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Bidirectional Visitor Counter using 8051 Microcontroller

AUGUST 29, 2017 BY ADMINISTRATOR 40 COMMENTS

Contents [hide]

1 Construction and Output Video

2 Bidirectional Visitor Counter Circuit Principle
3 Circuit Diagram of Bidirectional Visitor Counter
4 Circuit Components
5 Circuit Design of Bidirectional Visitor Counter using 8051 Microcontroller
6 How to Operate Bidirectional Visitor Counter Circuit?
7 DOWNLOAD CODE
8 Applications of Bidirectional Visitor Counter Circuit
8.1 Limitations of this Circuit
9 Related Articles

This article describes the design and working of a Bidirectional Visitor Counter using 8051
Microcontroller. The main intention is to design a system wherein the number of persons
entering or leaving a room is kept track of and displayed on a screen.

When a person enters the room, count would be increased, whereas on leaving, the count
would decrease. IR sensing mechanism is used to sense the presence of visitors and the
whole counting operation is done by a microcontroller.

But, before going to know about this circuit, get an idea about How to interface a 16 x 2 LCD
Display to 8051 Microcontroller as we are going to use this concept in this project.

Construction and Output Video

Bidirectional Visitor Counter Circuit Principle
The circuit works on the principle of IR sensing. Infrared or simply IR Sensors are devices that
work with Infrared Light Source and a Photo Detector like a Photo Diode or a Photo Transistor
that act as a Transmitter and Receiver respectively.

In this project, we have used an IR LED as the IR Transmitter and a Photo Diode as the IR
Receiver. Two sets of IR sensors consisting of an IR LED and Photo Diode are placed at two
ends of the entrance of a room.

Output from each sensor is fed to the microcontroller. In normal operation, IR light from the
LED would not fall on the Photo Diode as it is a Reflective type IR Sensor. The output from the
sensor would be a logic LOW signal in this case.

In case of any interruption (due to any person crossing the path), the Photo Diode would start
receiving the IR Light and start conducting. As a result, the output from the sensor would be a
logic HIGH signal.

The transition from low to high, for each sensor pair is detected by the microcontroller and
accordingly the count would be increased or decreased.

Do you know how to Measure Frequency using Frequency Counter?

Circuit Diagram of Bidirectional Visitor Counter

Circuit Components
Here is the list of components and their corresponding values used in this circuit.

AT89C51 (8051 based Microcontroller)

8051 Programmer
Push Button
10F Electrolytic Capacitor
2 x 10K Resistors (1/4 Watt)
11.0592 MHz Crystal
2 x 33pF Ceramic Capacitors
16 x 2 LCD Display
10K Potentiometer
2 x IR Sensors (Reflective Type)
Connecting Wires
Power Supply
Keil Vision Software
Willar Software
Proteus

NOTE: A detailed circuit of the IR Sensors (Reflective Type) is mentioned in the Circuit Design
section.

Related Post 2 Digit Up/Down Counter Circuit Working and Applications

Circuit Design of Bidirectional Visitor Counter using 8051
Microcontroller
The heart of the circuit design lies in designing the Microcontroller interface. Here, we used
the Microcontroller AT89C51, which is an 8051 family microcontroller.

The microcontroller AT89C51 is interfaced to the IR sensor pairs at PORT2 pins P2.0 and P2.1
respectively. The following image shows the circuit diagram of the Reflective Type IR Sensor
Module used in this project.

The sensor circuit is designed by selecting appropriate value of resistors for both the LED and
the Photo Diode. A 150 current limiting resistor is placed in series with the IR LED.

Photo Diode is connected in reverse bias with a series resistor of 10K. Photo Diode and 10K
Resistor form a potential divider and the output is given to the non inverting input of the
Operational Amplifier (Op Amp).

A 10K POT is connected at the inverting input. This POT can be adjust in order to change the
sensitivity of the IR Sensor. A 16 x 2 LCD Display is used to display the count values. The data
line of the LCD are connected to PORT1 Pins of the Microcontroller.

The Control Pins i.e. RS, RW and E are tied to P3.6, GND and P3.7 pins. A 10K POT is
connected to contrast adjust pin i.e. Pin 3 of LCD.

