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python
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184 terms by quizlette7035835
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algorithm
A set of specific steps for solving a
category of problems
bug
an error in a program
comment
in a program that is meant for other
programmers (or anyone reading the
source code) and has no effect on the
execution of the program
token
basic elements of a language(letters,
numbers, symbols)
high-level language
A programming language like Python that
is designed to be easy for humans to read
and write.
low-level langauge
A programming language that is designed
to be easy for a computer to execute; also
called machine language or assembly
language
print
A function used in a program or script that
causes the Python interpreter to display a
value on its output device.
runtime error
An error that does not occur until the
program has started to execute but that
prevents the program from continuing.
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semantic error
An error in a program that makes it do
something other than what the
programmer intended.
semantic
the meaning of a program
syntax
The structure of a program
syntax error
An error in a program that makes it
impossible to parse and therefore
impossible to interpret.
string
contains a string of letters
variable
name that refers to a value
assignment statement
gives value to a variable
keyword
define the language's syntax rules and
structure, and they cannot be used as
variable names
statement
instruction that the Python interpreter can
execute
operators
special tokens that represent
computations like addition, multiplication
and division
modulus operator
%, works on integers (and integer
expressions) and gives the remainder
when the first number is divided by the
second
evaluate
To simplify an expression by performing
the operations in order to yield a single
value.
int
A Python data type that holds positive and
negative whole numbers
float
A Python data type which stores floatingpoint numbers. Floating-point numbers
are stored internally in two parts: a base
and an exponent. When printed in the
standard format, they look like decimal
numbers
flow of execution
The order in which statements are
executed during a program run.
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function
A named sequence of statements that
performs some useful operation.
Functions may or may not take
parameters and may or may not produce
a result
fruitful function
A function that returns a value when it is
called.
local variable
A variable defined inside a function. A local
variable can only be used inside its
function. Parameters of a function are also
a special kind of local variable.
parameter
A name used inside a function to refer to
the value which was passed to it as an
argument.
boolean function
A function that returns a Boolean value.
The only possible values of the bool type
are False and True.
None
A special Python value. One use in Python
is that it is returned by functions that do
not execute a return statement with a
return argument.
block
A group of consecutive statements with
the same indentation.
boolean expression
An expression that is either true or false.
conditional statement
A statement that controls the flow of
execution depending on some condition.
In Python the keywords if, elif, and else are
used for conditional statements.
conditional statement
One program structure within another,
such as a conditional statement inside a
branch of another conditional statement
type conversion
An explicit function call that takes a value
of one type and computes a
corresponding value of another type.
definite iteration
A loop where we have an upper bound on
the number of times the body will be
executed. Definite iteration is usually best
coded as a for loop
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increment
Both as a noun and as a verb, increment
means to increase by 1.
iteration
Repeated execution of a set of
programming statements.
nested loop
A loop inside the body of another loop.
trace
To follow the flow of execution of a
program by hand, recording the change of
state of the variables and any output
produced.
aliases
Multiple variables that contain references
to the same object.
clone
To create a new object that has the same
value as an existing object. Copying a
reference to an object creates an alias but
doesn't clone the object.
compound data type
A data type that is itself made up of
elements that are themselves values.
decrement
To subtract one from a variable.
dictionary
A collection of key/value pairs that maps
from keys to values.
exception
Raised by the runtime system if something
goes wrong while the program is running.
file
A named entity, usually stored on a hard
drive, floppy disk, or CD-ROM, that
contains a stream of characters.
format operator
The % operator takes a format string and a
tuple of values and generates a string by
inserting the data values into the format
string at the appropriate locations.
global variable
Can be seen through a program module,
even inside of functions.
immutable type
A compound data type whose elements
can NOT be assigned new values.
iteration
To repeat a section of code.
mutable type
A compound data type whose elements
can be assigned new values.
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nested list
A list that is itself contained within a list.
operator
A special symbol that represents a simple
computation like addition, multiplication,
or string concatenation.
pixel
Smallest addressable element of a picture.
proprioception
on a robot, internal sensing mechanisms.
On a human, a sense of the relative
positions of different parts of ones own
body.
recursion
The process of calling the currently
executing function.
robot
mechanism or an artificial entity that can
be guided by automatic controls.
sequence
A data type that is made up of elements
organized linearly, with each element
accessed by an integer index.
short circuit evaluation
When a boolean expression is evaluated
the evaluation starts at the left hand
expression and proceeds to the right,
stopping when it is no longer necessary to
evaluate
any further to determine the final
outcome.
slice
A copy of part of a sequence specified by a
series of indices.
str
converts to a string
traverse
To repeat an operation on all members of
a set from the start to the end.
argument
a value provided to a function when the
function is called. This value is assigned to
the corresponding parameter in the
function.
integer division
An operation that divides one integer by
another and yields an integer. Integer
division yields only the whole number of
times that the numerator is divisible by
the denominator and discards any
remainder.
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element
One of the values in a list (or other
sequence). The bracket operator selects
elements of a list.
lambda
A piece of code which can be executed as
if it were a function but without a name.
(It is also a keyword used to create such an
anonymous function.)
module
A file containing definitions and
statements
intended to be imported by other
programs.
