RADAR CROSS SECTION BENCHMARK FOR SIMPLE SHAPES
This application demonstrates Radar Cross Section (RCS) calculation for simple shapes including the NASA almond, ogive, double-ogive, conesphere and cone-sphere with gap. Simulation data is compared with published measurements data from A. C. Woo, H. T. G. Wang, and M. J.
Schuh, Benchmark Radar Targets for the Validation of Computational Electromagnetics Programs, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,
vol. 35, no. 1, February 1993, pp. 84 - 89.
NASA Metallic Almond
NASA Almond RCS Comparisons
The NASA almond geometry and analytical expressions
used for shape generation are shown below. The total length
of the almond is 9.936 inches.
The RCS values for both horizontal (HH) and vertical (VV)
polarizations are plotted in dBSM [dB with respect to one
square meter] as a function of the azimuthal angle.
Radar cross section [dBSM]
-10
Metallic Almond Geometry
1.19 GHz (both polarizations)
-20
-30
-40
-50
HH (measurements)
VV (measurements)
HH (simulations)
VV (simulations)
-60
-70
0
50
100
Azimuth [degree]
150
7 GHz (HH-polarization)
7 GHz (VV-polarization)
x = d t inches, d = 9.936 inches
2
y = 0.13333 d 1
cos
0
.
416667
z = 0.064444 d 1
sin
0.416667
-20
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
0
VV (measurements)
VV (simulations)
50
for 0 < t < 0.58333 and < <
100
Azimuth [degree]
-10
Radar cross section [dBSM]
x = d t inches, d = 9.936 inches
2
y = 4.83345 d 1
0.96 cos
2.08335
z = 1.91115 d 1
0.96 sin
2.08335
Radar cross section [dBSM]
for 0.4167 < t < 0 and < <
Radar cross section [dBSM]
EMC Studio/EMCoS Antenna VLab
Introduction
-30
-40
-50
-60
HH (measurements)
HH (simulations)
-70
0
150
50
100
Azimuth [degree]
150
9.92 GHz (both polarizations)
-20
-30
-40
-50
HH (measurements)
VV (measurements)
HH (simulations)
VV (simulations)
-60
-70
0
50
100
Azimuth [degree]
150
Metallic Simple Ogive
Metallic Simple Ogive Geometry
The metallic ogive geometry and analytical expressions used for shape generation
are shown below.
The RCS for both horizontal and vertical polarization is plotted in dBSM as a function of the azimuthal angle.
Metallic Simple Ogive RCS Comparisons
-10
Radar cross section [dBSM]
x
f ( x) = 1 sin 2 (22.62o ) cos(22.62o ),
5
then
f ( x) cos
y=
1 cos(22.62o )
f ( x) sin
y=
1 cos(22.62o )
-10
Radar cross section [dBSM]
EMCoS Ltd.
27 Pekin Street, Tbilisi, 0160, Georgia
Phone: +995-32-2389091
E-mail: info@emcos.com
www.emcos.com
for 5 in < x < 5 in and < <
1.18 GHz (both polarizations)
-20
-30
-40
HH (measurements)
VV (measurements)
HH (simulations)
VV (simulations)
-50
-60
0
EMC Studio/EMCoS Antenna VLab Application Note: #12
50
100
Azimuth [degree]
150
9 GHz (both polarizations)
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
HH (measurements)
VV (measurements)
HH (simulations)
VV (simulations)
-70
-80
-90
0
50
100
Azimuth [degree]
150
RADAR CROSS SECTION BENCHMARK FOR SIMPLE SHAPES
Metallic Double Ogive
The double ogive consists of two different-size half ogives. The metallic ogive
geometry and analytical expressions used for shape generation are shown below.
The RCS for both horizontal and vertical polarization is plotted in dBSM as a function of the azimuthal angle.
Metallic Double Ogive RCS Comparisons
-20
-30
-40
-50
HH (measurements)
VV (measurements)
HH (simulations)
VV (simulations)
-60
-70
0
50
Metallic Cone-sphere
100
Azimuth [degree]
-20
-30
-40
HH (measurements)
VV (measurements)
HH (simulations)
VV (simulations)
-50
-60
0
150
50
100
Azimuth [degree]
150
Metallic Cone-sphere RCS Comparisons
The metallic cone-sphere geometry and analytical expressions used for shape generation are shown below.
The RCS for both horizontal and vertical polarization is plotted in dBSM as a function of the azimuthal angle.
Radar cross section [dBSM]
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-70
x 0.359
z = 2.947 1
sin
2.947
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-80
-180
HH (measurements)
HH (simulations)
Gap
-150
-120
-90
-60
Azimuth [degree]
-30
-30
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
VV (measurements)
VV (simulations)
-70
-80
-180
0
9 GHz (VV-polarization)
10
-10
-70
Metallic Cone-sphere with Gap
-120
-90
-60
Azimuth [degree]
Radar cross section [dBSM]
x 0.359
y = 2.947 1
cos
2.947
-150
9 GHz (HH-polarization)
10
HH (measurements)
VV (measurements)
HH (simulations)
VV (simulations)
-60
-80
-180
for 23.821 in < x < 0 in and < <
y = 0.87145( x + 23.821) cos
z = 0.87145( x + 23.821) sin
for 0 in < x < 3.306 in and < <
869 MHZ (both polarizations)
10
Metallic Cone-sphere Geometry
Metallic Cone-sphere Geometry
9 GHz (both polarizations)
-10
Radar cross section [dBSM]
for 0 in < x < 5 in and < <
2
x
f ( x) = 1 sin 2 (22.62o ) cos(22.62o ), then
5
f
x
(
)
sin
f ( x) cos
y=
y=
1 cos(22.62o )
1 cos(22.62o )
1.57 GHz (both polarizations)
-10
Radar cross section [dBSM]
for 2.5 in < x < 0 in and < <
2
x
g ( x) = 1 sin 2 (46.6o ) cos(46.6o ), then
5
f ( x) sin
f ( x ) cos
y=
y=
1 cos(46.6o )
1 cos(46.6o )
Radar cross section [dBSM]
EMC Studio/EMCoS Antenna VLab
Metallic Double Ogive Geometry
-150
-120
-90
-60
Azimuth [degree]
-30
The metallic cone-sphere geometry with gap and analytical expressions used for
shape generation are shown below.
The RCS for both horizontal and vertical polarization is plotted in dBSM as a function of the azimuthal angle.
869 MHz (both polarizations)
x 0.359
y = 2.947 1
cos
2.947
2
x 0.359
z = 2.947 1
sin
2.947
for 0 < x < 0.25 in and < <
y = 2.697 cos z = 2.697 sin
-10
-20
-30
-40
HH (measurements)
VV (measurements)
HH (simulations)
VV (simulations)
-50
-60
-180
-150
EMC Studio/EMCoS Antenna VLab Application Note: #12
-120
-90
-60
Azimuth [degree]
9 GHz (both polarization)
10
Radar cross section [dBSM]
for 23.821 in < x < 0 in and < <
y = 0.87145( x + 23.821) cos
z = 0.87145( x + 23.821) sin
for 0 in < x < 3.306 in and < <
Radar cross section [dBSM]
EMCoS Ltd.
27 Pekin Street, Tbilisi, 0160, Georgia
Phone: +995-32-2389091
E-mail: info@emcos.com
www.emcos.com
Metallic Cone-sphere with Gap RCS Comparisons
-30
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
HH (measurements)
VV (measurements)
HH (simulations)
VV (simulations)
-60
-70
-80
-180
-150
-120
-90
-60
Azimuth [degree]
-30