Another important aspect of the design involves designing the oscillator circuit and the reset
circuit. The oscillator circuit is designed by selecting an 11.0592 MHz quartz crystal and two
ceramic capacitors each 33pF.

The reset circuit is designed by selecting a resistor of 10K and an electrolyte capacitor of
10F to ensure a reset pulse width of 100ms and reset pin voltage drop of 1.2V.

Buy Detailed Course of Bidirectional Visitor Counter using 8051 Microcontroller @ Just
399/- This course includes

Code
Circuit Diagram
Working
Detailed Explanation of Each component in circuit
Software Installation

How to Operate Bidirectional Visitor Counter Circuit?

Let us now see hoe this Bidiractional Visitor Counter using 8051 Microcontroller actually works.

When the system is powered ON, the microcontroller initially initializes the stack pointer and
all other variables. It then scans the input pins (P2.0 and P2.1).

In the meantime, when there is no object in front of the IR Sensors, the light from the IR LED
would not fall on the Photo Diode of the first sensor pair and hence, the Photo Diode doesnt
conduct.

As a result, the output of the IR sensors is LOW. In other words, ports P2.0 and P2.1 are at logic
LOW level. If there is a person in front of the IR Sensors, IR light from the IR LED reflects from
the person and falls on the Photo Diode.

As a result, the Photo Diode starts conducting and the output of the sensor becomes HIGH. In
other words, the ports P2.0 and P2.1 are at logic HIGH level.

Now when a transition takes place, i.e. a logic HIGH level is received, first at port P2.0 and then
at P2.1, the microcontroller sees this as an interruption to sense the passage or entry of a
person or an object in front of the IR LED and the Photo Diode.

As per the program, the count value is increased and this value is displayed on the 16 x 2 LCD
Display.

If the microcontroller senses logic HIGH, first on the P2.1 and then on P2.0, it assumes that the
person is leaving the room and as per the program, the microcontroller decreases the count
as displays the same on the LCD.
The program ensures that the count is increased or decreased only when both the sensors
detect the person.

DOWNLOAD CODE
Applications of Bidirectional Visitor Counter Circuit
1. The Bidirectional Visitor Counter using 8051 Microcontroller circuit can be used
domestically to get an indication of number of persons entering a party
2. It can be used at official meetings.
3. It can be used at homes and other places to keep a check on the number of persons
entering a secured place.
4. It can also be used as home automation system to ensure energy saving by switching on
the loads and fans only when needed.

Limitations of this Circuit

1. It is a low range circuit and cannot be implemented at large areas.
2. With frequent change in the count value, after a certain time the output may look
confusing.

Note: Read the post Mini Projects for more engineering project circuits.

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Thermometer using Circuit using 8051 8051 Microcontroller
AT89C51 and LM35 Microcontroller
FILED UNDER: 8051 MICROCONTROLLER, ELECTRONICS, EMBEDDED, FREE PROJECT CIRCUITS, MINI PROJECTS

Comments

Administrator says
JUNE 14, 2014 AT 10:03 AM

Here, the value of vcc is 5v.

Reply

aishwarya says
JANUARY 7, 2016 AT 1:04 AM

it very simple and very useful to us

-thank you

Reply

snehalata kanire says

FEBRUARY 11, 2016 AT 1:33 AM

which 7 segment display used in this project? is this common anode or common cathode??

Reply

Anusha says
FEBRUARY 12, 2016 AT 1:22 AM

It is common cathode display

 Reply

Pooja says
FEBRUARY 25, 2016 AT 6:43 AM

If we use common anode does it works .

Reply

Anusha says
FEBRUARY 29, 2016 AT 3:28 AM

Yes it will work but the values given to 7 segment must be changed in code..

Reply

Shivanand rohinkar says

MARCH 17, 2016 AT 7:27 AM

can you give me the code of this circuit

Reply

vincent says
MARCH 8, 2016 AT 4:28 PM

nice work guys

Reply

aman says
MARCH 13, 2016 AT 6:30 AM

what abt the code for this device?

