"Bootiful" Applications with Spring Boot
Dave Syer - Stphane Nicoll
Pivotal
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are 2013-2014Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensedunder a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Bootiful Applications with Spring Boot
Dave Syer, Stphane Nicoll
@david_syer @snicoll
[dsyer,snicoll]@pivotal.io
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are 2013-2015Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensedunder a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
@david_syer | @snicoll
Spring IO platform
XD
BOOT
XD
Bootable, Minimal, Ops-Ready
INTEGRATION
DATA
GRAILS
BOOT
Stream, Taps, Jobs
Big,
Fast,
Flexible
Data
Channels, Adapters,
Filters, Transformers
Full-stack, Web
BATCH
BIG DATA
WEB
Jobs, Steps,
Readers, Writers
Ingestion, Export,
Orchestration, Hadoop
Controllers, REST,
WebSocket
RELATIONAL
CORE
FRAMEWORK
3
GRAILS
Web,
Integration,
Batch
SECURITY
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are 2013-2015Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensedunder a
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NON-RELATIONAL
GROOVY
REACTOR
@david_syer | @snicoll
https://spring.io - Boot in production > 18 months!
github.com/spring-io/sagan
4
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Spring Boot: Focus Attention
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are 2013-2015Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensedunder a
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Introduction to Spring Boot
! Single point of focus (as opposed to large collection of spring-* projects)
! A tool for getting started very quickly with Spring
! Common non-functional requirements for a "real" application
! Exposes a lot of useful features by default
! Gets out of the way quickly if you want to change defaults
! An opportunity for Spring to be opinionated
Spring Boot lets you pair-program with the Spring team.
Josh Long, @starbuxman
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@david_syer | @snicoll
_ Spring Boot is NOT
!
!
!
!
A prototyping tool
Only for embedded container apps
Sub-par Spring experience
For Spring beginners only
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are 2013-2015Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensedunder a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
@david_syer | @snicoll
Installation
! Requirements:
Java (>=1.6) + (for Java projects)
Maven 3.2+ or Gradle 1.12+
! Spring Tool Suite has some nice features for Java projects
! Download: https://start.spring.io/spring.zip
! Unzip the distro (approx. 10MB), and find bin/ directory
$ spring help
...
! (You can also install Spring Boot CLI with gvm, brew or MacPorts)
8
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Getting Started Really Quickly
@RestController
class Example {
@RequestMapping("/")
String home() {
'Hello world!'
}
}
$ spring run app.groovy
... application is running at http://localhost:8080
9
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@david_syer | @snicoll
What Just Happened?
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController
// other imports ...
@RestController
class Example {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}
10
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@david_syer | @snicoll
What Just Happened?
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController
// other imports ...
@Grab("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-web-starter:1.2.1.RELEASE")
@RestController
class Example {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}
11
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@david_syer | @snicoll
What Just Happened?
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController
// other imports ...
@Grab("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-web-starter:1.2.1.RELEASE")
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@RestController
class Example {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}
12
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@david_syer | @snicoll
What Just Happened?
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController
// other imports ...
@Grab("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-web-starter:1.2.1.RELEASE")
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@RestController
class Example {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Example.class, args);
}
}
13
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Getting Started in Java
! Create a skeleton project on https://start.spring.io
! Choose the web option and download the project
! Add a simple controller alongside the app
@RestController
public class HomeController {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String home() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}
14
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Starter POMs
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
! Standard Maven POMs
! Define dependencies that we recommend
! Parent optional
! Available for web, batch, integration, data, amqp, aop, jdbc, ...
! e.g. data-jpa = hibernate + spring-data-jpa + JSR 303
15
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@david_syer | @snicoll
SpringApplication
SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(MyApplication.class);
app.setShowBanner(false);
app.run(args);
! Gets a running Spring ApplicationContext
! Uses EmbeddedWebApplicationContext for web apps
! Can be a single line
SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args)
! Or customized via SpringApplicationBuilder
16
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@david_syer | @snicoll
SpringApplicationBuilder
! Flexible builder style with fluent API for building SpringApplication with
more complex requirements.
