Pimsleur Japanese

I, II, III & IV

Audio Dialog Notes
By: Martin E. Psinas
Unit 1 Unit 1.01
1: sumimasen, eigo ga wakarimasu ka?
2: iie, wakarimasen. nihongo ga wakarimasu ka?
1: hai, sukoshi wakarimasu
2: anata wa amerikajin desu ka?
1: hai, watashi wa amerikajin desu
sumimasen = excuse me / i'm sorry
eigo (ga) = Eng!ish !anguage
wakarimasu = understand / know
ka = spoken question mark
iie = no
wakarimasen = don't understand / don't know
nihongo (ga) = Japanese !anguage
sukoshi = a litt!e
amerikajin = American person
anata (wa) = you
desu = am / are / is
watashi (wa) = I / me
hai = yes (polite)
Unit 1.02
1: sumimasen, nihongo ga wakarimasu ka?
2: hai, sukoshi
1: anata wa amerikajin desu ka?

2: hai, watashi wa amerikajin desu. eigo ga wakarimasu ka?

1: iie, wakarimasen
ohayo = good morning
go'aimasu = added for po!iteness
ii = it's good / it's okay
(o) tenki = weather
desu ne = don't you / isn't it / aren't you
ja mata = see you (then, again)
arigato = thank you
(o) jo'u = very good / skilled
ja arimasen = polite negation, making a statement negative
Unit 1.03
1: ohayo go'aimasu!
2: ohayo go'aimasu!
1: ii o tenki desu ne?
2: ah, nihongo ga wakarimasu ne?
1: hai, sukoshi, demo mada jo'u ja arimasen
2: anata wa amerikajin desu ka?
1: hai
2: demo nihongo ga yoku wakarimasu ne?
demo = but
mada = yet
yoku = well
domo = indeed / very much
kon'nichi wa = good afternoon / hello
nihon = Japan
nihonjin = Japanese person

Unit 1.04
1: sumimasen, anata wa nihonjin desu ka?
2: hai, watashi wa nihonjin desu. anata wa?
1: watashi wa amerikajin desu
2: demo nihongo ga yoku wakarimasu ne?
1: ee, sukoshi, demo mada jo'u ja arimasen
2: iie o jo'u desu
1: arigato go'aimasu
ee / e = yes (informal)
hanashimasu = speak
ueno, shinjuku = p!aces in Tokyo
eki = station
doko = where
koko = here
koen = park
(a)soko = over there (can point to)
Unit 1.0
1: sumimasen, sumimasen
2: hai, nanika?
1: ueno koen wa doko desu ka?
2: asoko desu
1: ueno eki wa?
2: koko desu
1: domo arigato go'aimasu
ta*emasu = eat / going to eat
ta*emasen = don't eat / not going to eat
nanika = something / anything

nomimasu = drink / going to drink

nomimasen = don't drink / not going to drink
iie kekko desu = no thank you (kekko desu - (ine)
so desu ne = it's so isn't it / we!!, !et me see
Unit 1.0
1: kon'nichi wa

2: kon'nichi wa, ii o tenki desu ne?

1: so desu ne
2: nanika ta*emasen ka?
1: iie kekko desu, demo nanika nomimasu
2: nani o nomimasu ka?
1: kora o nomimasu
2: watashi mo, watashi mo kora o nomimasu
hanashimasen = don't speak
de = at / in / on / with / *y /
watashi no = my
tokoro = p!ace
anata no = your
watashi mo = & too / me too / & a!so
itsu = when
ima = now
ato de = later
Unit 1.0
1: ima nanika ta*emasu ka?
2: iie, ato de, demo nanika nomimasu
1: doko de? 2 2: wakarimasen

1: watashi no tokoro de?

2: ee, ii desu ne?
resutoran = restaurant
nani (o) = what
(o) sake = rice wine
*iiru = *eer
(ga) hoshii desu = want
hoshiku arimasen = don't want
ku arimasen = negation, making a statement negative

nan*ante = a restaurant in Tokyo

Unit 1.0#
1: tanaka san, ima ta*emasu ka?
2: iie, kekko desu, demo nanika nomimasu
1: nani o nomimasu ka?
2: wakarimasen, o sake, iie, *iiru
1: watashi mo *iiru ga hoshii desu. sumimasen, hai, o sake, iie, *iiru
Tanaka, sato, su'uki, ito = Japanese names
san = added for po!iteness
hiru gohan = !unch
ni = two / at / (or / in / on / to
hon = counter for !ong objects, like bott!es / a book
onegai shimasu = cou!d you p!ease / do me a favor
shimasu = to do
hoteru = hote!
kaimasu = going to buy
dare = who

to = with / and
Unit 1.0$
1: sato san, kon'nichi wa
2: ah, su'uki san, kon'ichi wa
1: sato san, ima nani o shimasu ka?
2: hiru gohan o tabemasu. su'uki san mo tabemasen ka?
1: ee, doko de tabemasu ka?
2: so desu ne, nan*ante wa?
1: ee, ii desu ne?
wa = as (or / how about
nanji = what time
ichi = one
ji = o'clock / time )
ku / kyu = nine
hachi = eight
sore to mo = or (when connecting sentences)
wakarimashita = understood
Unit 1.10 Tsugi no kaiwa o kiite kudasai / mo ichi do kiite kudasai
1: sato san, watashi to hiru gohan o tabemasen ka?
2: ee, demo nanji ni, ichi ji
1: iie, ato de
2: ah, wakarimashita. ni ji?
1: ee, ni ji ni
2: hai, wakarimashita
chotto = a little
tabetai desu = I want to eat
tabetaku arimasen = I don't want to eat

nomitai desu = I want to drink

nomitaku arimasen = I don't want to drink
go = 5
san = three
yo = four
Unit 1.11 1: tanaka san, watashi to hiru gohan o ta*emasen ka? GH B + MN !
8 2: ee, nanji ni? ) 1: ichi ji wa? 3 ) 2: sumimasen, ichi ji wa chotto
3 ) 3,:+ 1: ja, ni ji wa? )* ) 2: ee, ii desu ne. doko de ta*emasu ka?
'2 8 1: hoteru no resutoran wa? OPE 6 ?@A< 2: ee, ii desu. ja, ni ji ni
)* ) ja = in that case / then )* roku = six =0 shichi = se)en 3 kon *an =
this e)ening / tonight F *an gohan = dinner F ju = ten )7 ashita = tomorrow
ashita no *an = tomorrow e)ening 6 F kyo = today &, kite = !isten &% kudasai = "!ease /
gi)e me 0/B kurikaeshite = re"eat 0 Unit 1.12 1: moshi moshi, ito san desu ka? . .
LA B 2: hai, ito desu LA 1: su'uki desu, kon'nichi wa @JK 3
2: ah, su'iki san, kon'nichi wa @JK B 3 1: ito san, kon *an, watashi to *an
gohan o ta*emasen ka? LA B F + F ! 8 2: sumimasen,
kon *an wa chotto F 3,:+ 1: ja, ashita no *an wa? )* 6 F 2:
ashita no *an, nanji, shichi ji? 6 F ) 3 ) 1: hachi ji wa? 3 ) 2: ee, ii desu
1: ja, ashita no *an, hachi ji ni, watashi no tokoro de )* 6 F 3 )
6 += 2: hai, wakarimashita moshi moshi = he!!o when answering the
"hone (& s"eak, & s"eak) . . ikura = how much 0S sen = one thousand en = yen san
'en = three thousand B T nana sen = se)en thousand yon sen = (our thousand "
soshite = and (% Unit 1.13 1: moshi moshi, ito san onegai shimasu. ah, ito san desu ka,
kon'nichi wa. tanaka desu . .LA B !' LA B 3 GH
2: tanaka san, kon'nichi wa GH B 3 1: ito san, kon *an, watashi to *an gohan o
ta*emasen ka? LA B F + F ! 8 2: sumimasen, kon *an wa
chotto F 3,:+ 1: ja, ashita no *an wa? )* 6 F 2: ee, doko de,
nanji ni? 2 ) 1: watashi no tokoro de. shichi ji wa? 6 += 3 )
2: ee, ii desu ne. ja, ashita no *an, shichi ji ni. domo arigato go'aimasu ')*
6 F 3 ) 2#. +# $ 1: ja mata ashita )* kon *an wa = good
e)ening F okane (o) = money !'! motte imasu = ha)e .:% i""on = one *ott!e :U
hai, do'o = here you are (yes / here, "!ease) 2#V doru (o) = do!!ars WE! motte imasen =
don't ha)e .:% Unit 1.14 1: sumimasen, *iiru wa arimasu ka? CDE
2: ee, arimasu. hai, do'o 2#V 1: arigato, ikura desu ka? +#
0S 2: san doru desu B WE 1: *iiru i""on, ju san doru desu ka? CDE :U )7 B
WE 2: iie, ju san doru ja arimasen, san doru desu )7 B WE )* B
WE 1: ah, wakarimashita. ja, san doru. arigato go'aimasu )*B WE

+# $ ju kyu = nineteen )7 &7 takusan = many / a !ot 0B arimasu = exists (non-!

i)ing o*jects) arimasen = does not exist (non-!i)ing o*jects) agemasu = &'!! gi)e
you X Unit 1.1 1: itte kimasu :% & 2: doko e? 2 5 1: nanika kaimasu
2: demo, en o motte imasen ne? . ! .:% ' 1: demo doru o motte imasu .
WE ! .:% 2: ikura motte imasu ka? 0S .:% 1: hachi doru ka kyu doru 3 WE
&7 WE 2: ja, ju doru agemasu. hai, do'o. ima, ju kyu doru motte imasu ne. en mo agemasu. hai, san
'en en )*)7 WE X 2#V)7 &7 WE .:% ' . X B
T 1: domo arigato go'aimasu 2#. +# $ itte kimasu = &'m !ea)ing (*ut wi!!
return) :% & doko e = where to 2 5 watashi ni = (or me anata ni = (or you
ta*eraremasu = can eat 8SQ ta*eraremasen = can't eat 8SQ kaemasu = can *uy
kaemasen = can't *uy 'en 'en = not at a!! T T Unit 1.1! !isten to the (o!!
owing te!e"hone con)ersation "!ease tsugi no denwa de no kaiwa o kiite kudasai >R 6 6
! &% 0/B 1: moshi moshi, su'uki san, jonson desu. kon *an wa . .@JK B Y
Z F 2: jonson san, kon *an wa Y Z B F 1: su'uki san,
watashi to *an gohan o ta*emasen ka? @JK B + F ! 8 2: kon *an,
kon *an wa chotto F F 3,:+ 1: ja, ashita no *an wa? )* 6 F 2: ashita
no *an, ee, ii desu. nanji ni? 6 F ) 1: shichi ji wa? 3 ) 2:
ee, ii desu ne? ' nan desu ka = what is it osugimasu = too much /
too /something/ ! R ju*un = enough )7[ hoshii n desu ga = & wou!d !ike to ha)e, *ut...
-n desu ga = "o!ite, wou!d !ike, *ut... i( not it is okay do itashimashite = you're
we!come 2 % Unit 1.1" 1: ja, kyo wa nani o shimasu ka? )*&, ! 2: kyo
wa kaimono ga shitai n desu ga &, .6 1: demo, okane o motte imasu ka?
.!' ! .:% 2: ee, sukoshi motte imasu .:% 1: en o ikura motte
imasu ka? ! 0S .:% 2: sen en ka ni sen en 1: doru wa,
ikura motte imasu ka? WE 0S .:% 2: san ju doru ka yon ju doru motte imasu, demo
ju*un ja arimasen. sukoshi okane o kudasai B )7 WE " )7 WE .:% . )7[ )*
!' ! 0/B 1: hai, ni ju doru desu )7 WE 2: domo arigato 2#. +#
kaimono = sho""ing .6 shitai = want to do takasugimasu = too ex"ensi)e R
hayasugimasu = too (ast 1 R yukkuri = s!ow!y \:0 Unit 1.1# 1: jones, Y @ 2: nan
desu ka? 1: kaimono ga shitai n desu ga .6 2: nani o kaimasu
ka? ! 1: hon, nihon no hon 6 2: nihon no hon, ikura? 6
0S 1: sen en desu 2: sen en. ju doru desu ne, takaku arimasen ne?
)7 WE ' 0 ' 1: ja, okane o kudasai )*!' ! 0/B 2: hai, sen en desu.
ju*un desu ka? )7[ 1: hai, ju*un desu. watashi mo okane o motte
imasu. arigato. ja, itte kimasu )7[ . !' ! .:% +#)*:% &
nihon no hon = $a"anese *ook 6 takai = ex"ensi)e takaku arimasen = not
ex"ensi)e 0 motto = more .:+ shujin = my hus*and (otto) 7) go shujin = your
hus*and 7) mi'u = water - nomitagatte iru = he/she wants to drink 6 :% N kohi =
co((ee ;] kanai = ones own wi(e (tsuma) okusan = another "ersons wi(e !0B Unit 1.1$ 1:

