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Articles Database Database SQL Server
Sql Server - How To Write a Stored Procedure in SQL Server
Vivek Johari, 12 Nov 2010
CPOL
4.80 (106 votes)
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Stored Procedure in SQL Server can be defined as the set of logically group of SQL statement which are grouped to perform a
specific task. This article will describe the Stored Procedure in SQL Server and their benefits.
Stored Procedure: Stored Procedure in SQL Server can be defined as the set of logical group ofSQL statements which are
grouped to perform a specific task. There are many benefits of using a stored procedure. The main benefit of using a stored
procedure is that it increases the performance of the database.The other benefits of using the Stored Procedureare given below.
Benefits of Using the Stored Procedure
1. One of the main benefits of using the Stored procedure is that it reduces the amount of information sent to the database
server. It can become a more important benefit when the bandwidth of the network is less. Since if we send theSQL
query (statement) which is executing in a loop to the server through network and the network gets disconnected, then
the execution of theSQL statement doesn't return the expected results, if theSQL query is not used between Transaction
statement and rollback statement is not used.
2. Compilation step is required only once when the stored procedure is created. Then after it does not require
recompilation before executing unless it is modified and reutilizes the same execution plan whereas theSQL statements
need to be compiled every time whenever it is sent for execution even if we send the same SQL statement every time.
3. It helps in re usability of theSQL code because it can be used by multiple users and by multiple clients since we need to
just call the stored procedure instead of writing the sameSQL statement every time. It helps in reducing the
development time.
4. Stored procedure is helpful in enhancing the security since we can grant permission to the user for executing the Stored
procedure instead of giving permission on the tables used in the Stored procedure.
5. Sometimes, it is useful to use the database for storing the business logic in the form of stored procedure since it makes
it secure and if any change is needed in the business logic, then we may only need to make changes in the stored
procedure and not in the files contained on the web server.
How to Write a Stored Procedure in SQL Server
Suppose there is a table called tbl_Students whose structure is given below:
CREATE TABLE
tbl_Students
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[Studentid] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[Firstname] [nvarchar](200) NOT NULL,
[Lastname] [nvarchar](200) NULL,
[Email] [nvarchar](100) NULL
Support we insert the following data into the above table:
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Insert into tbl_Students (Firstname, lastname, Email)
Values('Vivek', 'Johari', 'vivek@abc.com')
Insert into tbl_Students (Firstname, lastname, Email)
Values('Pankaj', 'Kumar', 'pankaj@abc.com')
Insert into tbl_Students (Firstname, lastname, Email)
Values('Amit', 'Singh', 'amit@abc.com')
Insert into tbl_Students (Firstname, lastname, Email)
Values('Manish', 'Kumar', 'manish@abc.comm')
Insert into tbl_Students (Firstname, lastname, Email)
Values('Abhishek', 'Singh', 'abhishek@abc.com')
Now, while writing a Stored Procedure, the first step will be to write the Create
statement:
Procedure statement as the first
Create Procedure Procedure-name
(
Input parameters ,
Output Parameters (If required)
)
As
Begin
Sql statement used in the stored procedure
End
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Now, suppose we need to create a Stored Procedure which will return a student name whose studentid is given as the
input parameter to the stored procedure. Then, the Stored Procedure will be:
/*
Getstudentname is the name of the stored procedure*/
Create
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PROCEDURE Getstudentname(
@studentid INT
--Input parameter ,
Studentid of the student
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT Firstname+' '+Lastname FROM tbl_Students WHERE studentid=@studentid
END
We can also collect the student name in the output parameter of the Stored Procedure. For example:
/*
GetstudentnameInOutputVariable is the name of the stored procedure which
uses output variable @Studentname to collect the student name returns by the
stored procedure
*/
Create
(
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PROCEDURE GetstudentnameInOutputVariable
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@studentid INT,
--Input parameter , Studentid of the student
@studentname VARCHAR(200) OUT
-- Out parameter declared with the help of OUT keyword