new SpringApplicationBuilder(ParentConfiguration.class)
.profiles("adminServer", "single")
.child(AdminServerApplication.class)
.run(args);
17
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@david_syer | @snicoll
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@Configuration
@ComponentScan
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class MyApplication {
}
@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {
}
! Attempts to auto-configure your application
! Backs off as you define your own beans
! Regular @Configuration classes
! Usually with @ConditionalOnClass and @ConditionalOnMissingBean
18
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Testing with Spring Test (and MVC)
! spring-boot-starter-test provides useful test dependencies
spring-test, Mockito, Hamcrest and JUnit
! @SpringApplicationConfiguration
Alternative to the standard spring-test @ContextConfiguration
Does not start the full context by default
! @WebIntegrationTest
Requires a web application context
Can add additional properties to the environment
19
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Packaging For Production
! Maven plugin (using spring-boot-starter-parent):
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
$ mvn package
! Gradle plugin:
apply plugin: 'spring-boot'
$ gradle build
20
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Packaging For Production
$ java -jar yourapp.jar
! Easy to understand structure
! No unpacking or start scripts required
! Typical REST app ~10Mb
! Cloud Foundry friendly (works & fast to upload)
21
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Not a Web Application?
! CommandLineRunner is a hook to run application-specific code after the
context is created
@Component
public class Startup implements CommandLineRunner {
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
}
22
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Environment and Profiles
! Every ApplicationContext has an Environment
! Spring Environment available since 3.1
! Abstraction for key/value pairs from multiple sources
! Used to manage @Profile switching
! Always available: System properties and OS ENV vars
23
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Command Line Arguments
! SpringApplication adds command line arguments to the Spring
Environment so you can inject them into beans:
@Value("${name}")
private String name;
$ java -jar yourapp.jar --name=BootDragon
! You can also configure many aspects of Spring Boot itself:
$ java -jar yourapp.jar --server.port=9000
24
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Externalizing Configuration to Properties
! Just put application.properties in one of the following locations:
A /config sub-directory of the current directory
The current directory
A classpath /config package
The root classpath
! Properties can be overridden
command line arg > file > classpath
locations higher in the list override lower items
server.port=9000
name=BootDragon
25
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Using YAML
! Just include snake-yaml.jar
Already available if youre using the starters
! Write an application.yml file
name: BootDragon
server:
port: 9000
26
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Binding Configuration To Beans
! MyProperties.java
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="mine")
public class MyProperties {
private Resource location;
private boolean skip = true;
// ... getters and setters
}
! application.properties
mine.location=classpath:mine.xml
mine.skip=false
27
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Data Binding to @ConfigurationProperties
! Spring DataBinder does type coercion and conversion where possible
! Custom ConversionService additionally discovered by bean name (same
as ApplicationContext)
! Ditto for validation
configurationPropertiesValidator bean if present
JSR303 if present
ignoreUnkownFields=true (default)
ignoreInvalidFields=false (default)
! Uses a RelaxedDataBinder which accepts common variants of property
names (e.g. CAPITALIZED, camelCased or with_underscores)
28
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Configuration Meta-data
! Annotation processor
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
! Generates a meta-data file while compiling your project
Javadoc on fields are translated to descriptions
Default values are detected (to some extend)
Additional meta-data can be provided for corner cases
META-INF/additional-spring-configuration-metadata.json
29
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Customizing Configuration Location
! Set
spring.config.name - default application, can be comma-separated list
spring.config.location - a Resource path
Ends with / to define a directory
Otherwise overrides name
$ java -jar app.jar --spring.config.name=production
$ java -jar app.jar --spring.config.location=classpath:/cfg/
$ java -jar app.jar --spring.config.location=classpath:/cfg.yml
30
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Spring Profiles
! Activate external configuration with a Spring profile
file name convention e.g. application-development.properties
or nested documents in YAML: server:
address: 192.168.1.100
--spring:
profiles: development
server:
address: 127.0.0.1
--spring:
profiles: production
server:
address: 192.168.1.120
31
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Spring Profiles
! Set the default spring profile(s) in external configuration
spring.profiles.active=default, postgresql
$ java -jar yourapp.jar spring.profiles.active=production
! Add some profile(s) to the active profiles rather than replacing them
spring.profiles.include=another
32
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Adding some Autoconfigured Behavior
! Extend the demo and see what we can get by just modifying the class path
Create a simple domain object
Expose the repository as a REST endpoint
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
</dependency>
33
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Logging