irasshaimase. nanika nomimasu ka? S:* 6 2: so desu ne, nani ga

arimasu ka? (# ' 1: takusan arimasu, wain, *iiru, o sake 0B
^L CDE! B9 2: jack, anata wa wain o nomimasu ka? _` ^L ! 6
0: iie, *iiru. *iiru o nomimasu CDECDE ! 6 2: ja, *iiru i""on onegai shimasu )
*CDE :U !' 1: wakarimashita 2: watashi wa o sake ga nomitai n
desu ga ! B9 6 1: hai, *irru to o sake desu ne? CDE + ! B9
' 2: ee, soshite mi'u mo onegai shimasu (% - . !' irasshaimase = we!come
S:* nani ga arimasu ka = what do you ha)e / what exists do'o o hairi
kudasai = come in 2#V ! 0/B hajimemashite = how do you do (& am meeting you, (or the
(irst time) )a % do'o yoroshiku = "!eased to meet you ("!ease *e good to me) 2#V "= 0 sunde
imasu = !i)e / !i)es / is !i)ing watashitachi (wa) = we 3 Unit 1.20 1:
kon'nichi wa 3 2: kon'nichi wa 3 1: su'uki san, ito san desu @JK B LA B
0: hajimemashite, ito desu, do'o yoroshiku )a %LA 2#V "= 0 2: hajimemashite,
do'o yoroshiku, do'o o hairi kudasai )a %2#V "= 02#V ! 0/B 1: arigato
go'aimasu +# $ 2: jones san, nanika nomimasen ka, *iiru, wain Y @ B
6 CDE^L 1: iie, kekko desu, demo sumimasen, mi'u o kudasai 9:
. - ! 0/B 2: ito san wa? LA B 0: watashi mo mi'u o onegai shimasu
. - ! !' 2: jones san, okusan wa ima amerika desu ka? Y @ B !0B
1: iie, ima tokyo desu +&, 2: ah, so desu ka? (#
to issho = together with + :, kodomo (san) = chi!d / chi!dren 2.B imasu = exist (!i)ing
things) / stay imasen = does not exist (!i)ing things) nan = how many / what
-nin = counter (or "eo"!e otoko no ko = *oy / *oys !+ 6 onna no ko = gir! / gir!s ! 6
okii = *ig, grown u", !oud, etc !& Unit 1.21 .r $ones and .rs 1u'uki are ta!king jones san to su'uki san
ga hanashite imasu Y @ B + @JK B % 1: jones san, kodomo san ga
imasu ka? Y @ B 2. B 2: ee, san nin imasu. su'uki san wa? B
@JK B 1: otoko no ko to onna no ko ga imasu !+ 6 + ! 6 2:
kodomo san wa okii desu ka? 2. B !& 1: onna no ko wa okii desu, demo otoko no
ko wa chiisai desu ! 6 !& . !+ 6 3 B 2: jones san, kodomo san
wa nihon ni sunde imasu ka? Y @ B 2. B 1: iie, amerika
ni sunde imasu watashitachi no = our 3 6 hitori = one
"erson M+ (utari = two "ersons b chiisai = !itt!e, sma!!, etc 3 B honto ni = rea!!y / tru!y
+ honto = it's true + otearai = *athroom !% S toire = toi!et AL? ka'oku (wa) = (ami!y
V0 Unit 1.22 1: nan nin kodomo san ga imasu ka? 2. B 2: (utari,
(utari kodomo ga imasu. otoko no ko to onna no ko ga imasu b b 2. !+ 6
+ ! 6 1: kodomo san ga okii desu ka? 2. B !& 2: otoko no ko
wa okii desu, demo onna no ko wa mada chiisai desu !+ 6 !& . ! 6 / 3
B 1: koko ni sunde imasu ka? 2: okii otoko no ko wa washington
ni sunde imasu !& !+ 6 ^c A 1: ah, so desu ka, watashi no kodomo
mo washington ni sunde imasu (# 6 2. . ^c A 2: honto

desu ka? + to iute kudasai = "!ease say / say "!ease + #% 0/B go ka'oku = your
(ami!y V0 kuruma = car / whee! 0N nihon no kuruma = $a"anese car 6 0N amerika
no kuruma = %merican car 6 0N to kotaete kudasai = answer "!ease + % 0/B
gasorin = gaso!ine dZ rita = !iter/s G kiro = ki!ometer/s Ke Unit 1.23 1: doko ni sunde imasu
ka? 2 2: shinjuku ni sunde imasu )70 1: kodomo san ga
imasu ka? 2. B 2: (utari imasu, otoko no ko to onna no ko b !+ 6
+ ! 6 1: kodomo san wa anata to issho desu ka? 2. B + :, 2:
chiisai kodomo wa watashi to issho desu, demo okii kodomo wa washington ni sunde imasu 3 B
2. + :, . !& 2. ^c A 1: washington, watashi no
kodomo mo washington ni sunde imasu ^c A 6 2. . ^c A 2:
honto desu ka? + to ta'unete kudasai = ask "!ease + -'% 0/B mantan = (i!!
mantan ni shite = (i!! it u" % matte = wait :% chotto matte = wait a minute 3,:+ :%
ikimasu = &'m going (without im"!ying you'!! return) & toi = (ar + toku arimasen = not (ar +0
massugu = straight ahead : f itte kudasai = go "!ease ("o!ite way o( gi)ing directions)
:% 0/B Unit 1.24 1: nihon de wa, gasorin wa takai desu ka? dZ
2: hai, takai desu 1: ichi rita ikura desu ka? 3 G 0S 2:
wakarimasen, demo, takai desu . 1: kuruma o motte imasu ka? 0N
! .:% 2: iie, motte imasen .:% michi = road / route / street 3 dore =
which 2Q iku = go 0 kore = this Q achira = that direction / o)er there (can't "oint to) 3S migi =
right R hidari = !e(t M/ sore kara = and then (when gi)ing directions) (Q S Unit 1.2 1: tokyo e
iku michi wa dore desu ka? +&, 5 0 3 2Q 2: achira desu 3S 1: yokohama e
iku michi wa? " 5 0 3 2: yokohama? " 1: migi desu ka? R 2: iie, hidari
desu M/ 1: domo arigato go'aimasu 2#. +# $ 2: do itashimashite 2
% doshite = why 2 % omise = stores / sho"s ! shimatte imasu = is c!osed / are c!osed
:% de"ato = de"artment stores ghDA kara = *ecause / since S osoi = !ate !( to iute
mite kudasai = try to say "!ease + #% % 0/B osoku arimasen = not !ate !(0 mo =
a!ready (a!ternate) .# aite imasu = they're o"en % yo = &'m sure / (or sure " Unit 1.2! 1:
kon *an, tokyo de nanika kaemasu ka? F +&, 2: kon *an, kon *an wa
kaemasen yo F F " 1: doshite desu ka? 2 % 2: mo osoi
desu. omise wa shimatte imasu .# !( ! :% 1: de"ato wa aite imasu ka?
ghDA % 2: iie, de"ato mo shimatte imasu ghDA . :% 1:
kodomo ni nanika kaitai n desu ga 2. 2: ashita kaemasu yo
" takushii = taxi G`cD tomodachi = (riend/s +./3 aimasu = see ni san = a (ew (two,
three) B shigoto (o) = work +! hutsuka = two days b> -nichi = day/s 3 ta*un = may*e
/ "erha"s / "ro*a*!y [ mikka = three days : Unit 1.2" 1: ashita tokyo e ikimasu +&, 5
& 2: tokyo, takushii de ikimasu ka? +&,G`cD & 1: iie, kuruma de ikimasu
0N & 2: tokyo de shigoto o shimasu ka? +&, + ! 1: hai, sore kara
tomodachi ni aimasu (Q S +./3 2: nan nichi tokyo ni imasu ka? 3 +&,
1: ta*un, ni san nichi [ B 3 hyaku = one hundred M*0 kaeritai desu = want to

return kaeritaku arimasen = don't want to return 0 kaerimasu =

return / going *ack kaerimasen = not return / not going *ack to issho ni =
doing something together with some*ody + :, itai desu = want to stay Unit 1.2# 1:
jones san, mo osoi desu ne, mada kaerimasen ka? Y @.# !( '/ 2:
kaeritai desu, demo takusan shigoto ga arimasu. watashi wa amerika e kaerimasu
. 0B + 5 1: amerika e? 5 2:
ee, demo honto ni kaeritaku arimasen. nihon ni itai desu . + 0
sugoshitai desu = want to s"end / "ass time hitori de = a!
one M+ hitori desu = &'m a!one M+ mae = ago / *e(ore jikan = hour / time ) imi
= meaning sore (wa) = that / it (Q do iu = what sort o( 2 # to iu imi masu = is what it
means + # yokka = (our days ": jikan ga arimasen = don't ha)e time )
Unit 1.2$ 1: itsu tokyo e ikimasu ka? > +&, 5 & 2: ashita ikimasu & 1:
hitori de ikimasu ka? M+ & 2: iie, ka'oku to issho ni ikimasu V0 + :,
& 1: nan nichi tokyo ni imasu ka? 3 +&, 2: i shukan imasu 7
i shukan = one week 7 -shukan = counter (or weeks 7 kinou = yesterday &6#
kaimashita = *ought ta*emashita = ate 8 nomumono (o) = something to drink
6i.6! suki = !ike & ta*emasen deshita = didn't eat 8 kaimasen deshita = didn't
*uy Unit 1.30 1: itsu osaka e ikimasu ka? > !B 5 & 2: ashita ikimasu
& 1: nanji ni? ) 2: ju ji ni )7 ) 1: soshite, itsu kaerimasu ka? (%>
2: ashita no *an kaerimasu 6 F koto*a = word +F kono = this (a!
ternate) 6 iu masu = say # nanto = how + to iu masu = it is said + # ikimashita
= went & nanimo = nothing . hanashimashita = s"oke kesa = this morning
9B tsukimashita = arri)ed >& Unit 2 Unit 2.01 1: ito san, kon'nichi wa LA B 3 2:
ah, jameson san, kon'nicha wa. ii o tenki desu ne? _jZ B 3 ! %&
' 1: ee, so desu ne (# ' 2: jameson san, mo osaka e ikimashita ka? _jZ B .# !
B 5 & 1: iie, mada desu / 2: itsu ikimasu ka? > & 1: ashita
ikimasu & 2: nan nichi osaka ni imasu ka? 3 !B 1: ta*un, i
shukan imasu [ 7 mada desu = not yet / asa = morning (a!ternate,
any morning other than this one) B gongo / gogo = a(ternoon 4 shimashita = did / "ast
tense to kotaete mite kudasai = try to answer "!ease + % % 0/B kamakura =
ancient city in $a"an 0S shitte imasu = know / are (ami!iar with :% shirimasen = don't
know / are not (ami!iar with totemo = )ery / )ery much +%. tem"ura = dee" (ried )egeta*!e
or sea(ood % kS amari = not )ery / not much (when used with a negati)e statement) mo ichi
do iute kudasai = say it again "!ease .# 3 2 #% 0/B Unit 2.02 1: *i!! san, mo kamakura e
ikimashita ka? ClE B .# 0S 5 & 2: kamakura, mada desu. kamakura wa toi desu
ka? 0S/ 0S + 1: iie, amari toku arimasen. totemo ii tokoro desu yo
+0 +%. += " 2: so desu ka, yokohama e wa ikimashita,
demo kamakura wa mada desu (# " 5 &. 0S / 1: ja,
issho ni kamakura e ikimasen ka? )*:, 0S 5 & 2: ii desu ne, itsu ga ii desu

ka? '> 1: ashita wa? 2: ee, kekko desu 9:

issho ni = together :, ikitai desu = & want to go & shimasen deshita = didn't do
'ehi = *y a!! means / with "!easure / de(inite!y / a*so!ute!y TM kara = (rom / *ecause /
since S ano = that / those / can a!so *e used as a /(i!!er/ 6 hito = "erson M+ to mou shimasu =
&'m ca!!ed + .# soro soro = soon (= (= shitsurei shimasu = &'!! excuse myse!( / &'!! *e rude
>Q soro soro shitsurei shimasu = & must !ea)e (= (= >Q Unit 2.03 1: james
san, soro soro shitsurei shimasu _j@ B (= (= >Q 2: so desu ka, mada hachi ji
desu yo (# / 3 ) " 1: ee, demo kon *an tomodachi ga watashi no tokoro e kimasu
. F +./3 6 += 5 & 2: tomodachi? +./3 1: ee, *i!! james san desu. *i!!
san wa shitte imasu ka? ClE _j@ B ClE B :% 2: *i!! james san,
iie, shirimasen ClE _j@ B ainiku = un(ortunate!y 0 aimashita =
saw / met sa = we!!... B chugokujin = 2hinese "erson 37# 0) chugoku = 2hina 37#
0 (o) cha = im"!ies tea, *ut cou!d mean any )ariety o( drinks !3* kimasu = come / is coming &
i""ai = one cu", g!ass :m menyu = menu no akai = red shiroi = white = itsumo = a!
ways >. kan"ai = cheers / dry u" the cu" m Unit 2.04 1: haya san, o cha o nomimasen ka?
pq B ! 3* ! 6 2: ima nanji desu ka? ) 1: go ji desu ) 2:
sumimasen, ainiku amari jikan ga arimasen. kon *an, amerika kara tomodachi ga kimasu
0 ) F S +./3 & 1: amerika kara?
S 2: ee, johnson san desu Y Z B 1: *i!! johnson san desu ka? ClE
Y Z B 2: ee, johnson san wa, nihon ni i shukan imasu Y Z B
7 tokidoki = sometimes +&2& kaisha no hito = co!!eague / com"anies
"erson (kaisha - com"any) * 6 M+ nen = counter (or years ' dono gurai / kurai = how !ong 26
fS 40S (o) namae = name ! mijikai = short ) nagai = !ong aoyama =
co((ee sho" in $a"an !1 x wa dou desu ka = how a*out x / how is x / how was x r 2#
Unit 2.0 1: jane san, o cha wa dou desu ka? _s B ! 3* 2# 2: so desu ne, ima nanji
desu ka? (# ' ) 1: san ji desu B ) 2: ja, chotto jikan ga arimasu ne,
doko e ikimasu ka? )*3,:+ ) '2 5 & 1: aoyama wa dou desu ka? !1
2# 2: aoyama? !1 1: ee, koko kara amari toku arimasen. aruite ikemasu yo
S +0 N % 9 " mo hitori = one more "erson .# M+ (utari to
mo = *oth / *oth o( them b + .# ikemasu = can go 9 ikimashou = !et's go &,# aruite
= on (oot N % *asu = *us t@ icho do = one time (with mo - again, one time / one more time)
3, 2 uchi = home / house / community, grou" or "!ace o( *usiness #3 Unit 2.0! 1: michae! san, kyo
shinjuku e ikimasu ka? uLKE B &, )70 5 & 2: ee, ichi ji ni ikimasu 3 )
& 1: kuruma de ikimasu ka? 0N & 2: iie, *asu de ikimasu. issho ni ikimasen ka?
t@ &:, & 1: ee, ii desu ne, amerika no tomodachi ni nanika
kaimasu ' 6 +./3 2: ja, sono ato shinjuku de o cha o
nomimasen ka? )*(6 + )70 ! 3* ! 6 1: ee, ii desu ne? '
kanada = 2anada Hv mochiron = o( course .3= toronto = +oronto Ae A aida = duration (nagai
aida - a !ong time) / *asu tei = *us sto" t@ % ti-shatsu = t-shirt/s wLDc_x made = unti!

sono ato = a(ter that (6 + sono mae = *e(ore that (6 sono = that / those (a!ternate) (6 Unit 2.0"
1: *i!! san, tegami desu yo ClE B % " 2: tegami, dare kara? %/Q S 1: sa,
wakarimasen. hai, do'o B2#V 2: hmm.. snider san kara desu bi@HLv B
S 1: snider san, ah, shitte imasu. *i!! san no kaisha no hito desu ne? @HLv B :
% ClE B 6 * 6 M+ ' 2: ee, snider san wa nihon e kimasu @HLv B
5 & 1: honto desu ka, itsu? + > 2: getsuyo*i X>"y tegami = !etter %
getsuyo*i = .onday X>"y nan de = *y what / *y what means / how -(un = counter (or minutes b
kayo*i = +uesday "y shokuji o shimasu = ha)e a mea! ,0) ! Unit 2.0# 1: jane san, jane
san no kaisha no hito wa itsu tsukimasu ka? _s B _s B 6 * 6 M+ > >&
2: snider san desu ka, kayo*i no *an tsukimasu @HLv B "y 6 F >& 1: nanji ni?
) 2: ju ji ju""un mae ni )7 ) )7:k 1: snider san wa kanadajin desu ka? @HLv B
Hv 2: iie, amerikajin desu. *oston kara kimasu z@A
S & 1: dono gurai nihon ni imasu ka? 26 fS 2: san shukan imasu B
7 ikitaku arimasen = & don't want to go & 0 nomi ni = (or a drink 6
ta*emashou = !et's eat 8 ,# moshi yokere*a = i( you want / i( it's a!right with you . "9QF
goro = a""roximate!y / a*out / around (used on!y (or time) = kinyo*i = 3riday &,y ryoko = tra)e!
ing / tri" , eiga = mo)ie shokuji o shimashou = !et's ha)e a mea! ,0) ! ,# Unit 2.0$
1: kon'nichi wa 3 2: kon'nichi wa 3 1: kinyo*i ni, eiga ni ikimasen ka? &,y
& 2: kinyo*i desu ka, kinyo*i wa ainiku. demo doyo*i wa? &,y &,y
0. 2"y 1: doyo*i wa kyoto e ikimasu 2"y &,+ 5 & 2: so desu ka, dono gurai
kyoto ni imasu ka? (# 26 fS &,+ 1: getsuyo*i made imasu X>"y
2: ryoko ga suki desu ne? , & ' 1: ee, suki desu & doyo*i = 1aturday 2"y
hajimarimasu = *egin ) eiga no mae = *e(ore the mo)ie 6 eiga no ato = a(ter
the mo)ie 6 + konsato = concert ; IA yoku ryoko o shimasu = & tra)e! o(ten (yoku - o(ten,
a!ternate) "0 , ! gogo = 4. (a!ternate) shuchcho o shimasu = to make a *usiness tri"
73, ! Unit 2.10 1: kon'nichi wa, jameson to mou shimasu, hajimemashite, do'o yoroshiku
3 _jZ + .# )a %2#V "= 0 2: hajimemashite, su'uki to mou shimasu,
do'o yoroshiku. jameson san, itsu nihon e? )a %@JK + .# 2#V "= 0_jZ B
> 5 1: kinou tsukimashita &6# >& 2: so desu ka, dono gurai tokyo ni imasu ka?
(# 26 fS +&, 1: doyo*i made, sono ato, osaka e ikimasu 2"y (6 +!
B 5 & 2: watashi mo yoku osaka e shuchcho o shimasu. jameson san, nanika nomimasen
ka, kohi wa do desu ka? . "0 !B 5 73, ! _jZ B 6 ;]
2 1: arigato go'aimasu, onegai shimasu +# $!' irasshaimasu
= a!ternate, "o!ite /imasu/ (ne)er when re(erring to your own actions) S:* kono ato = a(ter
this 6 + miruku = mi!k {E` (o) sato = sugar !B+ irimasen = & don't need / & don't take
*urraku de = with *!ack / in *!ack |}<` hataraite imasu = has *een working / is working S
% Unit 2.11 1: jameson san, kohi wa dou desu ka? _jZ B ;] 2# 2: ee, ii
desu ne, onegai shimasu '!' 1: miruku wa? {E` 2: miruku wa
irimasen {E` 1: o sato wa? ! B+ 2: o sato mo irimasen. itsumo *urraku de nomimasu

! B+ . >. |}<` 6 1: jameson san, itsu made nihon ni irasshaimasu ka? _jZ
B > S:* 2: kinyo*i made imasu &,y 1: sono ato
wa? (6 + 2: amerika e kaerimasu 5 1: so desu ka? (# (o) hima =
(ree / (ree time !M demasu = !ea)e / de"art hayaku = ear!y 10 mokuyo*i = +hursday .
0"y irimasu = need / want (o) sen*ei = rice cracker ! 8 yasumi = )acation / *reak /
ho!iday 1 torimasu = take + shichi gatsu = $u!y 3 > hachi gatsu = %ugust 3 >
-gatsu = counter (or months > Unit 2.12 1: ohayo go'aimasu !"# $ 2: ohayo go'aimasu !
"# $ 1: su'uki san, itsu yasumi o torimasu ka? @JK B > 1 ! + 2: rai
shu torimasu S 7 + 1: doko e irasshaimasu ka? 2 5 S:* 2: kyoto e
ikimasu &,+ 5 & 1: kyoto e, ii desu ne, hitori de? &,+ 5 'M+ 2: iie, tomodachi
to +./3 + 1: so desu ka? (# 2: sono ato, nada e ikimasu. nada ni, ni san nichi imasu
(6 +/ 5 &/ B 3 1: ii desu ne? ' rai shu = next week S
7 kon shu = this week 7 orimasu = hum*!e /imasu/ (used (or ones se!( or mem*er
o( your grou") ! kochira = this side / this "erson / this "!ace / this way 3S atsui = hot >
tsumetai = co!d o*ject (drink, "erson, etc) >a samui = co!d weather Bi mada = sti!! (a!ternate)
/ Unit 2.13 1: kyo wa atsui desu ne? &, > ' 2: honto ni, tsumetai o cha o nomimasen
ka? + >a ! 3* ! 6 1: ee, ii desu ne, onegai shimasu '!'
2: jameson san, itsu yasumi o torimasu ka? _jZ B > 1 ! + 1: rai
shu torimasu. ka'oku to, nada e ikimasu S 7 + V0 +/ 5 & 2: nada e, nada
wa ii tokoro desu yo? / 5/ += " 1: kanai to kodomo wa kon shu ikimasu, demo
watashi wa rai shu ikimasu + 2. 7 &. S 7 &
kirei (na) = *eauti(u! &Q yoku arimasen = not good (not we!!) "0 'an'nen desu ne =
that's too *ad isn't it ('an'nen - "ity) $' ' ryoko o shitai desu = & want to tra)e! , !
omoshiroi = interesting !.= suru koto = things to do N + Unit 2.14 1: sumimasen, eiji
shin*un wa arimasu ka? ) [ 2: eiji shin*un, hai, arimasu yo.
hai do'o ) [ " 2#V 1: ikura desu ka? 0S 2: hyaku go ju
en desu M*0 )7 1: hai, hyaku go ju en M*0 )7 eiji shin*un = ng!ish
news"a"er ) [ itadakemasen ka = wou!dn't you "!ease / wou!d you "!ease /9
watashite = hand in / gi)e % oko san = some*ody e!se's chi!d / chi!dren (a!ternate) ! B
musume = daughter i a musuko = son i san (uranshisuko = 1an 3rancisco I ~< c@;
kakari = costs / took / takes Unit 2.1 1: jameson to mou shimasu. su'uki san wa irasshaimasu
ka? _jZ + .# @JK S:* 2: sumimasen, kyo wa ainiku chotto
&, 0 3,:+ 1: so desu ka, ja, sumimasen, su'uki san ni kore o watashite itadakemasen
ka? (# )*@JK B Q ! % /9 2: hai,
wakarimashita oishii = de!icious ! mai nichi = e)ery day 3 gochiso
= a (east 3( gochiso sama deshita = thank you (or the mea! / it was a (east 3( B (o)
keki = cake !K (o) ikuchu = how o!d ! 037 -sai = years o!d B Unit 2.1! 1: tanaka san wa,
osaka ni sunde irasshaimasu ne? GH B !B S:* ' 2: ee, kaisha mo
osaka ni arimasu * . !B 1: dono gurai osaka ni sunde irasshaimasu ka?

