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Control Chart Constants and Formulas

This document provides tables of constants and formulas for control charts used in statistical process control. The tables include factors and divisors for calculating control limits for various types of control charts including X-bar and R charts, individual and moving range charts, and attribute charts for proportions, numbers, and rates. Subgroup sizes from 2 to 25 are shown for variables charts and methods for constant and variable sample sizes are provided for attribute charts.

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730 views3 pages

Control Chart Constants and Formulas

This document provides tables of constants and formulas for control charts used in statistical process control. The tables include factors and divisors for calculating control limits for various types of control charts including X-bar and R charts, individual and moving range charts, and attribute charts for proportions, numbers, and rates. Subgroup sizes from 2 to 25 are shown for variables charts and methods for constant and variable sample sizes are provided for attribute charts.

Uploaded by

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Tables of Constants for Control charts

Table 8A - Variable Data

ref : AIAG manual for SPC

X bar and R Charts


Chart for
Averages
Control
Limits
Factor
Subgroup size
(n)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
15
25

A2
1.880
1.023
0.729
0.577
0.483
0.419
0.373
0.337
0.308
0.223
0.153

Chart for
Averages Chart for Standard Deviation (s)
Chart for Ranges (R)
Divisors
Divisors
to
to
Control
Estimate Factors for Control
estimate Factors for Control
Limits
Factor
Limits
Limits
x
x

d2
1.128
1.693
2.059
2.326
2.534
2.704
2.847
2.970
3.078
3.472
3.931

D3
0.076
0.136
0.184
0.223
0.347
0.459

Centerline
X bar and R Charts

CL X = X
CLR = R

X bar and s Charts

X bar and s charts

CLX = X

CL s = s

Institute of Quality and Reliability


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D4
3.267
2.574
2.282
2.114
2.004
1.924
1.864
1.816
1.777
1.653
1.541

A3
2.659
1.954
1.628
1.427
1.287
1.182
1.099
1.032
0.975
0.789
0.606

c4
0.7979
0.8862
0.9213
0.9400
0.9515
0.9594
0.9650
0.9693
0.9727
0.9823
0.9896

B3
0.030
0.118
0.185
0.239
0.284
0.428
0.565

Control Limits
UCLX = X + A2 R

LCL

UCLR = D4 R

LCL R = D3 R

UCLX = X + A3 S

LCL X = X A3 S

UCL s = B4 s

LCL s = B 3 s

Control Chart Factors

= X A2 R

B4
3.267
2.568
2.266
2.089
1.970
1.882
1.815
1.761
1.716
1.572
1.435

x
R
d2

s
c4

Page 1 of 3

Tables of Constants for Control charts


Table 8B Variable Data

ref : AIAG manual for SPC

Median Charts
Chart for
Medians

Charts for Individuals


Chart for
Individuals

Chart for Ranges (R)

Control Divisors to
Limits
Estimate Factors for Control
Factor
Limits
x
Subgroup
size
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

~
A2
1.880
1.187
0.796
0.691
0.548
0.508
0.433
0.412
0.362

d2
1.128
1.693
2.059
2.326
2.534
2.704
2.847
2.970
3.078

D3
0.076
0.136
0.184
0.223

D4
3.267
2.574
2.282
2.114
2.004
1.924
1.864
1.816
1.777

Centerline
CL

Median Charts

~
X

~
= X

CLR = R

Charts for
Individuals

CL

= X

CLR = R

Institute of Quality and Reliability


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Control
Limits
Factor
E2
2.660
1.772
1.457
1.290
1.184
1.109
1.054
1.010
0.975

Chart for Moving Range (R)


Divisors
to
Estimate Factors for Control
x
Limits
d2
1.128
1.693
2.059
2.326
2.534
2.704
2.847
2.970
3.078

D3
0.076
0.136
0.184
0.223

D4
3.267
2.574
2.282
2.114
2.004
1.924
1.864
1.816
1.777

Control Limits
UCL

~
X

~
~
= X + A2 R

UCLR = D4 R

UCL X = X + E 2 R

UCLR = D4 R

Control Chart Factors

LCL

~
X

~
= X A2 R

LCL R = D3 R

LCL X = X E 2 R

LCL R = D3 R

Page 2 of 3

Tables of Formulas for Control charts


Table 8 C Attribute Data

ref : AIAG manual for SPC

Centerline

Control Limits
Samples not necessarily of constant size

UCL
p chart for
CL p = p
proportions of
units in a category

pi

= p+3

c chart for
number of
incidences in one
or more
categories

ni

LCL p i = p 3

p (1 p )
ni

If the Sample size is constant (n)

UCL p = p + 3

np chart for
number / rate of
units in a category

p (1 p )

p (1 p )
n

LCL p = p 3

p (1 p )
n

CLnp = np

UCLnp = np + 3 np(1 p)

LCLnp = np 3 np(1 p)

CL c = c

UCLc = c + 3 c

LCLc = c 3 c

Samples not necessarily of constant size

CLu = u
u chart for
number of
incidences per
unit in one or
more categories

UCLu = u + 3

LCLu = u 3

u
ni

UCL u = u 3

u
n

UCL u = u 3

u
n

using average sample size


UCL u = u + 3

u
n

If the sample size is constant (n)


UCL u = u + 3

Institute of Quality and Reliability


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u
ni

u
n

Control Chart Factors

Page 3 of 3

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