4/14/2013

CSC454 WK#3 Oracle 11gR2 Installation

Lecture Oracle11g Installation

Lab #1A Oracle11g Installation
Lab #1B Post-installation Verification
HW#2 - Due in 2 weeks

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Installing Oracle11g and Creating a Database

Obtain Oracle11g Software and Documentation
Pre-installation Planning
Database Environments
Hardware, Software License and Editions
Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA)
Database Administrator Users and Tools

Installation and Creating a database

Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)
Create a database using Oracle Managed Files (OMF)

Post-installation Verification
Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)
SQL*Plus
SQL Developer

De-installation
Lab#1
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Obtain Oracle11g Software

http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/index.html

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Unzip each file (Example: 32-bit)

Move 3 folders from

win32_11gR2_database2of2/database/stage/components/
to
win32_11gR2_database1of2/database/stage/components/

Rename win32_11gR2_database1of2/database ->

Oracle11gR2 (2.16 GB)

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You must register first to down load Oracle 11g

otn.oracle.com

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What Does 11.2.0.1.0 Mean to A DBA?

11 Major Database Version Number
It represents a major new version of the software that contains significant new
functionality.

2 - Database Maintenance Release Number

It represents a maintenance release level. Some new features may also be included.

0 - Application Server Release Number

Reflects the release level of the Oracle Application Server (OracleAS).

1 - Component-Specific Release Number

Identifies a release level specific to a component. Different components can have
different numbers in this position depending upon, for example, component patch sets
or interim releases.

0 - Platform-specific Patch Set Number

Identifies a platform-specific release. Usually this is a patch set. When different
platforms require the equivalent patch set, this digit will be the same across the
affected platforms.

Checking Your Current Release Number

SQL> SELECT * FROM PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION;
PRODUCT
VERSION
STATUS
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition 11.2.0.2.0
Production
NLSRTL
11.2.0.2.0
Production
PL/SQL
11.2.0.2.0
Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows
11.2.0.2.0
Production

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Licensing
Per Processor Licensing
Acquire a license for each processor running Oracle.
Allows an unlimited number of users to connect from a LAN or WAN
More cost effective for organizations with a large number of users, such as
enterprise-level, or organizations that offer Web-based solutions.

Per User Licensing

Acquire a license for every Oracle client on each workstation that connects to
any Oracle instance on the server.
More appropriate for smaller organizations that experience high usage among a
smaller, known set of users.

Oracle's Multi-Core Factor in Licensing

Multi-core processor licensing costs have to do with the number of cores
multiplied by Oracle's defined multi-core factor. For example, the IBM AIX
system has 4-eight core processors, which means that it requires 24 Oracle
licenses based on Oracle's "multi-core factor", which is 0.75 for the IBM AIX
system. (24 Oracle licenses are needed is 4*8*0.75 = 24)
The multi-core factor is as follows:
0.25 for SUN's UltraSparc T1 processors
0.50 for Intel and AMD processors
0.75 for SUN's UltraSparc T2 processors
0.75 for all other multi-core processors
1.00 for single-core processors

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Advanced Options at Additional Cost

Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC): Unlimited scalability and high availability for
any packaged or custom application via clustered hardware configurations
Oracle Configuration Management Pack: Track hardware and software configuration
for hosts and databases plus cloning for database instances and Oracle home to
facilitate deployments.
Oracle Change Management Pack: Evaluate, plan for, and implement database
schema changes to support new application requirements; eliminate errors/data loss
when making changes; minimize downtime.
Oracle Diagnostics Pack: Ensure high availability of mission-critical business
systems by reducing the number of complex performance tasks.
Oracle Tuning Pack (requires Diagnostics Pack): Dynamic tuning recommendations
for more-efficient resource utilization, higher transaction throughput, faster query
performance; avoid costly hardware, memory, and disk upgrades.
Oracle Partitioning: Enhanced data management environment for OLTP, datamart,
and data warehouse applications; improves manageability, availability, and
performance for large underlying database tables and indexes.
Oracle OLAP: Complete set of analytical functions fully integrated within the
database.
Oracle Data Mining: Embedded data mining for classifications, predictions, and
associations to build advanced business intelligence applications.
Oracle Spatial: Foundation for deploying enterprise-wide spatial information systems,
and Web-based and wireless location-based applications.
Oracle Advanced Security: Industry standard network encryption, strong
authentication (PKI, Kerberos, RADIUS).
Oracle Label Security: Row level security based on stringent government and
commercial requirements; sensitivity labels (i.e. confidential, doctor-patient only, top
secret) provide better intellectual property protection and privacy.
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ORACLE DATABASE PRODUCT EDITIONS