26 fS !B S:* 2: ni nen sunde imasu, sono mae wa, tokyo ni sunde

imashita ' (6 +&, 1: tokyo, watashi mo o mae
tokyo no kaisha de hataraite imashita +&, . ! +&, 6 * S % 2:
dono gurai tokyo de hataraite irasshaimashita ka? 26 fS +&, S % S:* 1:
san nen hataraite imashita B ' S % ginko = *ank R denwa = te!e"hone
o kaketai n desu ga = wou!d !ike to make ! 9 denwa cho = te!e"hone *ook /
directory 3, denwa *ango = te!e"hone num*er F arimashita = here it is / it existed
Unit 2.1" 1: sumimasen, denwa wa doko ni arimasu ka? 2
2: denwa desu ka, ginko no tokoro ni arimasu yo R 6 +=
" 1: ginko wa doko desu ka? R 2 2: ginko wa koko kara toku arimasen. go ju
metoru gurai massugu itte kudasai, ginko wa migi ni arimasu R S +0
)7 a+N fS : f :% 0/B R R 1: domo arigato go'aimashita 2#.
+# $ youkan = $a"anese dessert "# daigaku sei = uni)ersity / co!!ege student / 0
koko sei = high schoo! student *enkyou shite imasu = is / has *een studying 8 &,#
% kei'ai (o) = economics 9 $! doko no daigaku = uni)ersity o( where / which
uni)ersity 2 6 / 0 yu*inkyoku = "ost o((ice \y &,0 sagashite iru n desu ga = !ooking (or B
% N gurai = a""roximate!y / a*out fS Unit 2.1# 1: sumimasen, kitte arimasu ka?
&:% 2: kitte desu ka, sumimasen, kitte wa &:% &:%
1: arimasen ka, ja, doko de kaemasu ka? )*2 2: yu*inkyoku
de kaemasu yo \y &,0 " 1: yu*inkyoku wa mada aite imasu ka? \y &,0 / %
2: ee, aite imasu yo % " 1: yu*inkyoku wa doko desu ka? \y &,0 2
2: go ju metoru gurai massugu itte kudasai, yu*inkyoku wa migi ni arimasu )7 a+N fS
: f :% 0/B \y &,0 R 1: so desu ka, domo arigato go'aimashita (#
2#. +# $ kitte = stam"s / "ostage &:% *yoin = hos"ita! y, sousuruto = then /
when you do that (# N+ sono kado = that corner (6 2 magatte = turn :% kakimasu = write /
writes / to write / draw & guai ga warui n desu = condition is *ad / doesn't (ee! good f
N yo*itai n desu ga = wou!d !ike to ca!! "y sho sho omachi kudasai =
wait a minute "!ease (a!ternate) , , ! 3 0/B Unit 2.1$ 1: sumimasen, *yoin wa doko desu ka?
y, 2 2: *yoin? y, 1: ee, shujin no guai ga warui n desu ga
7) 6 f N 2: sore wa ikemasen ne, *yoin wa chotto toi desu yo (Q 9
'y, 3,:+ + " 1: so desu ka, ja, takushii o yo*itai n desu ga (#
)*G`cD ! "y sore wa ikemasen ne = that's not good is it / &'m sorry to hear that
(Q 9 ' denwa o kakemasu = to ta!k on the "hone (make a te!e"hone ca!!) ! 9
chikai = c!ose 3 yakkyoku = "harmacy 1:&,0 kaitai n desu ga = wou!d !ike to *uy
'en*u de = in a!! T [ san*yaku = three hundred B y*0 Unit 2.20 1: ano, chotto
sumimasen 63,:+ 2: hai? 1: shinjuku eki wa doko desu ka? )70 & 2
2: asoko desu ( 1: so desu ka, shinjuku *yoin o sagashite iru n desu ga (#
)70 y, ! B % N 2: *yoin desu ka, *yoin wa chikai desu yo. kono michi o
massugu ju metoru gurai itte kudasai. sousuruto, migi ni ginko ga arimasu. sono kado o migi ni

magatte kudasai. *yoin wa hidari ni arimasu y, y, 3 " 6 3 ! :

f )7 a+N fS :% 0/B (# N+ R R (6 2 ! R :% 0/B
y, M/ 1: domo arigato go'aimashita 2#. +# $ 2: do
itashimashite 2 % ano, chotto sumimasen = uh.. excuse me 63,:+ osaka
made kudasai = to 5saka "!ease !B 0/B -mai = counter (or (!at o*jects, "a"er, stam"s, etc
ro""yaku = six hundred =:*0 (o) tsuri = change !> -yuki (no) = *ound \&6 nan *an sen =
what track num*er F kyuko = ex"ress train &7 tokyu = su"er ex"ress train +&7 yori =
more than " Unit 2.21 1: sumimasen, osaka made ichi mai kudasai !B 3
0/B 2: hai, osaka made ichi mai desu ne? !B 3 ' 1: o ikura desu
ka? ! 0S 2: ro""yaku go ju en desu. sen en desu ne, san*yaku go ju en no o tsuri desu =:
*0 )7 'B y*0 )7 6 ! > 1: osaka yuki wa, nan *an
sen desu ka? !B \& F 2: tokyu wa hachi *an sen, kyuko wa roku *an sen
desu +&7 3 F &7 =0 F 1: osaka made, dono gurai desu ka? !B
26 fS 2: tokyu de ju""un, kyuko de yon ju""un desu +&7 )7:k &7 " )7:k
1: ja, tokyu wa kyuko yori hayai desu ne, domo arigato go'aimashita )*+&7 &7 "
1 '2#. +# $ koko de matte imasu = &'!! *e waiting here :%
ha""yaku = eight hundred :*0 ugokanai n desu = does not mo)e / doesn't work #
mina = e)erything / e)eryone / a!! Unit 2.22 1: james san _j@ B 2: ah, yamada san,
kon6nichi wa quv B 3 1: james san, doko e? _j@ B 2 5 2: shinjuku made
)70 1: watashi mo shinjuku e ikimasu, moshi yokere*a do'o? . )70 5 &.
"9QF 2#V 2: arigato go'aimasu +# $ 1: james san, james san no kuruma wa?
_j@ B _j@ B 6 0N 2: uchi ni arimasu, kuruma ga ugokanai n desu #3
0N # kiosuku = kiosk K@` go (un = (i)e minutes b sugu = right away
/ soon f chikatetsu = su*way 3 %> (o) soi = s!ow (a!ternate) !( tenisu = tennis Pn@
dekimasu = can "!ay / & am a*!e & tsugou ga warui n desu = it's not con)enient ># N
kon"yuta = com"uter ;oG Unit 2.23 1: yamada san, mary johnson san o shitte imasu
ka? quv B Y Z B ! :% 2: sa, shirimasen. doshite? B
2 % 1: mary san wa watashi no tomodachi desu B 6 +./3 2: so desu
ka? (# 1: rai shu, mary san to tenisu o shimasu S 7 B + Pn@ ! 2:
tenisu, ii desu ne? Pn@ ' 1: yamada san mo issho ni shimasen ka? quv B . :,
2: ee, ii desu ne, 'ehi 'TM sugu kimasu = &'m coming *ack (right
away) / &'!! *e *ack f & shiriai = an ac#uaintance tenisu o shimasu = & "!ay tennis
Pn@ ! kanari = (air!y / considera*!y / #uite a (ew suiyo*i = 7ednesday "y daijo*u
desu = is a!! right / it's sa(e /),[ Unit 2.24 1: yamada san, rai shu shuchcho o shimasu ka? quv
B S 7 73, ! 2: iie, rai shu wa kaisha ni imasu. tanaka san wa? S
7 * GH B 1: getsuyo*i to kayo*i wa, kaisha ni imasu, demo suiyo*i kara
shuchcho desu X>"y + "y * . "y S 73, 2: itsu made desu
ka? > 1: kinyo*i made. suiyo*i wa nagoia, mokuyo*i wa osaka, kinyo*i wa kyoto desu
&,y "y .0"y !B &,y &,+ 2: 'ui*un isogashii n desu ne -

[ ( ' kaisha ni imasu = in the o((ice * kissaten = co((ee sho" &:B%

shite imasu = has *een "!aying / has *een doing % mo = as many as (a!ternate) .# kedo =
a!though / though / *ut 92 kamaimasen = that doesn't matter / it doesn't matter / & don't mind
kaigi = meeting R isogashii = *usy ( 'ui*un = aw(u!!y / )ery -[ Unit 2.2 1:
yamada san, o cha o nomi ni ikimasen ka? quv B ! 3* ! 6 & 2: ainiku chotto, san
ji ni kaigi ga arimasu 0 3,:+B ) R 1: kaigi, yamada san wa itsumo
isogashii n desu ne? Rquv B >. ( ' 2: ee, demo sono ato wa chotto o
hima desu kedo . (6 + 3,:+ ! M 92 1: ja, kaigi no ato, kissaten e ikimasen ka? )
* R 6 +&:B% 5 & 2: ee, doko e ikimasu ka? 2 5 & 1:
suta*akusu wa, chotto toi desu kedo @Gt`@ 3,:+ + 92 2: kamaimasen, suta*akusu no
kohi wa oishii desu kara @Gt`@ 6 ;] ! S suta*akusu = 1tar*ucks
@Gt`@ goru(u (o) = go!( E~! hou = more than (when se!ecting a!ternati)es) # x no hou ga suki
desu = & !ike x *etter r 6 # & chokoreto = choco!ate wY;?DA x no hou ga ii desu = x is
*etter / & "re(er x r 6 # kaeraremasu = can change (re(erring to money) SQ
modotte kimasu = &'!! return / coming *ack .2:% & Unit 2.2! 1: irasshaimase S:* 2:
sumimasen, okane wa doko de kaeraremasu ka? !' 2 SQ 1:
achira desu 3S 2: ano, doru o en ni kaetai n desu ga 6WE !
1: o ikura gurai desu ka? ! 0S fS 2: go hyaku doru onegai shimasu M*0 WE !'
1: sho sho omachi kudasai , , ! 3 0/B chi'u keki = cheesecake wJ K heya = room 51 ni
= in order to (a!ternate) okane o kae ni = in order to change money !' ! chikaku ni = c!
ose *y / near *y 3 0 x no hou ga chikai desu = x is c!oser r 6 # 3 ima sugu =
immediate!y f Unit 2.2" 1: yamada san, rai shu shuchcho desu ka? quv B S 7 73,
2: ee, kyoto e ikimasu &,+ 5 & 1: itsu ikimasu ka? > & 2: getsuyo*i
no asa ikimasu X>"y 6 B & 1: kyoto e wa, shinkansen de ikimasu ka? &,+ 5
& 2: iie, kuruma de ikimasu. kuruma no hou ga suki desu kara 0N &
0N 6 # & S ikanakute wa ikemasen = & ha)e to go 0% 9
issho ni itte mo ii desu ka = can & go with you / can we go together :, :% .
shikoku, kyushu = is!ands in $a"an 0&7 7 x e iku n desu ne = you're going to x aren't you /
& understand you're going to x r 5 0 ' hikoki = air"!ane / "!ane M & shinkansen = *u!!et
train -shikaimasen = on!y (a!ways used with a negati)e, in this case /imasen/)
nichiyo*i = 1unday 3"y Unit 2.2# 1: jones san, nichiyo*i ni watashi no uchi de issho ni shokuji
o shimasen ka? Y @ B 3"y 6 #3 :, ,0) ! 2: arigato
go'aimasu, demo nichiyo*i wa ainiku +# $. 3"y 0 1: ja, doyo*i no *an
wa? )*2"y 6 F 2: doyo*i no *an mo tsugou ga warui n desu. sumimasen 2"y 6 F . >#
N 1: so desu ka? (# 2: kon shu, tomodachi ga amerika kara
kimasu 7+./3 S & 1: so desu ka, ja, mata itsuka (# )*
> ja, mata itsuka = in that case some other time )* > donna tokoro = what kind o( "!
ace 2 += ai ni = in order to see ka'oku ni ai ni = in order to see the (ami!y V0
itsuka = someday / sometime > nagano = city in $a"an 6 Unit 2.2$ 1: kon *an wa

