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Lecture 5 Binary Codes | PDF | Binary Coded Decimal | Encodings
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Lecture 5 Binary Codes

The document discusses different types of binary codes used to represent numeric and alphanumeric data: - Weighted codes like BCD (8421 code) and non-weighted codes like excess-3 and Gray codes represent decimal numbers using binary digits. - Alphanumeric codes like ASCII and EBCDIC represent both numbers and characters. ASCII uses 7-bit codes while EBCDIC is an 8-bit code. - Error detection codes like parity bits can detect errors during data transmission. BCD is an example weighted code that represents each decimal digit with 4 binary bits in 8421 format.

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Bilal Bilal
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298 views5 pages

Lecture 5 Binary Codes

The document discusses different types of binary codes used to represent numeric and alphanumeric data: - Weighted codes like BCD (8421 code) and non-weighted codes like excess-3 and Gray codes represent decimal numbers using binary digits. - Alphanumeric codes like ASCII and EBCDIC represent both numbers and characters. ASCII uses 7-bit codes while EBCDIC is an 8-bit code. - Error detection codes like parity bits can detect errors during data transmission. BCD is an example weighted code that represents each decimal digit with 4 binary bits in 8421 format.

Uploaded by

Bilal Bilal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Objectives:

1. Binary codes types.


2. BCD code (8421 code).
3. Alphanumeric codes.
4. Excess-3 and Gray code.
5. Parity method for error detection.

1. Binary codes types:

Weighted codes
o BCD (8421)
o 6311
o 2421
o 642-3
o 84-2-1
Non_ Weighted codes
o Excess-3
o Gray
Alphanumeric codes.
o EBCDIC
o ASCII
Error detection codes (Parity).
Weighted codes and non-weighted codes are used to represent
the decimal numbers.
Alphanumeric codes are used to represent the numeric and
nonnumeric data (characters).
Error detection codes are used to detect the errors during
the data transmission.
Weighted codes use 4 binary digits to represent (0-9)
decimal numbers.
2. BCD code (8421 code)
Simplest form: each decimal digit is replaced by its binary
equivalent.

Example1: 937.25 is represented by

937.25

1001 0011 0111 0010 0101

(937.25)= (100100110111.00100101)BCD

This representation is referred to as "Binary-Coded-


Decimal": BCD or more explicitly as 8-4-2-1(8421 code).

Note:
The result is quite different than that obtained by converting the
number as a whole into binary.
Example 2:
85410 = 100001010100(BCD)

BCD is inefficient, e.g. to represent 999 and 999999 bits


needed:
o 10 and 20 in binary numbers
o 12 and 24 for BCD code.

Decimal numbers 8421(BCD) 6311 642-3


0 0000 0000 0000
1 0001 0001 0101
2 0010 0011 0010
3 0011 0100 1001
4 0100 0101 0100
5 0101 0111 1011
6 0110 1000 0110
7 0111 1001 1101
8 1000 1011 1010
9 1001 1100 1111
Example 3: convert 0110100000111001(BCD) to its decimal
equivalent.

Solution:

Divide the BCD number into four-bit groups and convert each to
decimal:

0110 1000 0011 1001

6 8 3 9

0110100000111001(BCD) = 683910

BCD is used in interfacing between a digit device and a human


being, e.g. digital voltmeter (DVM).

Example 4: Convert the following decimal and binary numbers to


BCD.

a) 564810
b) 100011012

Solution:

a) 564810 =0101 0110 0100 1000


b) 100011012=14110=0001 0100 0001

Example 5: convert the BCD number 011111000001 to its


decimal equivalent.

0111 1100 0001BCD = error

Doesnt exist in the BCD Code

3. Alphanumeric codes
A complete alphanumeric code would include the 26
lowercase characters, 26 uppercase characters, 10
numeric digits, etc.
There are many choices of codes sets to represent
alphanumeric characters and several control characters.
Two well accepted code sets are used for information coding:
o EBCDIC code: extended binary coded decimal
interchange code.
o ASCII Code: American standard code for information
interchange: The ASCII code is a seven-bit code, and so it
7
has 2 =128 possible code groups.

Example: Write the ASCII code for the message: The email is

Answer:

1010100 1101000 1100101 1100101 1101101


1100001 1101001 1101100 1101001 1110011
Alphanumeric codes: ASCII and EBCDIC Codes

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