Product Edition
Enterprise Edition

Description
Industry-leading performance, scalability,
and reliability for OLTP, decision support,
and content management
Four-processor version of Oracle
Standard Edition
Database 11g with Oracle Real
Application Clusters
Standard Edition One Two-processor version of Standard
Edition at an attractive, entry-level price
Full-featured version for individuals,
Personal Edition
compatible with the entire Oracle
Database family
Complete infrastructure for building,
Lite Edition
deploying, and managing mobile
database applications

Typical Environment Number of Users

Large enterprises
More than 1,000
(4+ CPUs)
Medium-size
enterprises
(3 to 4 CPUs)
Small/departmental
(1 to 2 CPUs)
Individual
laptop/desktop

400 to 1,000

Individual PDAs,
mobile devices

One

Less than 400

One

Editions: Standard Edition One, $149 per user license (minimum of 5 users) and $4,995
per processor (maximum two sockets per server);
Standard Edition, $300 per user license (minimum of 5 users) and $15,000 per CPU
(maximum four sockets per server);
Enterprise Edition, $800 per user license (minimum of 25 users) and $40,000 per CPU.

Feature
RAC

License Type List License Annual Support

Processor
$10,000
$2,000
User
$200
$40
Partition Processor
$10,000
$2,000
User
$200
$40

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Database Planning Considerations

Environment
Sandbox, Development/Test, QA, Production
O/S (UNIX, Linux, Windows, etc.): version/release/patch level, 32-bit vs. 64-bit
Memory: SGA
Storage: RAID, SAN, etc.
Network: LAN, WAN, Wireless

Will this server have only one Oracle instance?

Will this database be shared between multiple instances? (Oracle RAC)
Will this database be distributed? (Data Guard, Replication, etc.)
Number of users, both internal and external
Number of concurrent users

Application Type: OLTP vs. OLAP, Vendor vs. In-house

Number of changes (Update/Insert/Delete)

Tablespace size: System (UNDO, Temp, etc.), Application

Number and placement of Control Files
Number, size, and placement of Redo Logs
Will this database be running in Archive Log mode?
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Environment Preparation
Your PC/Laptop
XP

Home
Professional
Vista

32-bit
64-bit
Windows 7

32-bit
64-bit

Does my PC have the minimum hardware

requirements?
Does my PC belong to a domain?
Disable/Enable Windows Firewall
Dont block Oracle ports
Set Logon AS A Batch Job (Local Security)
Create a logon ID on your PC
Additional IP Address (Optional)
DHCP
Loopback

Windows 8
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Your PC / laptop

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Does my PC have the minimum hardware requirements?

2 GHz CPU
2 GB RAM
5 GB free Disk
Windows 7 (recommended)
Does my PC belong to a domain?

Windows XP Professional Edition is supported by Oracle11g

Enterprise Edition, Standard Edition, Personal Edition, and Client.
Please note that Oracle Corp. does NOT currently support
Windows XP Home Edition for any release of Oracle9i, 10g, etc.

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Dont block Oracle ports

C:\app\product\11.2.0\db_1\install\portlist

1158 OEM Instance #1

5500 OEM Instance #2
:
OEM Instance #n
1521 Listener
3938 OEM Agent
5620 Ultrasearch

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ID/PW error

If you create a non-domain user, then need to add

this user to the ORA_DBAgroup

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Logon As A Batch Job (XP)

** Home Edition doesnt

have this option.

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Windows 7

** Home Edition doesnt

have this option.