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @studentname= Firstname+' '+Lastname FROM tbl_Students WHERE studentid=@studentid
END
Note:-/* */ is used to write comments in one or multiple lines
-- is used to write a comment in a single line
How to Alter a Stored Procedure in a SQL Server
In SQL Server, a stored procedure can be modified with the help of the Alter keyword. Now if we want to get student
email address through the same procedure GetstudentnameInOutputVariable. So we need to modify it by adding
one more output parameter "@StudentEmail " which is shown below:
/*
Stored Procedure GetstudentnameInOutputVariable is modified to collect the
email address of the student with the help of the Alert Keyword
*/
Alter
(
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PROCEDURE GetstudentnameInOutputVariable
@studentid INT,
--Input parameter , Studentid of the student
@studentname VARCHAR (200) OUT,
-- Output parameter to collect the student name
@StudentEmail VARCHAR (200)OUT
-- Output Parameter to collect the student email
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @studentname= Firstname+' '+Lastname,
@StudentEmail=email FROM tbl_Students WHERE studentid=@studentid
END
Note: It is not necessary that a stored procedure will have to return. There can be a case when a stored procedure doesn't
returns anything. For example, a stored procedure can be used to Insert, delete or update aSQL statement. For
example, the below stored procedure is usedto insert value into the table tbl_students.
/*
This Stored procedure is used to Insert value into the table tbl_students.
*/
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Create Procedure InsertStudentrecord
(
@StudentFirstName Varchar(200),
@StudentLastName Varchar(200),
@StudentEmail
Varchar(50)
)
As
Begin
Insert into tbl_Students (Firstname, lastname, Email)
Values(@StudentFirstName, @StudentLastName,@StudentEmail)
End
Execution of the Stored Procedure in SQL Server
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Execution of the Stored Procedure which doesn't have an Output Parameter
A stored procedure is used in the SQL Server with the help of the "Execute" or "Exec" Keyword. For example, if we want to
execute the stored procedure "Getstudentname", then we will use the following statement.
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Execute Getstudentname 1
Exec Getstudentname 1
Execution of the Stored Procedure using the Output Parameter
If we want to execute the Stored procedure "GetstudentnameInOutputVariable" , then we first need to declare the
variable to collect the output values. For example:
Hide Copy Code
Declare @Studentname as nvarchar(200)
-- Declaring the variable to collect the Studentname
Declare @Studentemail as nvarchar(50)
-- Declaring the variable to collect the Studentemail
Execute GetstudentnameInOutputVariable 1 , @Studentname output, @Studentemail output
select @Studentname,@Studentemail
-- "Select" Statement is used to show the output from
Procedure
Summary
In the end, we can say that a Stored procedure not only enhances the possibility of reusing the code and execution plan, but it
also increases the performance of the database by reducing the traffic of the network by reducing the amount of information
sent over the network.
License
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
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About the Author
Vivek Johari
Technical Lead
India
I am currently working as a Analyst and have around 7.5 years of experience in database.
Degree:Master Degree in Computer(MCA)
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Work experience:Designing of the database.
Database Optimization.
Writing Complex Stored Procedures,Functions,Triggers etc.
Designing and developing SSIS & DTS packages.
Designing SQL Reports using SSRS.
Database Server Maintenance.
Certification:Microsoft certified Sql DBA in Sql server 2008 (MCTS).
Microsoft certified BI professional in Sql server 2008 (MCTS).
Oracle certified profession DBA in ORACLE 10g (OCP)
certified profession DBA in ORACLE 9i (OCP)
My other publication
Technical Blog:- Technologies with Vivek Johari
Moderator and Blogger at BeyondRelational.com
Guest Author and Blogger at sqlservercentral.com
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Great article but you should use "return" instead of
"written"
Re: Great article but you should use "return" instead of
"written"
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Re: Great article but you should use "return" instead of
"written"
Vivek Johari
Re: This extremely simplistic useless article
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This extremely simplistic useless article
Methods of Writing Appllication
Re: Methods of Writing Appllication
Use of Output parameters
output parameter with WITH
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