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Computational Electromagnetics - Exercise Sheet 1

1) The transmission conditions for the magnetic vector potential A across the boundary of a conducting ball in an alternating magnetic field take the form of A being continuous and the normal derivative of A being continuous. 2) The solution φ of an electrostatic problem minimizes the energy functional by satisfying the weak formulation of the governing equation. 3) In the case of eddy currents with no external current density or magnetization, the equation for the magnetic vector potential A in the Coulomb gauge takes the form of the vector potential evolving according to the inhomogeneous wave equation with source given by the negative gradient of the electric potential.

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152 views4 pages

Computational Electromagnetics - Exercise Sheet 1

1) The transmission conditions for the magnetic vector potential A across the boundary of a conducting ball in an alternating magnetic field take the form of A being continuous and the normal derivative of A being continuous. 2) The solution φ of an electrostatic problem minimizes the energy functional by satisfying the weak formulation of the governing equation. 3) In the case of eddy currents with no external current density or magnetization, the equation for the magnetic vector potential A in the Coulomb gauge takes the form of the vector potential evolving according to the inhomogeneous wave equation with source given by the negative gradient of the electric potential.

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zkalel_m
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Computational Electromagnetics; Exercise I

Computational Electromagnetics - Exercise sheet 1


Exercise 1: Conducting ball in the field of a circular coil
Consider a copper ball := {x lR3 | |x| R} in the alternating field of a rotational

symmetric circular coil. Denote by i := the interior domain and by e = lR3 \


the exterior domain and assume spherical coordinates. Show that in terms of the magnetic
vector potential A, associated with the induced magnetic field, the transmissions conditions
on take the form

[n B]J = 0
[n H]J = 0

(Ae Ai )| = 0 ,
Ae
Ai
(

)| = 0 .
r
r

(1)
(2)

Solution:
Because of Bio Savarts law and symmetry arguments we get A = A(r, ) e . Using the
first condition [n B]J = 0, where n = er , we get

[n B]J = [er curl A]J =





(A(r, ) sin )
[er curl A(r, )e ]J =
r sin
J
At r = R we get the continuity equation


(A(R, ) sin ) = 0.
R sin
J

As this is true for all this means that




(A(R, ) sin ) = 0

and thus

Ae (R, ) Ai (R, ) sin = C = const.
Taking = 0 we see that C = 0. Since this is true for all we have

Ronald H.W. Hoppe/Werner Schabert

(Aa Ai )| = 0.
Taking [n H]J = 0 we get


1
1
1
er e
(r A(r, ))
=
[n H]J = [er curl A]J =

r r
J


1
1

er e A(r, ) +
(A(r, ))
= 0.

r
r
J
This means that at r = R we have

1
Ae (R, ) Ai (R, ) | +
R




e
i
A (r, ) A (r, ) | = 0.
r

Using the previous result we finally get

Ae
Ai

)| = 0.
r
r

Exercise 2: Electrostatic problems


Show that the solution H0,2 () of the electrostatic problem
Z
Z
Z
grad gradv dx =
v dx +
v d , v H0,2 ()

minimizes the energy functional


Z
Z
Z
1
gradv gradv dx
v dx
v d
J(v) =
2

in the sense that


J(u) =

inf

J(v) .

vH0,2 ()

Solution:
Assume that is the solution of (3). Since H0,2 () is a vector space we can write
= + ,

(3)

with = .

(4)

Computational Electromagnetics; Exercise I

Thus we get

1
J() =
2

Z
grad( + ) grad( + ) dx

( + ) dx

( + ) d
1

1
=
2

Z
( grad grad + 2 grad grad + grad grad) dx

( + ) dx

1
=
2

Z
( + ) d
1

Z
grad grad dx + 0 + J() J().

This means that minimizes the funtional; (4).


Exercise 3: Eddy currents equations
Consider the eddy currents equations in a homogeneous medium and assume Je = 0 as well
as M = 0. Show that in case of the Coulomb gauge the equation for the magnetic vector
potential A takes the form
A
1

A = grad .
t

(5)

Solution:
In the eddy currents case the Maxwells equation for the magnetic vector potential are
given by


A
+ curl 1 curl A 1
= Je grad .
r M
t

Using the assumptions Je = 0 and M = 0 this reduces to


A
+ curl 1 curl A = grad .
t

In the case of the Coulomb Gauge we can use the identity

Ronald H.W. Hoppe/Werner Schabert

curl curl A = A + div grad A .


Since = const we finally get
1
A
+
A = grad .
t

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