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Right
click to
add more

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What happen if I dont have a logon ID on my PC?

Create a normal user
Put this user in the ORA_DBA group
Give this user Logon As A Batch Job privilege
This will make OEM startup/shutdown and other things that
may require host credentials
You can continue to log on without using ID

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Single Instance vs. Multiple Instances

Multiple Instances
A feature in Oracle
Each instance can be at different binary levels
Provides security isolation
Allows server consolidation
Fewer machines to administer
Reduce cost thru application consolidation - hardware, software, licenses, etc.
Concurrent development and testing environments
More likely to invest in and protect more expensive computers, leading to
greater reliability
Allows application hosting

Single Server model has its own advantages

No additional Oracle administration
Automatic server settings work better with less contention for resources
Likely to perform better in production environments
Dedicated server is still the best way to go if you can do it
No charge back issues
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Users Dream

Americans Dream
One Family

Single Server
Single House
One
Instance

One App.
Database

Luxury
Ownership
Control
Independent
Privacy
Expensive
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Multiple Instances Configuration

Multiple Domain

Single Domain

Instance-1
Instance-1
Instance-2

Instance-2

Instance-3
Instance-3

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Multiple Instances Scenario CSC454 Lab

Team #35
SDLAB35

Query
Student 1: Bob

Query

INSTANCE
Bob

INSTANCE
Joe

Oracle11g

Student 2: Joe

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Multiple Instances Scenario - Multiple Environments

Query

INST-1
Dev.

Query

INST-2
Pre-Prod.

Programmer

Oracle11g

QA

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Multiple Instances Scenario - Multiple Applications

Acct Client
INST-1
11g

Query

HR Client
Query

INST-2
10g R2

Sales Client
Query

INST-3
9i

Oracle11g
Oracle10g R2
Oracle9i

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Multiple Instances Scenario - Application hosting

Outsourcing resources and administrative services for
multiple companies
Flexibility in providing varying service levels based on
customer segment
Security isolation among applications and companies

INSTVideo

Internet

INSTElectronics

INST-Toy

Query

Oracle
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Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA)

Oracles recommended standard database architecture layout
OFA organizes database files by type and usage.
Establish a directory structure where database files can be easily differentiated
from other files.
Files can be spread across multiple disks.
Separate objects with different behavior into different tablespaces.
It is easy to identify control files, redo log files, and datafiles.
Consistent naming convention for easy administration and support

File System Organization: The file system is organized for easy

administration.
Administration of multiple Oracle homes on the same machine by separating files
on different disks and directories
Creating databases
Adding objects
Adding data into existing databases
Adding hardware
Better performance is achieved by decreasing disk contention among datafiles,
binary files, and administrative files which can now reside on separate directories
and disks.
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Oracle Software and File Locations Example

oracle_base

Software

/product
/release_number
/db_1
/BIN
/dbs
/rdbms
/sqldeveloper
/sqlplus
...
/admin
/inst_name
/pfile
/adump
...

Files
oradata/
INST1/
system01.dbf
control01.ctl
redo0101.log
HR.dbf
...
INST2/
system01.dbf
control01.ctl
redo0101.log
ACCT.dbf
...
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Windows Oracle File Layout Example

C:\app\

C:\app\admin\INST1

adump - Audit files

dpdump - Data Pump default directory
pfile - Instance parameter files
scripts Your SQL scripts

C:\app\oradata\INST1

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Database Administrators and Users

Users SYS, SYSTEM, SYSMAN, DBSNMP are created automatically
During database creation
Granted the DBA role
SYS: Owner of the database data dictionary
When connecting as SYS it should be made as SYSDBA.
Otherwise, you will receive the error: ORA-28009 connecting to
SYS should be SYSDBA.
SYSTEM: Owner of additional internal tables and views used by Oracle tools
SYSMAN: Perform Oracle Enterprise Manager administration tasks.
DBSNMP: The management agent of Enterprise Manager uses the
DBSNMP account to monitor and manage the database.
In 11g, default users are locked and password expired (for example, HR)
You can unlocked the account and then change the password
You should create at least one additional administrator ID which has
the SYSTEM privilege to perform daily administrative tasks.