F 2: kon *an wa, irasshai F S:* 1: osoku natte sumimasen !(0 :%

2: iie, kamaimasen yo, do'o. james san, *asu de irasshaimashita ka?
"2#V_j@ B t@ S:* 1: iie, takushii de kimashita G`cD &
irasshai = another way o( saying we!come S:* eki no mae ni = in (ront o( the station
(mae - (ront, a!ternate) & 6 chi'u = ma" 3- chi'u o kakimashou ka = sha!! & draw a ma" (or
you 3- ! &,# shumatsu = weekend 7 > jikan ga kakarimasu = it takes time (it costs
time) ) osoku natte sumimasen = &'m sorry & am !ate !(0 :% "ati =
"arty hDPLD Unit 2.30 1: kon'nichi wa, osoku natte sumimasen 3 !(0 :% 2:
iie, kamaimasen yo. sa, do'o o hairi kudasai "B2#V ! 0/B 1:
shitsurei shimasu, kore chokoreto desu kedo okosan ni >Q Q wY;?DA 92 ! B
2: sumimasen, musume wa chokoreto no hou ga suki desu i a wY;?DA 6
# & sumimasen = thank you )ery much (a!ternate, &'m sorry to ha)e trou*!ed you)
x wa ikaga desu ka = how a*out x (more (orma!) r itadakimasu = yes &'!! ha)e
it / &'!! recei)e it with gratitude /& yuki = snow (a!ternate) \& yuki ga (urimasu = it snows
((urimasu - (a!!s) \& b (uyu = winter b\ natsu = summer > ame = rain a Unit 3 Unit 3.01
1: kon *an wa, yamada to mou shimasu F quv + .# 2: hajimemashite, ju!ia
johnson to mou shimasu, do'o yoroshiku )a % o Y Z + .# 2#V "= 0
1: do'o yoroshiku. johnson san wa, amerika kara desu ka? 2#V "= 0 Y Z B
S 2: ee, nu yoku kara kimashita sD` S & 1: nu yoku desu ka, watashi
mo mae nu yoku ni imashita sD` . sD` 2: nu yoku wa dou desu
ka, suki desu ka? sD` 2# & 1: ee, totemo ii tokoro desu ne, demo, (uyu wa
amari suki ja arimasen +%. += '.b\ & )* 2: samui
desu kara ne, soshite natsu wa kanari atsui desu ne? Bi S '(% > >
' 1: ee, demo watashi wa natsu no hou ga suki desu . > 6 # &
samukatta desu = it was co!d Bi : kyo nen = !ast year &, ' atsukatta = was hot >:
go'onji = know / are (ami!iar with (more "o!ite) V ) Unit 3.02 1: kon'nichi wa, ichi *an ginko no
diane jackson to mou shimasu 3 3 F R 6 vLq _`Z + .# 2:
hajimemashite, toyota no yamada to mou shimasu )a %AG 6 quv + .# 1: do'o
yoroshiku 2#V "= 0 2: amerika kara irasshaimashita ka? S S:* 1: ee,
nu yoku kara kimashita, nu yoko o go'onji desu ka? sD` S &sD` ! V )
2: ee, chotto shitte imasu, kyo nen ni gatsu to hachi gatsu ni ikimashita. ni gatsu wa totemo
samukatta desu 3,:+ :% &, ' > + 3 > & > +%. Bi
: 1: nu yoku no (uyu wa itsumo samui desu sD` 6 b\ >. Bi shashin = "icture /
"hotogra"h * (o) shigoto wa = what is your jo* !+ enjinia = engineer n *u =
de"artment [ kokusai = internationa! 0B dochira = where / which ("o!ite) 23S rai nen = next year
S ' Unit 3.03 1: jackson san, nihongo ga jo'u desu ne? _`Z B ),- ' 2:
iie, mada mada desu / / 1: yoku nihon e irasshaimasu ka? "0 5 S:*
2: iie amari kimasen, demo musuko ga nihon ni sunde imasu &. i
1: so desu ka, musuko san wa doko ni sunde irasshaimasu ka? (

 i B 2 S:* 2: kyoto ni sunde imasu &,+

1: kyoto wa ii tokoro desu ne, musuko san no o shigoto wa? &,+ += 'i B 6 !
+ 2: ginko de hataraite imasu, kokusai *u ni imasu R S % 0B [
1: musuko san wa kyoto ga suki desu ka? i B &,+ & 2: ee, totemo
suki desu +%. & mada mada desu = not yet (a!ternate, used when down"!aying or
hum*!ing ones se!() / / iku tsumori desu = &'m "!anning to go 0 >. naraimashita =
did !earn / !earned S gakko = schoo! : mu'ukashii = di((icu!t i- yasashii = easy
1B Unit 3.04 1: tay!or san, o shigoto wa? PDe B ! + 2: enjinia desu, &8. de hataraite
imasu n LCj S % 1: so desu ka, nihon ni nagai aida
irasshaimasu ka? (# / S:* 2: iie, kinou o no *an
tsukimashita &6# ! 6 F >& 1: kinou o no *an desu ka? &6# ! 6 F 2: ee,
amerika kara kimashita S & 1: shuchcho desu ka? 73, 2: iie,
musume ni ai ni kimashita. musume wa hokkaido ni sunde imasu i a &
i a : 2 1: so desu ka, nihongo ga o jo'u desu ne? (#
! ),- ' 2: iie, mada mada desu / / nani o nasatte imasu ka = what do
you do / what does he or she do ! B:% sen shu = !ast week 7 (o)
tomodachi = a!ternate, with "receding o re(ers to someone e!se's (riend !+./3 (o) nomimono =
drinks !6 .6 x ni shimasu = &'!! ha)e x / &'!! decide on x / &'!! take x r x or x, which do
you "re(er? x to x to, dochira no hou ga ii desu ka r + r +23S 6 # Unit 3.0 1:
irasshaimase, menyu o do'o, o nomimono wa? S:* no ! 2#V! 6 .6 2: wain ni
shimasu ^L 1: wain wa, aka wain to shiro wain ga arimasu n ga ^L ^L +
= ^L 2: shiro wain no hou ga ii desu = ^L 6 # 0: watashi
wa *iiru ni shimasu CDE 1: *iiru wa, kirin *iiru to sa""oro *iiru ga arimasu n ga
CDE & CDE + B:U= CDE 0: sa""oro *iiru onegai shimasu B:U= CDE !'
kirin, sa""oro = $a"anese *eers &B:U= aisukurimu = ice cream L@` j dochira no
hou ga yasashii desu ka = which is easier 23S 6 # 1B dono = which (a!ternate,
dono hon - which *ook) 26 dono hon o sagashite iru desu ka = which *ook are you !ooking (or 26
! B % N mimashita = saw / ha)e seen ((or ha)ing seen an o*ject or thing, not
human) te*uru = ta*!e PD|E ue = on / to" / a*o)e (te*uru no ue ni arimasu - it's on the ta*!e)
# ah, sore desu = ah, that's it, (Q noto = note*ook DA kore mo johnson san no desu ka
= is this a!so yours .r $ohnson Q . Y Z B 6 so*a = *eside / *y / near (hon no
so*a ni - *eside the *ook) (F *oru-"en = *a!!"oint "en zDE shita = under (te*uru no shita ni
arimashita - it was under the ta*!e) Unit 3.0! 1: ohayo go'aimasu !"# $ 2: ohayo
go'aimasu, noto o sagashite iru n desu ga !"# $DA ! B % N 1:
johnson san no noto desu ka? Y Z B 6 DA 2: ee, akai noto desu
DA 1: sa, chotto matte kudasai, ano te*uru no ue ni nanika arimasu yo. ah, arimashita. kore
desu ka? B3,:+ :% 0/B 6 PD|E 6 # " Q
2: ah, so desu, arigato go'aimasu (# +# $ 1: noto no so*a ni *oru-"en
mo arimasu yo, kore mo johnson san no desu ka? DA 6 (F zDE . " Q . Y Z

 B 6 2: ee, so desu (# yoyaku = reser)ation / a""ointment "10 rai getsu = next

month S X> mada yoyaku shite imasen = & ha)en't made a reser)ation yet / "10 %
shinakute wa ikemasen = & ha)e to make / & ha)e to do 0% 9 -nakute wa ikemasen
= ha)e to (something) 0% 9 Unit 3.0" 1: jones san, yasumi ga doko e irasshaimasu
ka? Y @ B 1 2 5 S:* 2: ka'oku to kyoto e iku tsumori desu V0 +
&,+ 5 0 >. 1: so desu ka, mo hoteru o yoyaku shimashita ka? (# .# OPDE ! "10
2: iie, mada desu. yamada san wa ichi gatsu ni kyoto e ikimashita ne, ii hoteru o shitte
imasu ka? / quv B 3 > &,+ 5 & ' OPDE ! :%
1: ee, kyoto hoteru ni tomarimashita, ii hoteru deshita yo &,+ OPDE +
OPDE " 2: kyoto hoteru wa doko ni arimasu ka? &,+ OPDE 2 1: kyoto no
eki no mae ni arimasu &,+ 6 & 6 enichi = $a"anese restaurant 3 samuku
arimasen deshita = it was not co!d Bi0 takakatta desu = it was ex"ensi)e :
-katta desu = im"!ies something as "ast tense : takaku arimasen deshita = it was
not ex"ensi)e 0 tomarimasu = stay (as in stay o)ernight, a!ways used with
/ni/) + (ukuoka = city in $a"an b0! yokatta desu = it was good ("ast tense) ": Unit
3.0# 1: johnson san, yasumi wa doko e ryoko o shimasu ka? Y Z B 1 2 5 ,
! 2: mada wakarimasen, ii tokoro o shitte imasu ka? / += ! :%
1: so desu ne, johnson san wa hokaido e ikimashita ne? (# ' Y Z B
2 5 & ' 2: ee, kyo nen ikimashita, totemo yokatta desu yo &, ' &+%.
": " 1: ja, kyushu wa dou desu ka? )*&7 7 2# 2: kyushu desu ka, sukoshi
toku arimasen ka? &7 7 +0 1: ee chotto toi desu, demo totemo ii
tokoro desu, onsen ga takusan arimasu yo 3,:+ + . +%. += !
0B " 2: onsen, onsen wa eigo de nanto iu masu ka? !!
+ # 1: hot s"rings to iu masu px @ @ + # mou sugu = "retty soon .#
f tenichi = a $a"anese restaurant % 3 onsen = hot s"ring ! de go'aimasu = )ery "o!ite (orm
(or /desu/ $ kurejitto kado = credit card `?}A W Unit 3.0$ 1: hoteru kamakura de
go'aimasu OPDE 0S $ 2: rai shu, heya o yoyaku shitai n desu ga S 751 ! "10
1: hai, rai shu desu ne, rai shu wa itsu irasshaimasu ka? S 7 'S
7 > S:* 2: getsuyo*i ni tsukimasu, soshite, mokuyo*i ni tachimasu X>"y
>&(%.0"y 3 1: o namae wa? ! 2: yamada desu quv 1: kurejitto
kado motte irasshaimasu ka? `?}A W .:% S:* 2: ee, motte imasu .:%
tachimasu = !ea)e (a!ternate) 3 kon getsu = this month X> sen getsu = !ast month
X> x wa dou deshita ka = how was x r 2# ryokan = $a"anese sty!e hote! , niwa
= garden (kirei na niwa ga arimashita - there was a *eauti(u! garden) naka = in / inside
(shinkansen no naka - in the *u!!et train) (o) hiru = noon / !unch time !MN otaku = residence
(some*ody e!se's house, not your own) ! 0 denwa o shimasu = to ta!k on the "hone (a!ternate,
make a te!e"hone ca!!) ! han = ha!( "ast / thirty minutes (ju ni ji han 9 twe!)e thirty)
Unit 3.10 1: ichi*an ginko de go'aimasu 3F R $ 2: soni no smith to mou
shimasu ga, su'uki san onegai shimasu Zn 6 @{@ + .# @JK B !' 1: soni

no smith san desu ne, sho sho omachi kudasai. sumimasen, su'uki wa ainiku dekakete orimasu n ga
Zn 6 @{@ B ', , ! 3 0/B @JK 0 9% ! 2:
so desu ka, ja, mata ato de denwa o shimasu (# )* + ! kirei
deshita = was *eauti(u! &Q taishikan = em*assy dekakete orimasu = is out
9% ! ju go *an no *asu = the num*er (i(teen *us )7 F 6 t@ notte kudasai = "!ease get
on (a!ways used with /ni/) 6:% 0/B orite kudasai = "!ease get o(( (a!ways used with /de/) !% 0/B
Unit 3.11 1: sumimasen, amerika taishikan e ikitai n desu n ga
5 & 2: amerika taishikan desu ka, *asu de ikemasu yo, asoko ni *asu tei ga arimasu
ne? t@ 9 "( t@ % ' 1: nan *an no
*asu desu ka? F 6 t@ 2: ju go *an no *asu desu )7 F 6 t@ 1: amerika
taishikan made, dono gurai kakarimasu ka? 26 fS 2: so
desu ne.. ni ju""un gurai desu. ah, ima *asu ga kimashita. ano *asu ni notte kudasai, soshite,
taishikan no mae de orite kudasai (# ' )7:k fS t@ & 6
t@ 6:% 0/B (% 6 !% 0/B 1: domo arigato go'aimashita 2#.
+# $ 2: do itashimashite 2 % atatakai = warm su'ushii = coo! -
chigaimasu = it's wrong 3 kakete mimasu = to ca!! and (ind out / to ca!! and see how it is
9% chigatte imashita = it was wrong 3 :% shigai kyoku *an = area code num*er
&,0 F Unit 3.12 1: kyo wa chotto su'ushii desu ne? &, 3,:+ - ' 2: ee, kinou wa
atsukatta desu kedo &6# >: 92 1: james san, kyo wa o hiru ni san"o shimashou
ka? _j@ B &, ! MN B U ,# 2: sore wa ii desu ne, ima hi*ia koen wa totemo
kirei desu yo (Q ' My # +%. &Q " 1: so desu ne, ah hi*ia koen
de konsato ga arimasu yo. kon shu wa mai nichi o hiru ni konsato ga arimasu (# ' My #
; IA " 7 3 ! MN ; IA 2: so desu ka, ja 'ehi
ikimashou (# )* TM &,# o hiru yasumi ni = at !unch *reak ! MN 1 san"o
shimasu = to take a wa!k B U messeji = message } dono gurai mae = how !ong ago
26 fS nanika = any (a!ternate) nanika messeji ga arimashita ka = was there any
message } deshou = wi!! *e (su'ushii deshou - it wi!! *e coo!) ,#
Unit 3.13 1: ito san, nanika denwa ga arimashita ka? LA B 2:
ee, tanaka san kara arimashita GH B S 1: messeji ga arimashita ka? }
2: iie, nanimo arimasen deshita . 1: nanji goro
denwa ga arimashita ka? ) = 2: ni ju""un gurai mae desu )7:k fS
1: ja, ima tanaka san ni denwa o kakete mimasu )* GH B ! 9%
atama = head itai n desu = is aching (atama ga itai n desu - & ha)e a headache)
nodo = throat (nodo ga itai n desu - & ha)e a sore throat) 62 onaka = stomach ! netsu
= (e)er '> netsu ga aru n desu = & ha)e a (e)er (a (e)er exists) '> N kusuri = medicine 0
do'o o daiji ni = "!ease take care o( yourse!( / & ho"e you (ee! *etter 2#V ! /) Unit 3.14 1:
jones san, o hiru yasumi ni san"o shimasen ka? Y @ B ! MN 1 B U
2: san"o desu ka, chotto.. atama ga itai n desu B U 3,:+ 1:
sore wa ikemasen ne? (Q 9 ' 2: soshite nodo mo itai n desu (% 62 . 1:

ka'e desu ka? T 2: ta*un [ 1: kusuri wa arimasu ka? 0 2: iie, kyo

wa hayaku uchi ni kaerimasu &, 10 #3 1: so desu ne, do'o o daiji ni (#
'2#V ! /) jun*i = "re"aration (jun*i shite imasu - &'m "re"aring) )7 y daiji (na) =
im"ortant /) dono gurai kakarimasu ka = how !ong wi!! it take 26 fS nagaku
kakaru deshou = it wi!! take a !ong time 0 N ,# (o) kyaku sama = customer !&*0 B
tsuyaku = inter"reter >10 iru n desu ga = need / want (a!ternate, more "o!ite) N ka'e =
co!d (as in i!!ness) T daijo*u deshou = &'!! *e (ine / it wi!! *e a!right /),[ ,# Unit 3.1 1: rai shu
kawamura san to kaigi arimasu ne? S 7 ^j< B + R ' 2: ee, kayo*i ni arimasu
"y 1: kaigi wa nagaku kakaru deshou ka? R 0 N ,# 2:
ee, nagaku kakaru deshou, tsuyaku ga irimasu ka? 0 N ,#>10
1: iie, iranai deshou, kawamura san wa eigo o hanashimasu, soshite watashi wa nihongo o sukoshi
hanashimasu kara S ,#^j< B ! (%
! S 2: jones san wa nihongo ga totemo jo'u desu yo Y @ B
+%. ),- " 1: iie, mada mada desu / / ma'u = (irst / (irst o( a!! - (o)
tetsudai = he!" !%>/ maiku = micro"hone uL` iranai deshou = & may not need S ,#
demasu = attend (a!ternate) deraremasu = can attend SQ Unit 3.1! 1: johnson san, rai
shu no kaigi ni deraremasu ka? Y Z B S 7 6 R SQ 2: ee,
deraremasu. kaigi wa suiyo*i desu ne? SQ R "y ' 1: ee, so desu.
johnson san, tsuyaku ga irimasu ka? (# Y Z B >10 2: ee,
onegai shimasu. ta*un, kaigi wa nagaku kakaru deshou, soshite, daiji na kaigi desu kara !'
[ R 0 N ,#(%/) R S 1: tokoro de,
kaigi no ato "ati ga arimasu. johnson san no okusan mo deraremasu ka? += R 6 +
hDPL Y Z B 6 !0B . SQ 2: kanai wa ainiku, rai shu (ukuoka e
shuchcho o shimasu 0S 7 b0! 5 73, ! 1: so desu ka, 'an'nen
desu ne? (# $' ' onaka ga sukimashita = &'m hungry / the stomach *ecame
em"ty ! & tokoro de = *y the way (o(ten used to introduce a new / dis"!easing to"ic)
+= uketsuke = rece"tion desk #9>9 kiite kudasai = "!ease ask (a!ternate) &% 0/B kiite mite
kudasai = "!ease ask and see &% % 0/B o(isu = o((ice ~@ *iru = *ui!ding CE ko*an = "o!ice
*ox F Unit 3.1" 1: ohayo go'aimasu, kyo wa daiji na kaigi ga arimasu ne? !"# $&,
/) R ' 2: ee, kokusai *u no hito wa mina demasu ka? 0B [ 6 M+
1: iie, yamada san wa deraremasen, osaka ni shuchcho o shimashita kara
quv B SQ !B 73, ! S 2: kyo, kaigi no ato su'uki san no o(isu
ni ikanakute wa ikemasen &, R 6 + @JK B 6 ~@ 0% 9 1: su'uki
san no o(isu wa shinjuku *iru ni arimasu ne? @JK B 6 ~@ )70 CE ' 2: mae
wa shinjuku *iru ni arimashita, demo ima wa meiji *iru ni arimasu )70 CE
. a ) CE nodo ga kawakimashita = &'m thirsty / the throat *ecame dry
62 & utsurimashita = mo)ed / has mo)ed #> o kake ni narimasen ka = won't
you sit down / *ecome seated (a!ternate use o( o kake) ! 9 dareka = someone /Q
donata (ga) = who (a!ternate, more "o!ite) 2 (to) omoimasu = think +!. hanashite

imashita = s"eaking / were in the "rocess o( s"eaking % koto (o) = a*out / matter
amerika no koto = a*out %merica / %merica's matter +! Unit 3.1# 1: ah, jones san, kon'nichi wa
Y @ B 3 2: kon'nichi wa, kyo wa samui desu ne? 3 &, Bi
' 1: ee, honto ni. jones san, watashitachi wa ima amerika no koto o hanashite imashita
+ Y @ B 3 6 + ! % 2: amerika no koto,
dareka amerika ni irasshaimasu ka? 6 +/Q S:* 1: ee,
watashi no musuko ga ryoko o shimasu 6 i , ! 2: musuko san wa
hitori de? i B M+ 1: iie, tomodachi to ikimasu +./3 + & 2: sore wa ii
desu ne? (Q ' umaku ikimashita = it went we!! # 0 & (urui = o!d bN machi
= town 3 atarashii = new S (o) tera = tem"!e !%S yumei = (amous (o tera de yumei
desu - (amous (or its tem"!es) \a kondo = next time / this time / when & get the chance / etc 2
Unit 3.1$ 1: jones san, nara wa dou deshita ka? Y @ B S 2# 2: totemo
yokatta desu yo, (urui machi wa ii desu ne? +%. ": "bN 3 ' 1: ee,
watashi mo (urui machi ga suki desu. o tera o mimashita ka? . bN 3 &
! %S ! 2: ee, sukoshi, nara wa o tera de yumei desu ne? S !
%S \a ' 1: ee, tokoro de, kaigi wa dou deshita ka? += R 2#
2: umaku ikimashita, atarashii o kyaku sama ni aimashita # 0 & S ! &*0 B
1: sore wa yokatta desu ne? (Q ": ' deguchi = exit f3 iriguchi = entrance
f3 eki'in = station em"!oyee & kaisatsuguchi = ticket gate B>f3 kitte mimashou = !et's
ask and (ind out &:% ,# densha = train * mittsume no eki de = at the third station :>a
6 & norikaete kudasai = "!ease trans(er / to change to another )ehic!e 6 % 0/B Unit
3.20 1: smith san wa, nani de kaisha ni ikimasu ka? @{@ B * & 2:
uchi kara eki made *asu de ikimasu, soshite kaisha made densha de kimasu. yamada san wa? #3
S & t@ &(% * * & quv B 1: watashi wa uchi
kara eki made jitensha de ikimasu, soshite kaisha made densha de kimasu. jitensha wa eigo de
nanto iu masu ka? #3 S & )%* &(% * * &
)%* + # 2: *icyc!e to iu masu tLD@` + # jitensha =
*icyc!e )%* aso*i = "!ay (y aso*i ni ikimasen ka = won't you come to ha)e a good time / chat?
(y & jitsu (wa) = to te!! the truth / as (or the truth )> owarimashita = has *een
com"!eted / is (inished ! chodo = just (chodo owarimashita - has just *een (inished) 3,2
sore wa shirimasen deshita = & didn't know that (Q kaeranakute wa ikemasen
= & ha)e to go *ack S 0% 9 Unit 3.21 1: ohayo go'aimasu !"# $ 2:
ohayo go'aimasu, kirei na hana desu ne? !"# $&Q ' 1: ee, smith san wa
hana ga suki desu ka? @{@ B & 2: ee, mochiron, kono hana wa
nihongo de nanto iu masu ka? .3= 6 + # 1: sakura to
iu masu B0S + # 2: ah, sakura desu ka, sakura wa yumei desu ne? B0S B0S
\a ' 1: amerika ni mo sakura ga arimasu ka? . B0S 2: ee,
washington no sakura wa totemo yumei desu ^c A 6 B0S +%. \a hana = (!
ower / (!owers sakura = cherry *!ossoms B0S omachi shite imashita = &')e *een waiting eager!y

/ im"atient!y to see you ! 3 % ojama shimasu = &'m going to inter(ere / &'m sorry to
*other you !)* do'o o kake kudasai = "!ease ha)e a seat 2#V ! 9 0/B tsumaranai mono
= a )ery !itt!e thing / a du!! thing / a "etty thing (mono - thing) > S .6 kore, tsumaranai mono
desu ga, do'o = this is a )ery !itt!e thing, *ut "!ease... (acce"t this) Q> S .6 2#V
(o) hana mi = (!ower )iewing ! o hana mi ni ikimashou ka = sha!! we go (or (!ower )iewing !
&,# hima ga nai n desu = as you may or may not know, & won't ha)e (ree time M
Unit 3.22 1: kon'nichi wa 3 2: kon'nichi wa jackson san, do'o o hairi
kudasai 3 _`Z B 2#V ! 0/B 1: hai, ah, kirei na hana desu ne, kore wa
sakura desu ne? &Q ' Q B0S ' 2: ee, jackson san wa kyo
ueno koen ni kimasu ne? _`Z B &, # 6 # & ' 1: ee, koen o san"o
shimasu # ! B U 2: ueno koen wa, ima sakura ga totemo kirei desu yo # 6
# B0S +%. &Q " *ijutsukan = art museum y)7> hima na toki = in your
(ree time (toki = when / time, a!ternate) M +& itta koto ga arimasu = ha)e *een / ha)e e)er *een
(itta - went, koto ga aru - ha)e done) : + da so desu = & heard (ex"resses
hearsay) / (# konde imasu = is crowded / are crowded toku ni = es"ecia!!y +0
heijitsu = weekdays 5 )> Unit 3.23 1: james san, hima na toki nani o shimasu ka? _j@ B M
+& ! 2: so desu ne, yoku tenisu o shimasu. tanaka san wa? (# '"0 Pn@ !
GH B 1: watashi mo tokidoki tenisu o shimasu, demo yoku *ijutsukan e mo ikimasu
. +&2& Pn@ ! . "0 y)7> 5 . & 2: *ijutsukan, amerika de wa watashi mo
tokidoki ikimashita y)7> . +&2& & motte kimashita = *rought
(ha)e came) .:% & (o) kashi = sweets (o kashi mo do'o - ha)e some sweets a!so "!ease) !
itta toki = when & went : +& teien = traditiona! (orma! garden % iku toki = when & go
0 +& tsurete ikimasu = take someone with me / take with me and go >Q% & do'o kite kudasai
= "!ease come 2#V &% 0/B Unit 3.24 1: danie! san, itsu kyoto kara kaerimashita ka? vE B
> &,+ S 2: sen shu no kinyo*i desu. takusan shashin o torimashita yo 7
6 &,y 0B * ! + " 1: ja, itsuka misete kudasai ne? )*> % 0/B
' 2: ee, kyo motte kimashita, do'o &, .:% &2#V 1: kirei na niwa desu ne? &Q
' 2: ee, kore wa yumei na o tera desu Q \a ! %S itsuka misete
kudasai ne = "!ease show me someday, won't you > % 0/B ' shite arimasu = something
has *een made % sama = "o!ite /san/ used *y em"!oyees B (o) nimotsu = !uggage /
*aggage !.> kani / kagi = key 4 R kai = (!oor (ni kai - 2nd (!oor) dekite imasen = is
not ready / has not *een ready &% Unit 3.2 1: irasshaimase S:* 2: johnson to
mou shimasu, yoyaku ga shite arimasu Y Z + .# "10 % 1: johnson
sama desu ne, hai, kyo to ashita desu ne? Y Z B '&, + ' 2: ee,
so desu (# 1: johnson sama no o heya wa ni kai no sakura desu. hai, o heya no kani
desu ),( B 6 ! 51 6 B0S ! 51 6 (o) isha (san) = doctor !
*B kudasai masen ka = wou!dn't you (a!ternate, itte kudasai masen ka - wou!dn't you go) 0/B
katte kite = *uy and come *ack :% &% wou!dn't you go to the "harmacy, *uy some
medicine and come *ack yakkyoku e itte kusuri o katte kite kudasai masen ka 1:&,0 5 :% 0 !

