Gordon College Olongapo City College of Education, Arts, and Sciences Topic: KERNELIZING SENTENCES AND EXPANDING KERNEL SENTENCES: Prepared by: ROSE ANTONETTE C. RIVERA BSEd- English [11 Submitted to: MR. RUDY ESPOSO II Instructor III )) | (-] ]Gordon College Olongapo City College of Education, Arts, and Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .. Pre-Test. Pre-Activity. Discussion .. What is Kernel Sentence? . Chomsky on Kernels Transformations... Kernel Clauses . Drills. Enhancement... Reinforcement... Meaningful Activity Answer Key.Gordon College Olongapo City College of Education, Arts, and Sciences INTRODUCTION In this module, students will learn about Kernel sentences, its function and PRE-TEST Tell whether the sentence is a Kernel sentence. Drawa ©) if Ker- nel and @) if otherwise. _____1, This is ablack cow. 2. want to go. 3. His engine has stopped, _____4. The singer whom they picked was unattractive 5. Jane does not like the color blue. > PRE-ACTIVITY ~~ Write the simple sentences that could be formed from the sentence below. Complete the diagram by writing your answers inside the circle. Kara and Rita were quarelling because Kara lost the concert ticket.Gordon College Olongapo City College of Education, Arts, and Sciences 2 What is a Kernel Sentence? " kernel sentence — a simple, active, declarstive sentence containing no modkfiers or connectives that may be used in making more elaborate sentences Terminology Guide a Indicative Mode - used to KERNEL SENTENCE make factual statements or to Akernel sentence does not contain any op- pose questions tional expression and is simple In the sense that It is, Voice - tells whether the sub- unmarked in mood, therefore, it is indicative. It is ject of the verb is acted upon _ also unmarked in voice therefore it is active rather or is acting than passive. And, finally, it is unmarked Polarity - refers to the gram- matical system associated iy therefore it is a positive rather than a sentence. An example of a kernel sentence Is with distinguishing between "The man opened the door,’ and an example of a non- positive and negative clauses, kernel sentence is 'The man did not open the door.” Mood - is the form averb That is, it is the simplest of sentences--the takes to show how it is tobe _kernel of the language--, composed of a subject and a regarded (eg, as afact,acom- single verb and sometimes a direct object in the ac- mand,awish, anuncertainty). ve voice and declarative mood. A kernel sentence Is always affirmative | Example: Mary cried. | Subject + | verb 4Gordon College Olongepo City College of Education, Arts, and Sciences ge “Even a sentence with an adjective, gertind or infinitive is not a kernel sen- tence, Therefore the sentence is not kernel. This is a black cow is composed of two kernel sentences: (This is a cow and @The cow is black. (ii) Lsaw them crossing the river is made of I saw them and They were crossing the river. (iil) Fwane to go is made of Iwant and Igo. CHOMSKY ON KERNEL SENTENCES “Every sentence of the language will either belong to the kernel or will be derived from the strings underlying one or more kernel sentences by a sequence of one or more trans- formations. . : “In order to understand a sentence It is necessary to know the kernel sentences from which it originates (more precisely, the terminal strings underlying these kernel sen- tences) and the phrase structure of each of these elementary components, as well as the transformational history of devel- ‘opment of the given sentence from those kernel sentences. The general problem of analyzing the process ‘understanding’ is thus reduced, in a sense, to the problem of explaining how kernel sentences are understood, these being considered the basic ‘content elements’ from which the usual, more complex sentences of real life are formed by transformational development.” TRANSFORMATIONS "A kernel clause which is both a sentence and a simple sentence, like His engine has stopped or The police have impounded his car, is a kernel sentence. Within this model the construction of any other sentence, or any other sentence that consists of clauses, will be reduced to that of kernel sentences wherever possible. 