Computational Fluid Dynamics and

Heat & Mass Transfer

Chapter 5
Finite Volume Method for
Convection-Diffusion Problems
By
Dr. Kuo-Lun Tung
May 16th, 2006

Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 2

S-S Convection-Diffusion Problems

Steady State Diffusion Problem :

0 =

Steady State Convection-Diffusion Problem :

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 3

S-S Convection-Diffusion Problems

Steady State Convection-Diffusion Problem :

Control Volume Integration :

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 4

FVM for 1-D S-S Convection Diffusion

Steady State Diffusion Problem :

Steady State Convection-Diffusion Problem :

Continuity equation :

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 5

Steps for FVM Analysis

Step 1: Grid Generation

Step 2: Discretization

Step 3: Solution of Equations

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 6

Step 1: Grid Generation

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 7

Step 2: Discretization

f(xk) f ( xk +1 ) f ( xk 1 )
f ' ( xk )
xk +1 xk 1
f(xk+1)
Central difference

xk-1 xk xk+1
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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 8

Step 2: Discretization

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 9

Step 2: Discretization

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 10

Step 2: Discretization

Convective mass flux Diffusion conductance

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 11

Step 2: Discretization

Pe = Peclet number
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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 12

Step 2: Discretization

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 13

Step 2: Discretization

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 14

Step 2: Discretization

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 15

Step 2: Discretization

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 16

Step 2: Discretization

Dw De Copyright 2006 by MPH Lab

 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 17

Step 3: Solution of Equations

TDMA: Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 18

Example : FVM for 1-D S-S

Convection-Diffusion Prob.
L = 1.0m
= 1.0 kg / m 3
= 0.1 kg / m / s

No Heat Source!
Case (1): u=0.1m/s, 5 cells
Case (2): u=2.5m/s, 5 cells
Case (3): u=2.5m/s, 20 cells Copyright 2006 by MPH Lab
 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 19

Solution: FVM for 1-D S-S

Convection-Diffusion Prob.

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 20

Solution: FVM for 1-D S-S

Convection-Diffusion Prob.

For Node 1:

For Node 5:
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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 21

Solution: FVM for 1-D S-S

Convection-Diffusion Prob.

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 22

Solution: Case (1) u=0.1m/s, 5 cells

u = 0.1m / s; F = u = 0.1; D = / x = 0.1 / 0.2 = 0.5

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 23

Solution: Case (1) u=0.1m/s, 5 cells

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 24

Solution: Case (1) u=0.1m/s, 5 cells

Exact Solution:
u = 0.1m / s; F = u = 0.1; D = / x = 0.1 / 0.2 = 0.5; L = 1.0
o = 1.0; L = 0.0

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 25

Solution: Case (1) u=0.1m/s, 5 cells

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 26

Solution: Case (2) u=2.5m/s, 5 cells

u=2.5m/s

5 cells

u=0.1m/s

5 cells
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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 27

Solution: Case (2) u=2.5m/s, 5 cells

Exact Solution:
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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 28

Solution: Case (2) u=2.5m/s, 5 cells

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 29

Solution: Case (2) u=2.5m/s, 5 cells

u=0.1m/s; 5 cells u=2.5m/s; 5 cells

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 30

Solution: Case (3) u=2.5m/s, 20 cells

u=2.5m/s

20 cells

u=2.5m/s

5 cells
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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 31

Solution: Case (3) u=2.5m/s, 20 cells

u=2.5m/s

20 cells

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 32

Solution: Case (3) u=2.5m/s, 20 cells

u=2.5m/s; 5 cells u=2.5m/s; 20cells

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 33

Transportiveness

No convection
No diffusion

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 34

Transportiveness

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 35

Transportiveness

The central differencing scheme introduces influencing at

node P from the directions of all its neighbors,
it does not possess the transportiveness property as
convection over diffusion.

De > Fe/2 Fe/De=Pe<2

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 36

Transportiveness

Pe < 2
L = 1.0m
= 1.0 kg / m 3
= 0.1 kg / m / s
Case (1): u=0.1m/s, 5 cells (x=0.2); Pe = 0.2
Case (2): u=2.5m/s, 5 cells (x=0.2); Pe = 5.0
Case (3): u=2.5m/s, 20 cells (x=0.05); Pe = 1.25
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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 37

Better Schemes for C-D Problems

The major inadequacies of the central differencing

scheme is its inability to identify the flow direction.

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 38

Better Schemes for C-D Problems

) Upwind scheme;
) Hybrid scheme;
) Power-law scheme;
) QUICK scheme.

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 39

Upwind Scheme for C-D Problems

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 40

Upwind Scheme for C-D Problems

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 41

Upwind Scheme for C-D Problems

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 42

Upwind Scheme for C-D Problems

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 43

Upwind Scheme for C-D Problems

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 44

Upwind Scheme for C-D Problems

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 45

Upwind Scheme for C-D Problems

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 46

Example : FVM for 1-D S-S

C-D Prob. by Upwind Scheme
L = 1.0m
= 1.0 kg / m 3
= 0.1 kg / m / s

No Heat Source!
Case (1): u=0.1m/s, 5 cells
Case (2): u=2.5m/s, 5 cells
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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 47

Solution : FVM for 1-D S-S

C-D Prob. by Upwind Scheme

For Node 1:

For Node 5:
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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 48

Solution : FVM for 1-D S-S

C-D Prob. by Upwind Scheme

Central Scheme

Upwind Scheme

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 49

Solution : FVM for 1-D S-S

C-D Prob. by Upwind Scheme
u=0.1m/s; 5 cells

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 50

Solution : FVM for 1-D S-S

C-D Prob. by Upwind Scheme

u=0.1m/s

5 cells

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 51

Solution : FVM for 1-D S-S

C-D Prob. by Upwind Scheme
u=2.5m/s; 5 cells

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 52

Solution : FVM for 1-D S-S

C-D Prob. by Upwind Scheme

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 Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 53

Conclusion

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Chap 5 FVM for Conv-Diff - 54

Homework3: FVM for 1-D S-S

Convection-Diffusion Prob.

) Upwind scheme;
) Hybrid scheme;
) Power-law scheme;

Effects of Pe number and number of Cells

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