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Alcohol's Impact on Health Systems

Alcohol consumption can damage multiple organ systems in the body. In the liver and gastrointestinal tract, alcohol can cause fatty liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure, as well as diarrhea, weight loss, and vitamin deficiencies. In the nervous system, alcohol leads to tolerance, dependence, and neurotoxicity. The cardiovascular system is impacted through conditions like cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. Alcohol affects the blood through nutritional deficiencies, inhibition of bone marrow, anemia, and hemolytic syndromes. It can also impact the endocrine system and electrolyte balance, causing issues like gynecomastia, fluid and electrolyte disorders, hypoglycemia, and ketosis.

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51 views1 page

Alcohol's Impact on Health Systems

Alcohol consumption can damage multiple organ systems in the body. In the liver and gastrointestinal tract, alcohol can cause fatty liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure, as well as diarrhea, weight loss, and vitamin deficiencies. In the nervous system, alcohol leads to tolerance, dependence, and neurotoxicity. The cardiovascular system is impacted through conditions like cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. Alcohol affects the blood through nutritional deficiencies, inhibition of bone marrow, anemia, and hemolytic syndromes. It can also impact the endocrine system and electrolyte balance, causing issues like gynecomastia, fluid and electrolyte disorders, hypoglycemia, and ketosis.

Uploaded by

dave_1128
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A.

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract


Alcoholic fatty liver, a reversible condition, may progress to alcoholic hepatitis
and finally to cirrhosis and liver failure
injures the small intestine, leading to diarrhea, weight loss, and multiple vitamin
deficiencies.

B. Nervous System
1. Tolerance and dependence
2. Neurotoxicity
C. Cardiovascular System
1. Cardiomyopathy and heart failure
2. Arrhythmias
3. Hypertension
4. Coronary Heart Disease
D. Blood
indirectly affects hematopoiesis through metabolic and nutritional effects
may also directly inhibit the proliferation of all cellular elements in bone marrow.
mild anemia resulting from alcohol-related folic acid deficiency
Iron deficiency anemia may result from gastrointestinal bleeding.
Alcohol has also been implicated as a cause of several hemolytic syndromes,
some of which are associated with hyperlipidemia and severe liver disease.

E. Endocrine System and Electrolyte Balance


Clinical reports of gynecomastia and testicular atrophy in alcoholics with or
without cirrhosis suggest a derangement in steroid hormone balance.
Individuals with chronic liver disease may have disorders of fluid and electrolyte
balance, including ascites, edema, and effusions.
Alterations of whole body potassium induced by vomiting and diarrhea, as well as
severe secondary aldosteronism, may contribute to muscle weakness and can
be worsened by diuretic therapy.

The metabolic derangements caused by metabolism of large amounts of ethanol


can result in hypoglycemia, as a result of impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis, and
in ketosis, caused by excessive lipolytic factors, especially increased cortisol and
growth hormone.

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