5Gordon College Olongapo City College of Education, Arts, and Sciences Thus the following: The police have i \ded th ich, seemed ‘Transforms of the sentence: Have the police impounded the car which he left out- side the stadium? and so on. It is not a kernel sentence, as it is not simple, But the relative clause, which he left outside the stadium, is a transform of the kernel sentences He left a car outside the stadium, He left the car outside the stadium, He left a bicycle outside the stadium, and so on. When this modifying clause is set aside, the rem: have impounded the car, is itself a kernel sentence. (P. H. Matthews, Syntax. Cambridge University Press, 1981) \der of the main clause, The police KERNEL CLAUSES are essentially the building blocks of a language's sen- tences. Other phrases or clauses, modifying words such as adjectives and adverbs can be added to kernel sentences. The mood can be changed and the negation of the sentence can also be effected. Examples of sentences that are not kernel sentences: 1. Yesterday, Louise ate lunch with friends and visited her favorite restaurant. | Added to kernel sentence are an adverb of time--yesterday, another verb--visited, preposi- tional phrases~with friends, at her favorite restaurant.) 2. The new shoes were chewed by the dog. [The voice is changed to passive since the subject is not the doer of the action.] 3, Jane does not like blue, [The sentence has been made negative] Kernel sentence: |The man investigated the noise, e ‘The tall, dark-haired man investigated the screeching noise. ‘The tall, dark-haired man fearlessly investigated the screeching Tene ‘The tall, dark-haired man from next-door fearlessly investigated the sereeching noise. ‘The tall, darkchaired man from next door, who moved in yester- day, fearlessly investigated the screeching noise which was com: ing from the car. éGordon College Olongapo City College of Education, Arts, and Sciences DRILLS Identity whether the sentence is Kernel or not. Write K for Kernel and N for non-kernel. __1. He gave us money to buy ice cream 2: Johny shoot the ball. _____3, Allison danced rumba. ENHANCEMENT Write three (3) Kernel sen- tences by following the given formula. Subject | VerbGordon College Olongapo City A }: College of Education, Arts, and Sciences Ree” ENHANCEMENT 1. NOW, try expanding your kernel sentence by adding adjective(s) to your noun. Then, identify its kernel sen- K1: The gitl is beautiful K2. The girl loves Math. REINFORCEMENT Complete the Graphic organizer below by Kernelizing the following sentences. Write the Kernel sentence component in the circle inside the funnel. eo My brother read his story to Ella and she liked it then slept in the middle of the story. 8Gordon College Olongapo City College of Education, Arts, and Sciences REINFORCEMENT The following are non-kernel sentences. Find the Kernel Sentence and identify the sentence components which made it non-kernel. Sue gave Mira the present last Tuesday. She lives ina red house. Hera is a pianist and avery talented performer. Marie prepared the meal, a lavish feast with six courses Their staircase with spiral flight of steps, connects the two floors. MEANINGFUL AC’ vaeee VITY Write a three (3) paragraph essay” about your best summer experience, ~~ Identity and write the Kernel sentences in your essay. Do this in a whole sheetIL Gordon College Olongapo City College of Education, Arts, and Sciences ANSWER KEY PRE-ACTIVITY K1: Kara and Rita were quarreling, K2; Kara lost the ticket. (=) K3; It is aticket for con- cert. REINFORCEMENT Ki: My brother read his story. 2: Bila liked it. 3: Blla slept. 1, _ Ki: Sue gave the present ~ the sentence is not kernel because of the Time Adverbial last Tuesday, 2, Ki: Hera is a pianist. K2: Hera is a performen K3: Hera is very talented ~ the sentence is not kernel because it has a lot of modifier 3. Ki: Marie prepared the meal, K2: The meal isa feast FOR ENHANCEMENT Answers may vary. MEANINGFUL ACTIVITY ‘Answers may vary. KG3: The feast is lavish, Ké: The feast has six courses. ~ the sentence is not kernel because ithas a lot of modifier 4. Ki: Theirstairease connects two floors. K2: Their stairease has spiral flight of steps. = the sentence is not kernel becauise It has a lot of modifier 5. K1: She lives, K2: Her house is red. - the sentence is not kernel because of the adjective red biadsdald ky Corre eer ect) http: //www.excellencegatews Ise cacaraetst Ree ta rv aKOe! Airey aren eet Ce ceo f4Acuniee Naan rk-help/discuss-structure ie freee Ete Suen TA ty