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 104

Dispatch

Continued
Check Aircraft Configuration
Check EDTO / ETOPS Status of the
aircraft (MEL/CDL)
Check Time Limited Systems
Nominate EDTO Alternate Airports

Consider EDTO Fuel Requirements

Prepare Flight Folder

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 105

Dispatch

Continued
Check Aircraft Configuration
Check EDTO / ETOPS Status of the
aircraft (MEL/CDL)
Check Time Limited Systems
Nominate EDTO Alternate Airports
Check NOTAM
Check Weather (TAF/METAR)

Consider ETOPS Fuel Requirements

Prepare Flight Folder

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 106

Dispatch

Check suitability of adequate aerodromes

NOTAMS

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 107

Dispatch

Check suitability of adequate aerodromes (Cont)

WEATHER

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 108

Dispatch

Continued
Check Aircraft Configuration
Check EDTO Status of the aircraft
Check Time Limited Systems
Nominate EDTO Alternate Airports
Check NOTAM
Check Weather (TAF/METAR)

Consider EDTO Fuel Requirements

Prepare Flight Folder

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 109

Dispatch

Continued

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 110

Dispatch

Continued
Check Aircraft Configuration
Check EDTO Status of the aircraft
Check Time Limited Systems
Nominate EDTO Alternate Airports
Check NOTAM
Check Weather (TAF/METAR)

Consider EDTO Fuel Requirements

Prepare Flight Folder

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 111

Dispatch

Prepare Flight Folder

FLIGHT SUMMARY

NOTAM/WEATHER BULLETIN

FLIGHT PLAN

WEATHER CHARTS

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 112

Cockpit preparation
Pre-Takeoff Checks

Specific pre-takeoff checks

Flight crew : e.g. fuel x-feed valve, CSM/G
Maintenance : e.g. engine oil level and DPI.
Checks may vary with aircraft model
DATA in FMGS

EEP, ETP, EXP, CRUISE WINDS

Entered as FIX INFO or ABEAM

- display these points on the ND

- no need to create additional waypoints in the F-PLN, to
avoid these points being transmitted via CPDLC or ADS

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 113

Cockpit preparation
Continued

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 114

Cockpit preparation
Continued

The ETP computed by the FMGS (AEO) is different from the EDTO ETP (OEI).

Computed at engine-out FL

Computed at cruise FL

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

Page 115

Cockpit preparation
Before EDTO sector

SONDRE STROM

KEFLAVIK

EEP
ETP2
EXP

ETP1

ETP3
SHANNON

GANDER

BEFORE EPP

JFK

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Cockpit preparation

Before EDTO sector (Cont)

Crew Notifications

Crew must be notified of any significant changes affecting:

Forecast weather
Aerodrome availability
Any other required services at EDTO alternate airports designated for the flight.

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Cockpit preparation
Before EDTO sector

EDTO Alternates Status

Crew must check any changes that would preclude a safe approach and landing at an
EDTO alternate airport during the time window
Check minima at diversion airfields,
Appropriate course of action must be taken if normal minima not fulfilled before
EEP:
- Selection of another EDTO alternate airport, re-routing, turn back,
- Consider A/C EDTO capability and operators approved max DT in case of rerouting or selection of another EDTO alternate

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Flying the EDTO sector

Normal flight monitoring

SONDRE STROM

Keep awareness of diversion airport status

Monitor Fuel On Board

KEFLAVIK

If one suitable airport closes :

- Flight may continue
Diversion decision making :
EEP
- As for a non-EDTO flight
ETP2
ETP1
- Consider the additional EDTO Diversion
requirements, if
ETP3
any, given in the AFM / EXP
FCOM / CMP (e.g. diversion
mandatory when flying on a single electrical source)

SHANNON

GANDER
JFK

WITHIN ETOPS SECTOR

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EDTO diversion
SONDRE STROM

KEFLAVIK

ETOPS DIVERSION
EEP
ETP2
EXP

JFK

ETP1

ETP3
SHANNON

No diversion procedure specific to EDTO

- Note: may vary with aircraft model
GANDER
- Diversion in case of engine failure (twins only)

