Trace Kernel Source
Advanced Operating Systems
2009
RTLab
Outline
Linux Kernel
Android Linux Kernel
RTLab
Outline
Linux Kernel
Android Linux Kernel
RTLab
Linux Features
Free
Open system
Open source
GNU GPL (General Public License)
POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) standard
High portability
High performance
Robust
Large development toolset
Large number of device drivers
Large number of application programs
RTLab
Features (Cont.)
Multi-user
allows several users to work on the same machine at the same
time
Multi-process/Multi-processors
more than one program can be executed at a time, whether using
one or several processors
Virtual memory
Loadable kernel modules
Networking
Shared libraries
Support different file systems
Support different executable file formats
Support different networking protocols
Support different architectures
RTLab
Kernel
System call interface kernel
Process control
Memory management
File system management
I/O ,
Device drivers
RTLab
Linux Kernel Architecture
User View of Linux Operating System
Linux Kernel Architecture
Kernel Source Code Organization
RTLab
User View of Linux Operating System
Applications
Shell
Kernel
Hardware
RTLab
System Structure
Processes
System calls interface
File systems
ext2fs
xiafs
proc
minix
nfs
msdos
Central kernel
iso9660
Buffer Cache
Peripheral managers
block
Task management
Scheduler
Signals
Loadable modules
Memory management
Network Manager
character
ipv4
ethernet
...
sound card cdrom isdn
netwo
scsi
pci
rk
Machine interface
Machine
RTLab
Original UNIX System Structure
(the users)
(2)
(1)
system
programs
kernel
shells and commands
compilers and interpreters
system libraries
system-call interface to the kernel
signals
terminal
Handling
file system CPU scheduling
swapping page replacement
char I/O syst. block I/O syst. demand paging
terminal disk and tape
virtual
drivers
drivers
memory
kernel interface to the hardware
hardware
terminal controllers device controllers memory controllers
terminals
RTLab
devices and tapes
physical memory
10
Linux Kernel Architecture
RTLab
11
Analysis of Linux Kernel Architecture
Stability
Safety
Speed
Brevity
Compatability
Portability
Reusability and modifiability
Monolithic kernel vs. microkernel
Linux takes the advantages of monolithic kernel
and microkernel
RTLab
12
Kernel Source
Source code web site:
http://www.kernel.org
latest stable version
Source code version:
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.31.tar.bz2
X.Y.Z
2.6.31
Distributions:
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/distributions/
RED HAT, Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, Mandriva
RTLab
13
Source Code Organization
init
ipc
lib
mm
kernel
net
fs
include
arch
drivers
RTLab
14
Outline
Linux Kernel
Android Linux Kernel
RTLab
15
RTLab
16
AndroidKernel - 1
Gold-Fish
Yaffs2 FLASH file system
Goldfish: a virtual CPU that Android emulator runs
Goldfish executes ARM926T instructions and has
hooks for input and output
Yet Another Flash File System, 2nd edition
New Android Functionality
RTLab
17
AndroidKernel - 2
Bluetooth
Scheduler
Slight changes to the CPU process scheduler and
time-keeping algorithms
Binder (IPC)
Low Memory Killer
Ashmem
Anonymous SHared MEMory system
Interfaces so processes can share named blocks
of memory
RTLab
18
AndroidKernel - 3
Debugging
New Real-Time Clock
RAM Console and Log Device
Android Debug Bridge
Switch support
Timed GPIO support
Power Management
RTLab
19
Resource
Android Open Source Project
http://source.android.com/download
WebGit
http://android.git.kernel.org/
RTLab
20
Project
Description
bionic
C runtime: libc, libm, libdl, dynamic linker
bootloader/legacy
Bootloader reference code
build
Build system
dalvik
Dalvik virtual machine
development
High-level development and debugging tools
frameworks/base
Core Android app framework libraries
frameworks/policies/base
Framework configuration policies
hardware/libhardware
Hardware abstraction library
hardware/ril
Radio interface layer
kernel
Linux kernel
prebuilt
Binaries to support Linux and Mac OS builds
recovery
System recovery environment
system/bluetooth
Bluetooth tools
system/core
Minimal bootable environment
system/extras
Low-level debugging/inspection tools
system/wlan/ti
TI 1251 WLAN driver and tools
http://source.android.com/projects
RTLab
21
Resources for Tracing Linux
GNU Global source code tag system
http://www.gnu.org/software/global/
support C, C++, Yacc, Java and PHP4
find the locations of a specified object quickly.
locate not only object definitions but also object
references.
allows duplicate objects.
locate also path which includes specified pattern.
RTLab
22
Resources for Tracing Linux
LXR
Source code navigator
http://lxr.linux.no/source/
function, struct, macro
E-Books
KernelAnalysis-HOWTO:
http://www.linux.org/docs/ldp/howto/KernelAnalysisHOWTO.html
The Linux Kernel:
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/tlk/tlk.html
RTLab
23
Resources for Tracing Linux
Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals:
http://www.moses.uklinux.net/patches/lki.html
LinuxHQ:
http://www.linuxhq.com
Books
Understanding the Linux Kernel, 3/e
Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati
O'Reilly & Associates.
Linux Core Kernel Commentary
In-Depth Code Annotation, S. Maxwell, Coriolis Open Press, 1999.
RTLab
24
Resources for Tracing Linux
The Linux Kernel, Version 0.8-3, D. A Rusling, 1998.
Linux Kernel Internals, 2nd edition, M. Beck et al., AddisonWesley, 1998.
Linux Kernel, R. Card et al., John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition: OReilly/()
Linux :
Windows
UltraEdit
RTLab
25
Resources for Tracing Linux
VisualStudio
Source Browser, find in files
Unix
grep: grep [option] pattern [file]
ctags: find -name *.[ch] | xargs ctags
tags
cflow: cflow r fun_name *.c
ex : grep ri return rtlcore.c
call graph
c2html: c2html < file.c > file.html
RTLab
26
Resources for Tracing
Source code browser
Cscope
http://cscope.sourceforge.net/
KScope
http://kscope.sourceforge.net/sshots.shtml
Source Insight
http://www.sourceinsight.com/
RTLab
27
KScope - Screenshots 1
RTLab
28
KScope - Screenshots 2
RTLab
29
KScope - Screenshots 3
RTLab
30
Source Insight - Screenshots
RTLab
31
Thank You!
RTLab
32
