IC Engine Classifications
Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Basics
Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq
Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET)
Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
zahurul@me.buet.ac.bd
http://teacher.buet.ac.bd/zahurul/
ME 401: Internal Combustion Engines
T533
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Spark or Compression Ignition Engines (SIE vs CIE)
T503
Spark initiates the flame in SIE; high compression in CIE
generates high temperature for ignition in CIE.
Part-load efficiency of CIE is better as load is regulated by fuel
injection adjustment; in SIE throttling is used to reduce load
which increases pumping work.
T555 SIEs are high speed engines with higher temperature exhaust.
c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Basics ME 401 (2016) 3 / 16
c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Basics ME 401 (2016) 4 / 16
Four Stroke Reciprocating IC Engine Two Stroke Reciprocating IC Engine
Two stroke cycle events
Four stroke cycle events
c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Basics ME 401 (2016) 5 / 16
c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Basics ME 401 (2016) 6 / 16
4s vs. 2s IC Engines Wankel Four Stroke Rotary SI Engines
T515 T516
Basic difference: 2s engine accomplishes the four processes (intake,
compressing, expansion & exhaust) in a single revolution.
Advantages of 4s engines: better fuel economy, better lubrication
and easier control.
Advantages of 2s engines: fewer moving parts, lighter weight and smooth rotary motion, sealing is critical.
smoother operation.
c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Basics ME 401 (2016) 7 / 16
c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Basics ME 401 (2016) 8 / 16
Engine Cycles
Gas Turbine Four Stroke Reciprocating SI Engine: Otto Cycle
T498
T500
P-v diagram of Otto cycle Cycle with gas-exchange processes
1-2: Isentropic compression from BDC to TDC
T371 2-3: Constant-volume heat addition at TDC
A comparison between the working cycle of a turbo-jet engine and a 3-4: Isentropic expansion from TDC to BDC
piston engine. 4-1: Constant-volume heat rejection at BDC
c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Basics ME 401 (2016) 9 / 16
c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Basics ME 401 (2016) 10 / 16
Engine Cycles Engine Cycles
thermal efficiency, th,otto = 1 1 Actual 4s SI engine cycle vs. Otto cycle
rk1
compression ratio, r = VBDC /VTDC
ratio of specific heat capacities, k = cp /cv
T501 T502
T499
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c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Basics ME 401 (2016) 12 / 16
Engine Cycles Engine Cycles
Air Standard Diesel Cycle
1-2: Isentropic compression from BDC to TDC
2-3: Constant-pressure heat addition at TDC
3-4: Isentropic expansion to BDC
4-1: Constant-volume heat rejection at BDC
T528
T504 T505
h i
1 k 1 V3
thermal efficiency, th,diesel = 1 rk1 k(1) ; cut-off ratio, V2
c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Basics ME 401 (2016) 13 / 16
c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Basics ME 401 (2016) 14 / 16
Engine Cycles Engine Cycles
Air Standard Dual Cycle Comparison: Otto, Diesel & Dual Cycle
T506
1-2: Isentropic compression from BDC to TDC
2-3: Constant-volume heat addition at TDC
3-4: Constant-pressure heat addition at TDC
4-5: Isentropic expansion to BDC
5-1: Constant-volume heat rejection at BDC T603 T509
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