! Spring Boot provides default configuration files for 4 logging frameworks:
Logback, Log4j, Log4j2 and java.util.Logging
! Starters (and Samples) use Logback with colour output
! Default log level set to INFO
Debug output can be easily enabled using the --debug option
! Log to console by default
logging.file and logging.path to enable file logging
! Logging levels can be customised through configuration
logging.level.org.acme=TRACE
34
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Add static resources
! Easiest: use classpath:/static/**
! Many alternatives:
classpath:/public/**
classpath:/resources/**
classpath:/META-INF/resources/**
! Normal servlet context / (root of WAR file, see later)
i.e. src/main/webapp
static/**
public/**
set documentRoot in EmbeddedServletContextFactory
35
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Web template engines
! Spring Boot includes auto-configuration support for Thymeleaf, Groovy,
FreeMarker, Velocity and Mustache
! By default, templates will be picked up automatically from classpath:/
templates
! Common configuration, e.g. for Thymeleaf
spring.thymeleaf.prefix (location of templates)
spring.thymeleaf.cache (set to false to live reload templates)
Extend and override, just add beans:
thymeleafViewResolver
SpringTemplateEngine
36
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Error handling
! /error handles all errors in a sensible way
Registered as global error page in the servlet container
Add a view that resolve to error to customize the representation
! Default representation
Whitelabel error page for browser if none is found
Standardized JSON format for machine clients
! Customize or extend ErrorAttributes
! Create dedicated error pages via EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
37
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Adding some Autoconfigured Behavior
! Secure the web application
Application endpoints secured via security.basic.enabled=true (on by
default)
! See how you can ask Boot to back off
Configure a custom AuthenticationManager
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
38
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Currently Available Autoconfigured Behaviour
! Embedded servlet container (Tomcat, Jetty or Undertow)
! DataSource (Tomcat, Hikari, Commons DBCP)
! SQL and NoSQL stores: Spring Data JPA, MongoDB and Redis
! Messaging: JMS (HornetQ, ActiveMQ), AMQP (Rabbit)
! Thymeleaf, Groovy templates, Freemarker, Mustache and Velocity
! Batch processing - Spring Integration
! Cloud connectors
! Rest repositories
! Spring Security
39
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Currently Available Autoconfigured Behaviour
! Data grid: Spring Data Gemfire, Solr and Elasticsearch
! Websocket
! Web services
! Mobile & Social (Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn)
! Reactor for events and async processing
! Jersey
! JTA
! Email, CRaSH, AOP (AspectJ)
! Actuator features (Security, Audit, Metrics, Trace)
40
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@david_syer | @snicoll
The Actuator
! Adds common non-functional features to your application and exposes
endpoints to interact with them (REST, JMX)
Secure endpoints: /env, /metrics, /trace, /dump, /shutdown, /beans, /
autoconfig, /configprops, /mappings
/info
/health
Audit
If embedded in a web app or web service can use the same port or a different one
(management.port) and/or a different network interface (management.address)
and/or context path (management.context-path).
41
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Add a remote SSH server
! Add spring-boot-starter-remote-shell to class path
! Application exposed to SSH on port 2000 by default
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-remote-shell</artifactId>
</dependency>
42
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Building a WAR
We like launchable JARs, but you can still use WAR format if you prefer. Spring
Boot Tools take care of repackaging a WAR to make it executable. If you want a
WAR to be deployable (in a "normal" container), then you need to use
SpringBootServletInitializer instead of or as well as SpringApplication.
public class ServletInitializer
extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(
SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
return application.sources(MyApplication.class);
}
}
43
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Customizing the Servlet Container
! Some common features exposed with external configuration, e.g.
server.port (see ServerProperties bean)
Also container-specific properties, i.e. server.tomcat.*
! Add bean(s) of type EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
all instances get a callback to the container
! Add bean of type EmbeddedServletContainerFactory (replacing autoconfigured one)
44
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Customizing @EnableAutoConfiguration
! Disable specific feature
@EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude={WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class})
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class})
! Write your own
Create your own @Configuration class
Add the FQN of your configuration class in META-INF/spring.factories
All entries from classpath merged and added to context
45
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Customizing the CLI
! Uses standard Java META-INF/services scanning
! CompilerAutoConfiguration: add dependencies and imports based on
matches in the code
! CommandFactory: add additional commands
! name and description
! usage help
! actual execution based on command line arguments
46
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@david_syer | @snicoll
Links
! Documentation: http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot
! Source: https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot
! Blog: http://spring.io/blog
! Twitter: @SpringBoot, @david_syer, @snicoll
! Email: dsyer@pivotal.io, snicoll@pivotal.io
47
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@david_syer | @snicoll