What is the disadvantage of coding in one
long sequence structure?
If parts of the duplicated code have to be
corrected, the correction has to be made
many times.
What type of loop structure repeats the
code a specific number of times
Count-controlled loop
What type of loop structure repeats the
code based on the value of the Boolean
expression
Condition-controlled loop
What is the format for the while clause in
Python
while condition : statement
What are the values that the variable num
contains through the iterations of the
following for loop?
for num in range(2, 9, 2)
2, 4, 6, 8
What are the values that the variable num
contains through the iterations of the
following for loop?
for num in range(4)
0, 1, 2, 3
The variable used to keep the running
total
Accumulator
What is not an example of an augmented
assignment operator
<=
_____ is the process of inspecting data that
has been input to a program to make sure
it is valid before it is used in a
computation.
Input validation
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The first input operation is called the _____,
and its purpose is to get the first input
value that will be tested by the validation
loop.
Priming read
What is the structure that causes a
statement or a set of statements to
execute repeatedly?
Repetition
When will the following loop terminate?
while keep_on_going != 999 :
When keep_on_going refers to a value not
equal to 999
In Python, a comma-separated sequence
of data items that are enclosed in a set of
brackets is called a _____.
list
In Python, the variable in the for clause is
referred to as the _____ because it is the
target of an assignment at the beginning
of each loop iteration.
Target Variable
Which of the following represents an
example to calculate the sum of the
numbers (accumulator)?
total += number
True/False: A better way to repeatedly
perform an operation is to write the
statements for the task once, and then
place the statements in a loop that will
repeat the statements as many times as
necessary.
True
True/False: In flowcharting, the decision
structure and the repetition structure both
use the diamond symbol to represent the
condition that is tested.
True
True/False: The first line in the while loop
is referred to as the condition clause.
True
True/False: In Python, an infinite loop
usually occurs when the computer
accesses the wrong memory address.
False
True/False: Both of the following for
clauses would generate the same number
of loop iterations:
for num in range(4):
for num in range(1,5):
False
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True/False: The integrity of a program's
output is only as good as the integrity of
its input. For this reason the program
should discard input that is invalid and
prompt the user to enter correct data.
True
True/False: In a nested loop, the inner loop
goes through all of its iterations for every
single iteration of an outer loop.
True
True/False: To get the total number of
iterations of a nested loop, multiply the
number of iterations of all the loops.
True
A(n) ?? structure causes a statement or set
of statements to execute repeatedly.
Repetition
A(n) ??-controlled loop causes a statement
or set of statements to repeat as long as a
condition is true.
Condition
The while loop is known as a(n) ?? loop
because it tests conditions before
performing an iteration.
Pretest
In Python, you would use the ?? statement
to write a count-controlled loop.
For
A(n) ?? total is a sum of numbers that
accumulates with each iteration of a loop.
Running
A(n) ?? is a special value that marks the
end of a sequence of items.
Sentinel
The acronym ?? refers to the fact that the
computer cannot tell the difference
between good data and bad data.
GIGO
A(n) ?? validation loop is sometimes called
an error trap or an error handler.
Input
The ?? function is a built-in function that
generates a list of integer values.
Range
Programs are commonly referred to as
software
Which of the following is considered to be
the world's first programmable electronic
computer
ENIAC
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Where does a computer store a program
and the data that the program is working
with while the program is running?
Main memory
What type of volatile memory is usually
used only for temporary storage while
running a program?
RAM
Which of the following is not a
microprocessor manufacturing company?
Dell
Which computer language uses short
words known as mnemonics for writing
programs?
Assembly
The process known as the _____ cycle is
used by the CPU to execute instructions in
a program.
fetch-decode-execute
The following is an example of an
instruction written in which computer
language? 10110000
Machine language
What is the encoding technique called that
is used to store negative numbers in the
computer's memory?
two's complement
The _____ coding scheme contains a set of
128 numeric codes that are used to
represent characters in the computer
memory.
ASCII
What is the largest value that can be
stored in one byte?
255
The smallest storage location in a
computer's memory
bit
The disk drive is a secondary storage
device that stores data by _____ encoding it
onto a spinning circular disk.
magnetically
A _____ has no moving parts, and operates
faster than a traditional disk drive.
solid state drive
True/False: A software developer is the
person with the training to design, create,
and test computer programs.
True
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True/False: A computer is a single device
that performs different types of tasks for
its users.
False
True/False: The CPU is able to quickly
access data stored at any random location
in ROM.
False
True/False: All programs are normally
stored in ROM and loaded into RAM as
needed for processing.
False
True/False: The instruction set for a
microprocessor is unique and is typically
understood only by the microprocessors
of the same brand.
True
True/False: The CPU understands
instructions written in a binary machine
language.
True
True/False: The main reason for using
secondary storage is to hold data for long
periods of time, even when the power
supply to the computer is turned off.
True
True/False: RAM is a volatile memory used
for temporary storage while a program is
running.
True
True/False: The Python language uses a
compiler, which is a program that both
translates and executes the instructions in
a high level language.