Comply with route requirements (NAT, MNPS,) as for non-EDTO

Selected diversion speed may differ from the approved engine-out diversion speed

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EDTO Operations Manual

Supplement

Appendix 7 to EASA AMC 20-6 (Typical Format)

Part A: General/Basic
Introduction, Operations approval, Training &
checking, Operating procedures, flight
preparation & planning

Part B: Aeroplane Operating Matters

Type specific operations, dispatch, flight
planning, enroute, fuel planning, MEL/CDL,
aeroplane systems

Part C: Route and Aerodrome Instructions

EDTO area and routes, enroute alternates,
weather, CFP information, minimum altitudes,
aerodrome characteristics

Definitions

Part D: Training
Operators initial/recurrent route and aerodrome
training programs.

EDTO Operational Concepts

EDTO Fuel Requirements
Diversion Strategies
Flight Crew Procedures
EDTO Training

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APU High Altitude Start Program

AC 120-42B Section 301, AMC 20-6 Appendix 8

Required for all airplanes unless APU

must be running for EDTO (e.g. 737)

Start attempts made and recorded per

operators approved sampling program*
On non-EDTO Flights
On return leg of EDTO Flights

Supports EDTO Maintenance Program

(common checklist item)
Flight crew performs start attempts
Reliability section tracks data

Target 95% start reliability or attend to

system (12 month rolling average)
* Minimum 2 hour cold soak at normal planned cruise altitude
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Alternate Aerodromes En-route Engine Failure

Two Engine Airplanes

Chapter 3 of AC 120-42B

Following engine failure or shutdown, the PIC must proceed to

the nearest suitable airport at which a safe landing can be made
(FAR 121.165)

The PIC should consider all relevant factors in

determining the suitability of an airport
Airplane configuration, system status and fuel
En-route winds, weather and minimum altitudes
Airport weather, terrain and runway conditions
Approach aids, lighting, RFFS and passenger facilities
PIC familiarity and available airport information

None of the following justify flying beyond the nearest suitable airport:
Available fuel supply
Passenger accommodation other than safety
Maintenance/repair resources

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EDTO Flight Crew

Considerations

Engine Inoperative Diversion Strategies (Speed Selection)

L/D Max

Altitude

Obstacle Strategy

Altitude

LRC Cruise

Fuel Strategy

Fixed
Mach/IAS

EDTO Strategy

Fuel

Time

Distance

Note: Offset or waypoint track may be required to meet airspace constraints

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787 FMC Alternate Airports Function

Alternate Page 1/2

Reduces Diversion Task

Load
Candidate airports automatically
prioritized by ETA
Uplink capability for up to 20 alternates
Direct, offset or overhead routing
Engine out performance data

XXXX Alternate Page

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EDTO Flight Operations Training

Training should address airline specific operating policies
TYPICAL SYLLABUS ELEMENTS
(Refer to AC 120-42B Section 304 and AMC 20-6, Appendix 6)

Familiarity with EDTO rules

Critical fuel reserves

Flight planning

Minimum equipment list

Engine inoperative speeds

EDTO critical systems

Alternate requirements

Dispatch release

En-route procedures

Diversion decisions

Weather forecasting (if required)

Diversion profile

Critical point calculation

PIC responsibilities

Diversion recovery plan (if applicable)

EDTO Simulator LOFT

Practical application of academics training

EDTO Flight Operations

Program

Additional Boeing Guidance Information

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Agenda

Defining the EDTO area of operations

Performing EDTO Flight Planning
Conducting EDTO Flights
Conclusions

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129

Conclusions
No Day Conditions

EDTO Area of Operation

Approved diversion
speed strategy

Day Conditions

EDTO Flight Operation

EDTO alternate airports

: weather minima +
margins, period of
suitability
EDTO Flight

Operators approved
EDTO Diversion Time

Time-limited System
Pre-flight Checks
WTH/NTM Follow up

ICAO EDTO Course - Flight Operations

EDTO Fuel:
3 diversion
scenarios
Additional fuel
reserves : icing,
wind forecast,
Similar diversion
decision making

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Questions ?

Module 6

EDTO Flight Operations considerations

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