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Database Administration Tools

Examples of Common Database Administration Tools
Tool

Description

Oracle Universal
Installer (OUI)

Used to install, upgrade, or remove software

components

Oracle Database
Configuration
Assistant (DBCA)

A graphical user interface tool that interacts with the

OUI, or can be used independently, to create, delete, or
modify a database

SQL*Plus

A query tool to access data in an Oracle database

SQL Developer

A better query tool to access data in an Oracle database

Oracle Enterprise
Manager (OEM)
Database Control

A graphical interface used to administer, monitor, and

tune one or more databases

Grid Control
The tools listed are covered in this course, but they are only a subset of the utilities supplied by Oracle.
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Installation and Creating a Database

An Oracle database can be created by:
Automatically created as part of the Oracle11g installation using the
Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)
Using the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA)
Graphical user interface
Java-based
Launched by the Oracle Universal Installer
Can be used as a standalone

Creating a SQL script using the CREATE DATABASE command

Migrate or upgrade an existing database from a previous version of
Oracle.

SYSDBA privileges are required to create a database.

These are granted by one of the following:
Operating system
Password file

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Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)

OUI is a JAVA application ..
Performs component-based installations
Enables different levels of integrated bundle, suite, and Web-based installations
Can be easily portable across all Java-enabled platforms

Used to install, upgrade, or remove software components, and create a

database based on a Java engine. Features include:
Automatic dependency resolution
Allows for Web-based installations
Tracking inventory of component and suite installations
Deinstallation of installed components
Support for multiple Oracle homes
National language support (NLS)/globalization support
Can be run in interactive mode or silent mode.

Usually the Oracle Universal Installer will launch automatically after you
mount CD
To start Oracle Universal Installer on UNIX:
The installation program is called runInstaller and is located in the Install\linux\ directory
for LINUX or Install\Solaris\ directory for SUN, etc.
$ ./runInstaller
On UNIX do NOT run the Installer as a root user.

To start Oracle Universal Installer on Windows:

The installation program is called setup.exe and is located in the Oracle11g DVD.

CD:\>setup
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Installation Process

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PW: contains at least

1 uppercase character,
1 lower case character and
1 digit [0-9].
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Be patient do NOT cancel

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Launch OEM

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Invoke SQL Developer

Your ID
C:\app\mchou\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\jdk\bin\java.exe

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Post-installation Verification and Tasks

Components
OS Level:
Files and Directories
Processes and Services
Database Level:
Default Users
Default Schemas

Things To Do
Configure advanced features
Install/upgrade applications
Install/upgrade tools
Establish security roles and add new users
Create new objects
Load data
Set up routine maintenance jobs
Set up regular backup jobs

Testing
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Oracle11g Services and Files - Single instance

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Oracle11g Database Services on Windows

On Windows/XP, Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> Administrative Tools
-> Services

Oracle services are automatically started after installation when you

create a database:
OracleDBConsoleSID (the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control)
OracleHOME_NAMETNSListener (the Oracle Database listener service)
OracleServiceSID (the Oracle Database service)

However, other services for networking or other individual components

may not automatically start. For example: OracleJobSchedulerSID
(Schedule Jobs)
Note: HOME_NAME= OraDb11g_home1 SID=INST1
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Deinstall Oracle (Only on your own PC)

Use OUI

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Clean up the Registry

1. Select Start > Run, enter REGEDIT, and click OK.

2. At the Windows Registry Editor, expand the
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE and delete the ORACLE key.
3. Expand the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet001\Services
and delete all keys that begin with ORACLE if you have any.
4. Expand the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet002\Services
and delete all keys that begin with ORACLE if you have any.
5. Expand the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\
EventLog\Application and delete all keys that begin with ORACLE.

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Clean Up Environment

Reboot PC
Delete all Oracle directories
C:\app\ ...
C:\LAB454
C:\U4

For this class only

Verification
Control Panel -> Services (No Oracle Services)
Program (No Oracle Entries)

Empty Recycle Bin

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