False
A(n) _______________ is a set of instructions
that a computer follows to perform a task.
program
The term _______________ refers to all of the
physical devices that a computer is made
of.
hardware
The _______________ is the part of a
computer that actually runs programs and
is the most important component in a
computer.
cpu
_______________ are small central
processing unit chips.
micro processors
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Main memory is commonly known as
_______________.
RAM
_______________ is a type of memory that
can hold data for long periods of time,
even when there is no power to the
computer.
secondary storage
A disk drive stores data by _______________
encoding it onto a circular disk.
magnetically
The Python _______________ is a program
that can read Python programming
statements and execute them.
interpreter
In _______________ mode, the interpreter
reads the contents of a file that contains
Python statements and executes each
statement.
script
What type of error produces incorrect
results but does not prevent the program
from running?
logic
The program development cycle is made
up of _____ steps that are repeated until no
errors can be found in the program.
What is the informal language that
programmers use to create models of
programs that have no syntax rules and
are not meant to be compiled or
executed?
pseudocode
The _____ function reads a piece of data
that has been entered at the keyboard
and returns that piece of data, as a string,
back to the program.
input
The line continuation character is a _____.
Which mathematical operator is used to
raise five to the second power in Python?
**
In a print statement, you can set the _____
argument to a space or empty string to
stop the output from advancing to a new
line.
end
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After the execution of the following
statement, the variable sold will reference
the numeric literal value as a(n) _____ data
type: sold = 256.752
float
After the execution of the following
statement, the variable price will reference
the value _____. price = int(68.549)
68
The output of the following print
statement is:
print 'I\'m ready to begin'
I'm ready to begin
If value1 is 2.0 and value2 is 12, what is the
output of the following command?
print(value1 * value2)
24.0
The _____ built-in function is used to read a
number that has been typed on the
keyboard.
input()
What is the output of the following print
statement?
print('The path is D:\\sample\\test.')
The path is D:\sample\test
What symbol is used to mark the
beginning and end of a string?
Quotation
True/False: According to the behavior of
integer division, when an integer is divided
by an integer, the result will be a float.
False
True/False: Python allows programmers to
break a statement into multiple lines.
True
True/False: Python formats all floatingpoint numbers to two decimal places
when outputting using the print
statement.
False
True/False: Computer programs typically
perform three steps: Input is received,
some process is performed on the input,
and output is produced.
True
True/False: In Python, print statements
written on separate lines do not
necessarily output on separate lines.
True
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True/False: The \t escape character causes
the output to skip over to the next
horizontal tab.
True
_______________ are notes of explanation
that document lines or sections of a
program.
comments
The % symbol is the remainder operator
and it is also known as the _______________
operator.
modulus
A(n) _______________ character is a special
character that is preceded with a
backslash, appearing inside a string literal.
escape
The _______________ specifier is a special set
of characters that specify how a value
should be formatted.
formatting
When applying the .3f formatting specifier
to the following number, 76.15854, the
result is _______________.
76.159
A(n) _______________ is a name that
represents a value stored in the
computer's memory.
variable
Python uses _______________ to categorize
values in memory.
data types
When the + operator is used with two
strings, it performs string _______________.
Concatenation
A(n) _____ structure is a logical design that
controls the order in which a set of
statements execute.
control
The decision structure that has two
possible paths of execution is known as
_____.
double alternative
Multiple Boolean expressions can be
combined by using a logical operator to
create _____ expressions.
compound
When using the _____ operator, one or
both subexpressions must be true for the
compound expression to be true.
Or
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Which logical operators perform shortcircuit evaluation?
or, and
True/False: The if statement causes one or
more statements to execute only when a
Boolean expression is true.
True
Boolean variable can reference one of two
values: _____.
true or false
True/False: The Python language is not
sensitive to block structuring of code.
False
True/False: Python allows you to compare
strings, but it is not case sensitive.
False
True/False: Nested decision structures are
one way to test more than one condition.
True
True/False: The not operator is a unitary
operator and it must be a compound
expression.
False
True/False: Short-circuit evaluation is
performed with the not operator.
False
True/False: Expressions that are tested by
the if statement are called Boolean
expressions.
True
True/False: Decision structures are also
known as selection structures.
True
True/False: An action in a single alternative
decision structure is performed only when
the condition is true.
True
The _______________ statement is used to
create a decision structure.
If
In flowcharting, the _______________ symbol
is used to represent a Boolean expression.
diamond
A(n) _______________ decision structure
provides only one alternative path of
execution.
single alternative
In a decision structure, the action is
_______________ executed because it is
performed only when a certain condition
is true.
conditionally
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A(n) _______________ operator determines
whether a specific relationship exists
between two values.
relational
A(n) _______________ statement will execute
one block of statements if its condition is
true, or another block if its condition is
false.
if/else
Python provides a special version of a
decision structure known as the
_______________ statement, which makes
the logic of the nested decision structure
simpler to write
if elif else
The logical _______________ operator
reverses the truth of a Boolean
expression.
not
Boolean variables are commonly used as
_______________ to indicate whether a
specific condition exists.
flags
A(n) _______________ expression is made up
of two or more Boolean expressions.
compound
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