While Statement:
C = (5/9)(F -32)
0 -17
20 -6
40 4
300 148
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* print Fahrenheit-Celsius table for fahr = 0, 20, Comments: explains what program does.
, 300 */ Anything between /* and */, or after // are
ignored by the compiler
int main ( int argc, char * argv[])
{
int fahr, celsius; This is a declaration which announces the
int lower, upper, step; properties of variables; it consists of a type
name and a list of variables.
int means that the variables listed are integers.
lower = 0; /*lower limit of temp table*/ Assignment statements: cause arithmetic to
upper = 300; /* upper limit */ be carried out.
step = 20; /* step size */ Individual statements are separated by
semicolons.
fahr = lower;
while (fahr <= upper) { While loop: loop that repeats one per output
line.
<=, >=, == are to compare.
The condition in parentheses is tested. If it is
true ( fahr <= upper) when the body of the loop
(the 3 statements enclosed in braces) is
executed. Then the condition is retested and if
true, executed again. When the test becomes
false, the loop ends.
celsius = 5 * (fahr-32) / 9;
printf (%d\t&d\n, fahr, celsius); %d specifies an integer argument.
\t is a tab
fahr = fahr + step
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS
}
For Statement
#include <stdio.h>
/* print Fahr-Celsius table */
int main (int argc, char * argv[])
{
int fahr;
for (fahr = 0; fahr <= 300; fahr = fahr + 20)
printf (%3d %6.1f\n, fahr, (5.0/9.0)*(fahr-32);
}
%d print as decimal integer
%6d print as decimal integer, at least 6 characters wide
%f print as floating point
%.2f print as floating point, 2 characters after decimal point
%6.2f print as floating point, at least 6 wide and 2 after decimal point
IF Statement
//To test for leap year >= 1582
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#define START_OF_GREG_CALENDAR 1582
int main ( int argc, char * argv[])
{
int year; scan(%d, &variable)
printf (please enter the year you are interested\n);
scanf (%d, &year);
assert (year >= START_OF_GREG_CALENDAR);
if ((year % 4) == 0) % is the remainder (i.e. the remainder
{ when year divided by 100)
if ((year % 100) == 0) == to compare
{ ==, <=, >= are always used in if and
if ((year % 400) == 0) while statements.
{
printf( IS A LEAP YEAR!\n);
}
else
{
printf (IS NOT A LEAP YEAR!\n)
}
}
else
{
printf( IS A LEAP YEAR!\n);
}
else
{
printf( NOT A LEAP YEAR!\n);
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
isLeapYear function
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int isLeapYear (int year) {
int result;
if (year < 1582)
result = 0;
if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0)
result = 1;
else
result = 0;
return result;
}
int main (int argc, char * argv []) {
int year;
printf ("please enter the year you are interested in\n");
scanf ("%d", &year);
if (isLeapYear(year))
printf ("%d is a leap year!\n", year);
else
printf ("%d is not a leap year!\n", year);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
Swap Function
//Swap Function
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void swap (int *first, int *second) {
int m;
m = *first;
*first = *second;
*second = m;
}
int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {
int first = 1;
int second = 2;
swap (&first, &second);
return first;
}
//Sort 3 numbers
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {
int first, second, third;
int m , n, o;
scanf ("%d %d %d", &first, &second, &third);
if (first > second) {
m = first;
first = second;
second = m;
}
if (first > third) {
n = first;
first = third;
third = n;
}
if (second > third) {
o = second;
second = third;
third = o;
}
printf ("%d\n%d\n%d\n", first, second, third);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
//ROT13
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#define FIRST_L_LETTER 'a'
#define MID_L_LETTER 'm'
#define LAST_L_LETTER 'z'
#define FIRST_U_LETTER 'A'
#define MID_U_LETTER 'M'
#define LAST_U_LETTER 'Z'
char encode (char letter) {
if (letter <= LAST_L_LETTER && letter >= FIRST_L_LETTER) {
if (letter <= MID_L_LETTER) {
letter = letter + 13;
}
else {
letter = letter - 13;
}
}
else if (letter <= LAST_U_LETTER && letter >= FIRST_U_LETTER) {
if (letter <= MID_U_LETTER) {
letter = letter + 13;
}
else {
letter = letter - 13;
}
}
printf ("%c", letter);
return letter;
}
int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {
char letter;
scanf ("%c", &letter);
while (letter) {
scanf ("%c", &letter);
encode (letter);
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
void testEncode (void) {
assert (encode ('A') == ('A'));
assert (encode ('1') == ('1'));
assert (encode (' ') == (' '));
}
Void and while functions
Void Function
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define LINE ******
void printChapter (int chapterNum) {
printf (LINE);
printf ("chapter %d", chapterNum);
printf (LINE);
printf ("\n\n\n");
int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {
printChapter (1);
printChapter (2);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
While Loop
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define LINE "***"
void printChapter (int chapterNum) {
printf (LINE);
printf ("chapter %d", chapterNum);
printf (LINE);
printf (\n\n\n");
}
int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {
int chapterNum;
chapterNum = 1;
while (chapterNum <= 11) { chapterNum = chapterNum + 1;
printChapter (chapterNum); can be replaced with:
chapterNum = chapterNum + 1; chapterNum += 1;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
While loop
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int printWondrous (int start) {
int counter = 1;
while (start != 1) {
counter ++;
if (start % 2 == 0) {
start = start/2;
printf (" %d", start);
}
else {
start = (3*start + 1);
printf (" %d", start);
}
}
if (start == 1) {
printf ("\n");
}
return counter;
}
int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {
int start;
scanf ("%d", &start);
printWondrous (start);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
simpleEncode.c
// simpleEncode.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#define STOP -1
#define ALPHABET_SIZE 27
char encode (char plainChar, char *permutation);
void testEncode (void);
int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {
char permutation[ALPHABET_SIZE];
scanf ("%s", permutation);
char plainChar = getchar();
while (plainChar != STOP) {
int encodedChar = encode (plainChar, permutation);
printf ("%c", encodedChar);
plainChar = getchar();
}
testEncode();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
void testEncode (void) {
assert (encode ('A',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == 'A');
assert (encode ('?',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == '?');
assert (encode (' ',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == ' ');
assert (encode ('\n',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == '\n');
assert (encode ('a',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == 'a');
assert (encode ('m',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == 'm');
assert (encode ('z',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == 'z');
assert (encode ('a',"bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyza") == 'b');
assert (encode ('m',"bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyza") == 'n');
assert (encode ('z',"bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyza") == 'a');
assert (encode ('a',"qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm") == 'q');
assert (encode ('b',"qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm") == 'w');
assert (encode ('z',"qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm") == 'm');
}
char encode (char plainChar, char *permutation) {
char encodedChar;
if ( (plainChar >= 'a') && (plainChar <= 'z') ) {
encodedChar = permutation [plainChar - 'a'];
} else {
encodedChar = plainChar;
}
return encodedChar;
}