Reply
 aman says
MARCH 13, 2016 AT 6:34 AM

what about the code for this device?

Reply

aman says
MARCH 13, 2016 AT 6:38 AM

what about the code?

Reply

manju says
MARCH 14, 2016 AT 5:27 AM

is it the pratically constructable circuit or a rough one

Reply

Shiv says
MARCH 17, 2016 AT 7:23 AM

can you provide me the program for this circuit

Reply

Shivanand rohinkar says

MARCH 17, 2016 AT 7:25 AM

can you give me the code of this circuit

Reply

Sandesh says
MARCH 22, 2016 AT 9:43 AM

Wer is the code

Reply
 NIHAL RANJAN says
MARCH 23, 2016 AT 1:11 AM

if i use two single digit 7 segment common cathode display in place of 2-Digit 7 segment
common cathode display.will it work?

Reply

Anusha says
MARCH 28, 2016 AT 8:55 AM

yess it will work

Reply

bhushan patil says

MARCH 31, 2016 AT 4:25 AM

plz send code

Reply

NIHAL RANJAN says

MARCH 23, 2016 AT 1:14 AM

if i use two single 7 segment common cathode displace in place of 2-Digit 7 segment
common cathode display.will it work?

Reply

Gaurang says
MARCH 30, 2016 AT 9:41 AM

Which programmer we can use to code AT89c51?

Reply
 bhushan patil says
MARCH 31, 2016 AT 4:24 AM

plz send program code

Reply

Bincy Babu says

APRIL 5, 2016 AT 4:25 AM

please give the program of bidirectional visitor counter using 8051

bincybabu2013@gmail.com

Reply

Bincy Babu says

APRIL 5, 2016 AT 4:30 AM

please give the program of bidirectional visitor counter using 8051 microcontroller

Reply

BincyBabu says
APRIL 5, 2016 AT 9:08 AM

please give the program for bidirectional visitor counter using 8051

Reply

om says
APRIL 18, 2016 AT 8:19 AM

Whare its coding

Reply

om says
APRIL 18, 2016 AT 8:38 AM

Plz give code

Reply
 Sybil Sarah says
APRIL 21, 2016 AT 2:05 AM

where is the code can somebody give me ??

Reply

amani diope says

APRIL 24, 2016 AT 5:34 AM

please i need circuit of noise reduction

Reply

avinash says
APRIL 28, 2016 AT 2:27 AM

plz can anyone suggest program using 8051 microcontroller for bidirectional visitor
counter

Reply

tayyaba says
MAY 27, 2016 AT 11:37 PM

could you please provide the code of this ??

Reply

satish Jadhav says

JUNE 15, 2016 AT 4:13 AM

can you provide software code????

Reply
 Rahul says
JULY 16, 2016 AT 12:24 AM

Which code is used in this project for common cathode 7 segment display?

Reply

rahim says
JULY 30, 2016 AT 8:52 PM

Please send me the code

rkorbo@gmail.com

Reply

shrnn says
JULY 31, 2016 AT 11:27 AM

pls send me the code for this circuit

Reply

Prajakta says
FEBRUARY 26, 2017 AT 5:38 AM

Can I get the code for this circuit?

Reply

Krushndevsinh says
FEBRUARY 27, 2017 AT 5:13 AM

Please send me code

Reply

pooja says
APRIL 30, 2017 AT 3:32 AM

can you provide the code for this project

Reply
 Anusha says
JULY 5, 2017 AT 5:29 AM

Go to this link for code and complete information of the

Project..http://courses.electronicshub.org/p/bidirectional-visitor-counter-using-8051

Reply

Amin says
JUNE 26, 2017 AT 8:44 PM

Sir.. I am interest this project for my thesis design project.. can i get the code every parts of
this project..
I can assure of proving every bit worthy of it. i will give my best to present this project to my
school

Reply

Anusha says
JULY 5, 2017 AT 5:28 AM

Hi,Please learn everything about this project from this link

http://courseshttp://www.electronicshub.org/wp-admin/edit-comments.php?
p=2601#comments-form.electronicshub.org/p/bidirectional-visitor-counter-using-
8051.

Reply

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