Oracle Data Dictionary
The Oracle data dictionary is one of the most important components of the Oracle
DBMS.
It contains all information about the structures and objects of the database such as
tables,
columns,
users,
data files etc.
The data stored in the data dictionary are also often called metadata. Although it is
usually the domain of database administrators (DBAs), the data dictionary is a
valuable source of information for end users and developers.
The data dictionary consists of two levels:
The internal level contains all base tables that are used by the various DBMS
software components and they are normally not accessible by end users.
The external level provides numerous views on these base tables to access
information about objects and structures at different levels of detail.
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Data Dictionary Tables
An installation of an Oracle database always includes the creation of three standard
Oracle users:
SYS This is the owner of all data dictionary tables and views. This user
has the highest privileges to manage objects and structures of an
Oracle database such as creating new users.
SYSTEM is the owner of tables used by different tools such SQL*Forms,
SQL*Reports etc. This user has less privileges than SYS.
PUBLIC This is a dummy user in an Oracle database. All privileges
assigned to this user are automatically assigned to all users known
in the database.
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Data Dictionary Contains...
The tables and views provided by the data dictionary contain information about
users and their privileges,
tables, table columns and their data types, integrity constraints, indexes,
statistics about tables and indexes used by the optimizer,
privileges granted on database objects,
storage structures of the database.
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Viewing the data dictionary
The SQL command
select * from DICT[IOARY];
select * from DICT;
TABLE_NAME COMMENTS
USER_RESOURCE_LIMITS Display resource limit of the user
USER_PASSWORD_LIMITS Display password limits of the user
USER_CATALOG Tables, Views, Synonyms and Sequences owned by the user
ALL_CATALOG All tables, views, synonyms, sequences accessible to the user
USER_CLUSTERS Descriptions of user's own clusters
ALL_CLUSTERS Description of clusters accessible to the user
lists all tables and views of the data dictionary that are accessible to the user. The
selected information includes the name and a short description of each table and
view. Before issuing this query, check the column definitions of DICT[IONARY]
using desc DICT[IONARY] and set the appropriate values for column using the
format command.
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The query
select * from TAB;
retrieves the names of all tables owned by the user who issues this command.
select * from TAB;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
DUMMY TABLE
DENEME TABLE
EMPLOYEE TABLE
EMPINFO TABLE
STORE_INFO TABLE
GEO TABLE
10 rows selected.
5
The query
select * from COL;
CO WI
SC PRECISIO NULL DEFAULTV CHARACTER_SET_NA
TNAME LN CNAME COLTYPE DT
ALE N S AL ME
O H
GEO 2 STORE_NAME VARCHAR2 15 NULL CHAR_CS
GEO 1 REGION_NAME VARCHAR2 10 NULL CHAR_CS
STORE_INFO 3 DDATE DATE 7 NULL
STORE_INFO 2 SALES NUMBER 22 0 5 NULL
STORE_INFO 1 STORE_NAME VARCHAR2 15 NULL CHAR_CS
EMPINFO 6 STATE VARCHAR2 20 NULL CHAR_CS
EMPINFO 5 CITY VARCHAR2 20 NULL CHAR_CS
EMPINFO 4 AGE NUMBER 22 0 3 NULL
EMPINFO 3 SICIL NUMBER 22 0 5 NULL
EMPINFO 2 LAST VARCHAR2 20 NULL CHAR_CS
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Data Dictionary Views
The views provided by the data dictionary are divided into three groups:
USER, ALL , and DBA.
The group name builds the prefix for each view name. For some views, there are
associated synonyms as given in brackets below.
USER : Tuples in the USER views contain information about objects owned by the
account performing the SQL query (current user)
USER TABLES all tables with their name, number of columns,
storage information, statistical information etc.
(TABS)
USER CATALOG tables, views, and synonyms (CAT)
USER COL COMMENTS comments on columns
USER CONSTRAINTS constraint definitions for tables
USER INDEXES all information about indexes created for tables
(IND)
USER OBJECTS all database objects owned by the user (OBJ)
USER TAB COLUMNS columns of the tables and views owned by the user
(COLS)
USER TAB COMMENTS comments on tables and views
USER TRIGGERS triggers defined by the user
USER USERS information about the current user
USER VIEWS views defined by the user
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ALL : Rows in the ALL views include rows of the USER views and all
information about objects that are accessible to the current user. The
structure of these views is analogous to the structure of the USER views.
ALL CATALOG owner, name and type of all accessible tables,
views, and synonyms
ALL TABLES owner and name of all accessible tables
ALL OBJECTS owner, type, and name of accessible database
objects
ALL TRIGGERS ...
ALL USERS ...
ALL VIEWS ...
Retreiving Data Dictionaries:
select * from USER_TABLES ;
select * from USER_COL_COMMENTS;
select * from USER_OBJECTS ;
..
select * from ALL_CATALOG ;
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DBA : The DBA views encompass information about all database objects,
regardless of the owner. Only users with DBA privileges can access these views.
DBA_TABLES tables of all users in the database
DBA_CATALOG tables, views, and synonyms defined in the
database
DBA_OBJECTS object of all users
DBA_DATA_FILES information about data files
DBA_USERS information about all users known in the
database
Retrieving database objects (requires dba privilages):
select * from DBA_TABLES ;
select * from DBA_USERS ;