:% &% 0/B kori = ice dou desu ka = how are you (ee!ing (a!ternate) 2#
narimashita = has *ecome / *ecame yoku = *etter (a!ternate, yoku narimashita - it has
*ecome *etter) "0 tenisu koto = tennis court Pn@ ;A Unit 3.2! 1: johnson san, eki no chikaku ni
atarashii kissaten ga arimasu yo, go'onji desu ka? Y Z B & 6 3 0 S &:B
% " V ) 2: iie, shirimasen. sono kissaten no namae wa?
(6 &:B% 6 1: suta*akusu to iu masu @GDt`@ + # 2: su'uki san wa mo
ikimashita ka? @JK B .# & 1: iie, mada desu. kondo issho ni ikimashou ka?
/ 2 :, &,# 2: ee, 'ehi ikimashou TM &,# tora*era'u
cheku = tra)e!ers checks A<< + B> 0/B x shitara = & shou!d x r S doko ni kinyu
shitara ii desu ka = where at shou!d & enter, is it good 2 &\ S shumi =
ho**y 7 yomi masu = read " shosetsu = no)e!s ,> suiri = mystery ongaku =
music ! 0 kurashikku = c!assica! ` ,# 1: so desu ne, kimono wa dou
desu ka? (# '&.6 2# 2: sore wa ii desu ne, demo kimono wa takai deshou (Q
'. &.6 ,# 1: ee, ja yukata wa dou desu ka, yukata wa amari takaku
arimasen yo )* \ 2# \ 0 " tsuma = my wi(e (a!
ternate) > yukata = an in(orma! cotton kimono usua!!y worn in the summer \ (o) sewa =
assistance / care / incon)enience ! iro-iro = much / e)erything (a!ternate) = = iro-iro o
sewa ni narimashita = & ha)e recei)ed much o( your assistance / thank you (or e)erything = = !
(o) tsutae kudasai = "!ease gi)e / "!ease te!! !> 0/B yoroshiku o tsutae
kudasai = "!ease gi)e my regards (yoroshiku - regards, a!ternate) "= 0 ! > 0/B jusho =
address )7 , sore made ni wa = *y that time (Q jo'u ni natte iru deshou = wi!! ha)e
*ecome ski!!ed ),- :% N ,# Unit 4 Not %et released &in t'e (or)s...* Appendi+ Appendi+
achira - 1.2; agemasu - 1.1; ai ni - 2.2< aida - 2.=> aimashita - 2.=0 aimasu - 1.2> ainiku - 2.=0
aisukurimu - 0.=? aite imasu - 1.2? akai - 2.=0 amari - 2.=1 ame - 2.0= amerika no kuruma - 1.22
amerikajin - 1.=1 anata - 1.=1 anata ni - 1.1? anata no - 1.=> ano - 2.=2, 2.2= aoyama - 2.=; arigato 1.=2 arimasen - 1.1; arimashita - 2.1> arimasu - 1.1; aruite - 2.=? asa - 2.=1 asa gohan - 0.2< asa no
roku ji - 0.2@ ashita - 1.11 ashita no *an - 1.11 aso*i - 0.2= aso*i ni ikimasen ka - 0.2= asoko - 1.=;
atama - 0.10 atarashii - 0.1< atatakai - 0.11 ato de - 1.=> atsui - 2.12 atsukatta - 0.=1 *an gohan 1.11 *asu - 2.=? *asu tei - 2.=> *enkyou shite imasu - 2.1A *iiru - 1.=A *ijutsukan - 0.22 *iru - 0.1>
*oru-"en - 0.=? *u - 0.=2 *urraku de - 2.1= *yoin - 2.1< cha - 2.=0 cheku - 0.2> chigaimasu - 0.11
chigatte imashita - 0.11 chiisai - 1.21 chikai - 2.1@ chikaku ni - 2.2> chikatetsu - 2.22 chi'u - 2.2@
chi'u keki - 2.2> chi'u o kakimashou ka - 2.2@ chodo - 0.2= chokoreto - 2.2? chotto - 1.1= chotto
matte - 1.20 chotto sumimasen - 2.2= chugakko - 0.2A chugakko no toki - 0.2A chugoku - 2.=0
chugokujin - 2.=0 da so desu - 0.22 daigaku sei - 2.1A daiji - 0.1; daijo*u deshou - 0.1; daijo*u desu 2.20 dare - 1.=< dareka - 0.1A de - 1.=> de go'aimasu - 0.=< deguchi - 0.1@ dekakete orimasu 0.1= dekimasu - 2.22 dekite imasen - 0.2; demasu - 2.11, 0.1? demo - 1.=0 densha - 0.1@ denwa 2.1> denwa *ango - 2.1> denwa cho - 2.1> denwa o kakemasu - 2.1@ denwa o shimasu - 0.=@
de"ato - 1.2? deraremasu - 0.1? deshou - 0.12 desu - 1.=1 do itashimashite - 1.1> do iu - 1.2<
dochira - 0.=2 dochira no hou ga ii desu ka - 0.=; dochira no hou ga yasashii desu ka - 0.=? doko -

1.=; doko ee - 1.1? doko ni kinyu shitara ii desu ka - 0.2A doko no daigaku - 2.1A domo - 1.=0
donata 9 0.1A donna tokoro - 2.2< dono - 0.=? dono gurai - 2.=; dono gurai kakarimasu ka - 0.1;
dono gurai mae - 0.12 dono hon o sagashite iru desu ka - 0.=? dono kurai - 2.=; dore - 1.2; doru 1.10 doshite - 1.2? dou desu ka - 0.2? doyo*i - 2.=@ do'o kite kudasai - 0.20 do'o o daiji ni - 0.10
do'o o hairi kudasai - 1.1@ do'o o kake kudasai - 0.21 do'o yoroshiku - 1.1@ Appendi+ &,ontinued...*
e iku n desu ne - 2.2A ee - 1.=; eiga - 2.=< eiga no ato - 2.=@ eiga no mae - 2.=@ eigo - 1.=1 eiji
shin*un - 2.1; eki - 1.=; eki no mae ni - 2.2@ eki'in - 0.1@ en - 1.12 enichi - 0.=A enjinia - 0.=2 erai
desu ne - 0.2< (ukuoka - 0.=A (un - 2.=A (urui - 0.1< (utari - 1.21 (utari to mo - 2.=? (uyu - 2.0=
gakko - 0.=0 gasorin - 1.22 gatsu - 2.11 genkin - 0.2> getsuyo*i - 2.=A ginko - 2.1> go - 1.1= go (un 2.22 go ka'oku - 1.22 go shujin - 1.1< gochiso - 2.1? gochiso sama deshita - 2.1? gogo - 2.=1, 2.=@
gongo - 2.=1 goro - 2.=< goru(u - 2.2? go'aimasu - 1.=2 go'onji - 0.=1 guai ga warui n desu - 2.1<
gurai - 2.1A hachi - 1.=@ hachi gatsu - 2.11 hai - 1.=1 hai do'o - 1.10 hajimarimasu - 2.=@
hajimemashite - 1.1@ han - 0.=@ hana - 0.21 hana mi - 0.21 hana mi ni ikimashou ka - 0.21
hanashimasen - 1.=> hanashimashita - 1.0= hanashimasu - 1.=; hanashite imashita - 0.1A ha""yaku
- 2.21 hataraite imasu - 2.1= haya sugimasu - 1.1A hayaku - 2.11 heijitsu - 0.22 heya - 2.2> hidari 1.2; hikoki - 2.2A hima - 2.11 hima ga nai n desu - 0.21 hima na toki - 0.22 hiru - 0.=@ hiru gohan 1.=< hiru yasumi ni - 0.12 hito - 2.=2 hitori - 1.21 hitori de - 1.2< hitori desu - 1.2< hon - 1.=< honto 1.21 honto ni - 1.21 hoshii - 1.=A hoshii n desu ga - 1.1> hoshiku arimasen - 1.=A hoteru - 1.=< hou 2.2? hutsuka - 1.2> hyaku - 1.2A i shukan - 1.2@ ichi - 1.=@ icho do - 2.=? ii - 1.=2 iie - 1.=1
ikanakute wa ikemasen - 2.2A ikemasu - 2.=? ikimashita - 1.0= ikimashou - 2.=? ikimasu - 1.20 ikitai
desu - 2.=2 ikitaku arimasen - 2.=< iku - 1.2; iku toki - 0.20 iku tsumori desu - 0.=0 ikuchu - 2.1? ikura
- 1.12 ima - 1.=> ima sugu - 2.2> imasen - 1.2= imasu - 1.2= imi - 1.2< i""ai - 2.=0 i""on - 1.10 iranai
deshou - 0.1? irasshai - 2.2@ irasshaimase - 1.1@ irasshaimasu - 2.1= iriguchi - 0.1@ irimasen 2.1= irimasu - 2.11 iro-iro - 0.0= iro-iro o sewa ni narimashita - 0.0= iru n desu ga - 0.1; isha - 0.2?
isogashii - 2.2; issho ni - 2.=2 issho ni itte mo ii desu ka - 2.2A itadakemasen ka - 2.1;, 2.0=
itadakimasu - 2.1;, 2.0= Appendi+ &,ontinued...* itai desu - 1.2A itai n desu - 0.10 ito - 1.=< itsu 1.=> itsuka

2.2< itsuka misete kudasai ne - 0.2; itsumo - 2.=0 itta koto ga arimasu - 0.22 itta toki - 0.20 itte
kimasu - 1.1? itte kudasai - 1.20 iu masu - 1.0= iya - 1.=0 ja - 1.11 ja arimasen - 1.=2 ja mata - 1.=2
ja, mata itsuka - 2.2< ji - 1.=@ jikan - 1.2< jikan ga arimasen - 1.2< jikan ga kakarimasu - 2.2@
jitensha - 0.2= jitsu - 0.2= jogingu - 0.2< jo'u - 1.=2 jo'u ni natte iru deshou - 0.0= ju - 1.11 ju go *an
no *asu - 0.1= ju kyu - 1.1; ju*un - 1.1> jun*i - 0.1; jusho - 0.0= ka - 1.=1 kaemasen - 1.1? kaemasu 1.1? kaeranakute wa ikemasen - 0.2= kaeraremasu - 2.2? kaerimasen - 1.2A kaerimasu - 1.2A
kaeritai desu - 1.2A kaeritaku arimasen - 1.2A kagi - 0.2; kai - 0.2; kaigi - 2.2; kaimasen deshita 1.2@ kaimashita - 1.2@ kaimasu - 1.=< kaimono - 1.1A kaisatsuguchi - 0.1@ kaisha ni imasu - 2.2;
kaisha no hito - 2.=; kaitai n desu ga - 2.1@ kaiwa - 1.1= kakari - 2.1; kake ni narimasen ka - 0.1A
kaketai n desu ga - 2.1> kakete mimasu - 0.11 kakimasu - 2.1< kamaimasen - 2.2; kamakura - 2.=1
kanada - 2.=> kanai - 1.1< kanari - 2.20 kani - 0.2; kan"ai - 2.=0 kara - 1.2?, 2.=2 kashi - 0.20 katta
desu - 0.=A katte imasen - 0.2@ katte kite - 0.2? kawakimashita - 0.1A kawanakute wa ikemasen -

