SIBU MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
30 NOV 2010
Household Composting
Composting is the nature way of
recycling organic matter. It is the
process whereby biodegradable
organic matter is broken down by
microorganisms in the presence of
oxygen.
The product of this process is
compost, which benefits the
environment as a natural fertilizer for
gardening and farming.
Waste Characterization
Composting has many benefits. Some of the most important are:
Benefits the environment by recycling
valuable organic resources;
Saves money on fertilizer for plants;
Acts as an excellent soil conditioner
and adds on to soil volume;
Saves water by retaining moisture in
the soil.
(Of course it helps Council in cost saving on refuse collection
and extend life span of Dumping Ground)
Common Composting Methods
Pot Composting
Plastic Bag Composting
Tower Tyre Composting
Compost Pits
Windrow (Batas) Composting(
Wire Hoop Composting
Heap Composting
Bottomless Bin Composting
Pot Composting
Plastic Bag Composting
Tower Tyre Composting
Compost Pit
Wire Hoop Composting
Heap Composting
Steps in doing composting:-
2 : Kitchen Waste
3 : Put grass
1 : First layer soil
Put kitchen waste in
6 : Completed
(0rganic Fertilizer)
Stakeholders Participation
SMK Agama
Taman Grand Height
Started July, 2008
Started August, 2008
SMK Teknik
Started October, 2008
Taman Li Hua
Launching of Household
Composting project in Sibu on 13
April 2008
Started April, 2008
Individual Household
Started in 2008
Slow in becoming compost;
Attracts insects and may have
foul odour;
Occupies space.
WHY TAKAKURA HOME METHOD
(THM) COMPOSTING??
()
LA21 & Health Education Unit,
SIBU MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
In the Takakura composting method,
organic waste is broken down by
micro-organisms that are cultivated
from local materials.
The method involves making a seed
compost from fermented solutions
and a fermenting bed.
Organic waste is mixed with the seed
compost and left to degrade in a
ventilated container or basket.
Takakura Home Method (THM) the innovative
process for composting has been introduced by
KITA (Kitakyushu International Techno
Cooperative Association).
- In Surabaya,now 20,000
households have been
implementing this
composting method.
photo courtesy of KITA
By implementing
this method, in
Surabaya
1500t/day
1300t/day
=USD350,000/year (cost saving)
=RM1,228,500/year (cost saving)
Statistics on Monthly Refuse disposed
at Kemunyang
Kemunyang Sanitary Landfill,
Sibu from 2001 to 2008
50,000.00
Oct-Dec 2001
40,000.00
2002
2003
30,000.00
2004
20,000.00
2005
10,000.00
2006
2007
0.00
2008
Tonnage
Oct-Dec
Oct2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
9,759.49
39,876.52
41,055.83
44,372.14
45,503.81
48,225.73
47,532.01
46,714.64
Preparation for the Takakura
Home Method Composting
Materials for the THM composting
+
Food
waste
+
Seed compost
Composting
container
Materials needed
Rice bran & rice husk
Fermenting solution
Making Fermenting solution
Making Fermenting solution
Making fermented liquid
1) Mix brown sugar (or salt) and tap water
inside the container.
*Adding excess sugar is also fine.
Making Fermenting solution
2) Add fermented food into the water, mix
evenly;
Making fermented liquid
3) Tightly close the container, keep it for 3~5
days. Completed fermented liquid has
sweet and sour smell.
Making fermented liquid
After 1 day
From the left - Tempe, Taucu(bean paste), Yogurt and
Ragi(traditional yeast)
Making fermented liquid
After 5 days
From the left - Tempe, Taucu(bean paste), Yogurt and
Ragi(traditional yeast)
Making of Seed Compost
Rice Husks approx
1 cubic m
Rice Bran approx
1 cubic m
Rice bran: Rice husks =
1:1
Seed compost for 40 to 50
households can be prepared
using these ingredients.
Making Fermenting Bed (mixing rice
bran, rice husk with fermenting
solution)
The mixture should have moisture level of about 40 -60%
Making of Seed Compost
Add fermented liquid.
To check the amount of moisture, squeeze
seed compost as hard as you can.
If water drips out of the compost and off of your
hand the pile is too wet.
If no water appears the pile is too dry.
If water just appears, but does not drip, between
your fingers and on the surface of the compost the
moisture content is just right.
Making of Seed Compost
Making of Seed Compost
Completion of Seed Compost
After 5 to 7 days, the seed compost will be
ready, let it dry before use. (the entire surface
becomes covered with white mould, indicates completion of
fermentation)
Starting THM Composting
1) For compost container, you can use plastic
waste basket(which is perforated), bamboo
basket, laundry basket and so on.
Starting THM
Composting
2) Put cardboard or thick cloth (like carpet)
inside of the composting container to
prevent pests to invade.
Starting THM
Composting
3) Put seed compost into the cardboard box
to two third of its height.
Implementing THM
Composting
4) Everyday, put food waste and mix it well
with seed compost by using a shovel.
Then close the container.
The food waste will decompose after 1 or
2 days.
Implementating THM
Composting
Food waste:
Put food waste into the
compost and mix well
everytime food waste has
produced.
Cut food waste into
smaller sizes by using a
knife or scissors.
photo courtesy of KITA
Implementating THM
Composting
Mix well and cover with black
clothing(prevent pest, absorb heat)
Implementing THM composting
5) Add food waste until the container is filled
up to the 90% of its height. Then you can
take out 1/3 for use.
Put it in a cardboard box and keep it for 2
weeks (to let all the food waste to
complete decomposition).
How to use compost as fertilizer
1. Spread compost fertilizer all over the field.
Turn in compost about 20 cm depth of the
soil.
20cm
How to use compost as fertilizer
2. After planting a plant, mulch with compost.
Soil becomes soft.
(Easy to plow.)
Prevent growth of weed.
How to use compost as fertilizer
3. Dig a ditch around the plant 10cm depth.
Spread compost fertilizer
the inside of the ditch.
10cm
Lets do THM Composting!
Now, city of Surabaya has greened with plants by the
coordinated effort of the residents using compost
fertilizer. Then the city become clean and green.
Lets do THM Composting!
THM composting is the easy and inexpensive
way to do composting.
By implementing this compost, we can reduce
waste and can keep cleanliness of our
surroundings.
Advantages of the THM
composting
Fast, easy and economy method;
Hygienic improvements in our living
environments;
Elimination of foul odors & emission of
methane gas;
Reduction in organic waste generation
(reduce global warming);
Economic Benefits (for both Council &
individual).
Collection of organic waste from
Sibu Central Market
Collection of organic waste from
Rejang Park Market
Important Pointers: Stir the content once a day even no waste
is put in (to supply oxygen);
Treat your kitchen waste daily (do not leave
over night);
Cut your kitchen waste into smaller pieces
(for faster decomposition);
Do not add in bones, drain away gravy as
well;
Do not add in water as your kitchen waste
already has moisture content;
Do not place your basket under direct
sunlight and avoid from rainfall.
TRY THM &
THANK YOU