0.2@ kayo*i - 2.=A ka'e - 0.1; ka'oku - 1.21 ka'oku ni ai ni - 2.2< kedo - 2.2; kei'ai - 2.1A keki - 2.1?
kekko desu - 1.=? kesa - 1.0= kiite - 1.11 kiite kudasai - 0.1> kiite mite kudasai - 0.1> kikimasu - 0.2<
kimasu - 2.=0 kinou - 1.2@ kinyo*i - 2.=< kinyu shite kudasai - 0.2> kiosuku - 2.22 kirei - 2.10 kirei
deshita - 0.1= kirin - 0.=? kiro - 1.22 kissaten - 2.2; kite - 0.20 kitte - 2.1< kitte mimashou - 0.1@
ko*an - 0.1> kochira - 2.12 kodomo - 1.2= koen - 1.=; kohi - 1.1< koka - 0.2> koko - 1.=; koko de
matte imasu - 2.21 koko sei - 2.1A kokusai - 0.=2 kon *an - 1.11 kon *an wa - 1.10 kon getsu - 0.=@
kon shu - 2.12 kon'nichi wa - 1.=0 konde imasu - 0.22 kondo - 0.1< kono - 1.0= kono ato - 2.1=
kon"yuta - 2.22 konsato - 2.=@ kore - 1.2; kore mo johnson san no desu ka - 0.=? kori - 0.2?
Appendi+ &,ontinued...* kotaete - 1.22, 2.=1 koto - 2.10, 0.1A, 0.2? koto ga arimasu - 0.22 koto*a 1.0= ku arimasen - 1.=A kudasai - 1.11 kudasai masen ka - 0.2? kurashikku - 0.2A kurejitto kado 0.=< kurikaeshite - 1.11 kuruma - 1.22 kusuri - 0.10 kyaku sama - 0.1; kyo - 1.11 kyo nen - 0.=1 kyu 1.=@ kyuko - 2.2= kyushu - 2.2A machi - 0.1< mada - 1.=0, 2.12 mada desu - 2.=1 mada mada
desu - 0.=0 mada yoyaku shite imasen - 0.=> made - 2.=> mae - 1.2< magatte - 2.1< mai - 2.2= mai
nichi - 2.1? maiku - 0.1? man - 0.2> mantan - 1.20 mantan ni shite - 1.20 massugu - 1.20 matsumoto
seicho - 0.2< matte - 1.20 ma'u - 0.1? menyu - 2.=0 messeji - 0.12 michi - 1.2; migi - 1.2; mijikai 2.=; mikka - 1.2> mimashita - 0.=? mina - 2.21 miruku - 2.1= misete - 0.2; mittsume no eki de - 0.1@
miyage - 0.2@ mi'u - 1.1< mo - 1.2?, 2.2; mo hitori - 2.=? mo ichi do - 1.1= mo ichi do iute kudasai 2.=1 mochiron - 2.=> modotte kimasu - 2.2? mokuyo*i - 2.11 mono - 0.21 moshi moshi - 1.12 moshi
yokere*a - 2.=< motte imasen - 1.10 motte imasu - 1.10 motte kimashita - 0.20 motto - 1.1< mou
sugu - 0.=< musuko - 2.1; musume - 2.1; mu'ukashii - 0.=0 n desu ga - 1.1> nagai - 2.=; nagaku
kakaru deshou - 0.1; nagano - 2.2< naka - 0.=@ nakute wa ikemasen - 0.=> namae - 2.=; nan - 1.2=
nan *an sen - 2.2= nan de - 2.=A nan desu ka - 1.1> nana sen - 1.12 nan*ante - 1.=A nani - 1.=A
nani ga arimasu ka - 1.1@ nani o nasatte imasu ka - 0.=; nanika - 1.=?, 0.12 nanika messeji ga
arimashita ka - 0.12 nanimo - 1.0= nanji - 1.=@ nanto - 1.0= naraimashita - 0.=0 narimashita - 0.2?
nasatte - 0.=; natsu - 2.0= natte iru deshou - 0.0= ne - 1.=2 nekutai - 0.2@ nemashita - 0.2< nen 2.=; netsu - 0.10 netsu ga aru n desu - 0.10 ni - 1.=<, 2.2> ni san - 1.2> ni shimasu - 0.=; nichi - 1.2>
nichiyo*i - 2.2A nihon - 1.=0 nihon no hon - 1.1< nihon no kuruma - 1.22 nihongo - 1.=1 nihonjin 1.=0 nimotsu - 0.2; nin - 1.2= niwa - 0.=@ no hou ga chikai desu - 2.2> no hou ga ii desu - 2.2? no
hou ga suki desu - 2.2? nodo - 0.10 nodo ga kawakimashita - 0.1A nomi ni - 2.=< nomimasen - 1.=?
nomimasu - 1.=? nomimono - 0.=; nomitagatte iru - 1.1< Appendi+ &,ontinued...* nomitai desu - 1.1=
nomitaku arimasen - 1.1= nomumono - 1.2@ norikaete kudasai - 0.1@ noto - 0.=? notte kudasai 0.1= o sugimasu - 1.1> o tomodachi - 0.=; o(isu - 0.1> ohayo - 1.=2 oishii - 2.1? ojama shimasu 0.21 okane - 1.10 okane o kae ni - 2.2> okii - 1.2= okimashita - 0.2< oko san - 2.1; okusan - 1.1<
omachi shite imashita - 0.21 omise - 1.2? omocha - 0.2@ omoimasu - 0.1A omoshiroi - 2.10 onaka 0.10 onaka ga sukimashita - 0.1> onegai shimasu - 1.=< ongaku - 0.2A onna no ko - 1.2= onsen 0.=< orimasu - 2.12 orite kudasai - 0.1= osaka made kudasai - 2.2= osoi - 1.2? osoku arimasen 1.2? osoku natte sumimasen - 2.2@ otaku - 0.=@ otearai - 1.21 otoko no ko - 1.2= owarimashita 0.2= "ati - 2.2@ rai getsu - 0.=> rai nen - 0.=2 rai shu - 2.12 resutoran - 1.=A rita - 1.22 roku - 1.11
ro""yaku - 2.2= ryokan - 0.=@ ryoko - 2.=< ryoko o shitai desu - 2.10 sa - 2.=0 sagashite iru n desu

ga - 2.1A sai - 2.1? sain o shite kudasai - 0.2> sake - 1.=A sakura - 0.21 sama - 0.2; samui - 2.12
samukatta desu - 0.=1 samuku arimasen deshita - 0.=A san - 1.=<, 1.1= san (uranshisuko - 2.1; san
'en - 1.12 san*yaku - 2.1@ san"o shimasu - 0.12 sa""oro - 0.=? sato - 1.=<, 2.1= satsu - 0.2> sen 1.12 sen getsu - 0.=@ sen shu - 0.=; sen*ei - 2.11 sewa - 0.0= shashin - 0.=2 shichi - 1.11 shichi
gatsu - 2.11 shigai kyoku *an - 0.11 shigoto - 1.2> shigoto wa - 0.=2 shika - 2.2A shikoku - 2.2A
shimasen deshita - 2.=2 shimashita - 2.=1 shimasu - 1.=< shimatte imasu - 1.2? shinakute wa
ikemasen - 0.=> shinjuku - 1.=; shinkansen - 2.2A shiriai - 2.20 shirimasen - 2.=1 shiroi - 2.=0 shita 0.=? shitai - 1.1A shitara - 0.2A shite arimasu - 0.2; shite imasu - 2.2; shitsurei shimasu - 2.=2 shitte
imasu - 2.=1 sho sho omachi kudasai - 2.1< shokuji o shimashou - 2.=< shokuji o shimasu - 2.=A
shosetsu - 0.2A shuchcho o shimasu - 2.=@ shujin - 1.1< shukan - 1.2@ shumatsu - 2.2@ shumi 0.2A so - 1.=2 so desu - 1.=? so*a - 0.=? soi - 2.22 sono - 2.=> sono ato - 2.=> sono kado - 2.1<
sono mae - 2.=> sore - 1.2< sore desu - 0.=? sore kara - 1.2; sore made ni wa - 0.0= sore to mo 1.=@ sore wa ikemasen ne - 2.1@ sore wa shirimasen deshita - 0.2= Appendi+ &,ontinued...* soro
soro - 2.=2 soro soro shitsurei shimasu - 2.=2 soshite - 1.12 sousuruto - 2.1< sugoshitai desu - 1.2<
sugu - 2.22 sugu kimasu - 2.20 suiri - 0.2A suiyo*i - 2.20 suki - 1.2@ sukimashita - 0.1> sukoshi 1.=1 sumimasen - 1.=1, 2.0= sunde imasu - 1.1@ su"otsu - 0.2A suru koto - 2.10 suta*akusu - 2.2?
su'uki - 1.=< su'ushii - 0.11 ta*emasen - 1.=? ta*emasen deshita - 1.2@ ta*emashita - 1.2@
ta*emashou - 2.=< ta*emasu - 1.=? ta*eraremasen - 1.1? ta*eraremasu - 1.1? ta*etai desu - 1.1=
ta*etaku arimasen - 1.1= ta*un - 1.2> tachimasu - 0.=@ taishikan - 0.1= taka sugimasu - 1.1A takai 1.1< takakatta desu - 0.=A takaku arimasen - 1.1< takaku arimasen deshita - 0.=A takusan - 1.1;
takushii - 1.2> tanaka - 1.=< ta'unete - 1.20 te*uru - 0.=? tegami - 2.=A teien - 0.20 tem"ura - 2.=1
tenichi - 0.=< tenisu - 2.22 tenisu koto - 0.2? tenisu o shimasu - 2.20 tenki - 1.=2 tera - 0.1< tetsudai 0.1? ti-shatsu - 2.=> to - 1.=< to issho - 1.2= to issho ni - 1.2A to iu imi masu - 1.2< to iu masu - 1.0=
to iute kudasai - 1.22 to iute mite kudasai - 1.2? to kotaete kudasai - 1.22 to kotaete mite kudasai 2.=1 to mou shimasu - 2.=2 to ta'unete kudasai - 1.20 toi - 1.20 toire - 1.21 tokei - 0.2@ toki - 0.22
tokidoki - 2.=; tokoro - 1.=> tokoro de - 0.1> toku arimasen - 1.20 toku ni - 0.22 tokyu - 2.2=
tomarimasu - 0.=A tomodachi - 1.2> tora*era'u cheku - 0.2> torimasu - 2.11 toronto - 2.=> totemo 2.=1 tsugi - 1.1= tsugou ga warui n desu - 2.22 tsukimashita - 1.0= tsuma - 0.0= tsumaranai mono 0.21 tsumetai - 2.12 tsurete ikimasu - 0.20 tsuri - 2.2= tsutae - 0.0= tsuyaku - 0.1; uchi - 2.=? ue 0.=? ueno - 1.=; ugokanai n desu - 2.21 uketsuke - 0.1> umaku ikimashita - 0.1< undo - 0.2<
utsurimashita - 0.1A wa - 1.=@ wa dou deshita ka - 0.=@ wa dou desu ka - 2.=; wa ikaga desu ka 2.0= wakarimasen - 1.=1 wakarimashita - 1.=@ wakarimasu - 1.=1 watashi - 1.=1 watashi mo - 1.=>
watashi ni - 1.1? watashi no - 1.=> watashitachi - 1.1@ watashitachi no - 1.21 watashite - 2.1;
yakkyoku - 2.1@ yasashii - 0.=0 yasumi - 2.11 yo - 1.1=, 1.2? yo*itai n desu ga - 2.1< yokatta desu 0.=A yokka - 1.2< yoku - 1.=0, 0.2? yoku arimasen - 2.10 yoku ryoko o shimasu - 2.=@ yomi masu 0.2A Appendi+ &,ontinued...* yon sen - 1.12 yori - 2.2= yoroshiku o tsutae kudasai - 0.0= yoshi 0.2> youkan 9 2.1A yoyaku - 0.=> yu*inkyoku - 2.1A yukata 9 0.0= yuki - 2.2=, 2.0= yuki ga (urimasu
- 2.0= yukkuri 9 1.1A yumei - 0.1< 'an'nen desu ne - 2.10 'ehi - 2.=2 'en 'en - 1.1? 'en*u de - 2.1@
'ui*un - 2.2; -anguage re.eren,e/ (hiragana MS / katakana G H / kanji num*ering 1-1=,===)

 negative B 1 S polite & 3 M # dictionary 0 > b i \ N

causative 9 % ' 5 a Q ! let's ( + 6 . " = $ ) / > F m &* &7 &, negative I G H p u q <
^ L polite K c w n ] { l dictionary ` @ x s ~ j E causative P ? let's ; Z A O
e d v x t h K_ Ko KY