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DBM and Dbms | PDF | Relational Model | Databases
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DBM and Dbms

Databases organize related information to support easy access and maintenance. Database management systems (DBMS) allow users to create, modify, and administer databases. Examples of DBMS include Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, and MySQL. The relational data model organizes data into tables of rows and columns, with each row representing a unique record or tuple. Keys like primary keys and foreign keys enforce integrity and define relationships between tables.

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Ashwini Kumar Shukla
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253 views1 page

DBM and Dbms

Databases organize related information to support easy access and maintenance. Database management systems (DBMS) allow users to create, modify, and administer databases. Examples of DBMS include Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, and MySQL. The relational data model organizes data into tables of rows and columns, with each row representing a unique record or tuple. Keys like primary keys and foreign keys enforce integrity and define relationships between tables.

Uploaded by

Ashwini Kumar Shukla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to DBM:

1. Database is a collection of related information that is organized in such a way that


supports for easy access, modification and maintenance of data.
2. The contents of a database are obtained by combining data from all the different
sources in an organization.
3. Generally, the database is managed by some special software packages known as
Database Management Systems (DBMSs).
4. DBMSs are specially designed applications to create connection between user and
program, and to store data in an organized manner.
5. The purpose of DBMSs software is to allow the user to create, modify and administer
database.
6. Examples of database management systems are: Ms-Access, MySQL, PostgreSQL,
SQLite, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, SAP, dBASE, FoxPro, etc.
7. The relational data model is a database model based on first-order predicate logic
(First Order predicate Logic is one where the quantification is over simple variables),
formulated and proposed by Edgar F. Codd. in 1969.
8. In database, a relation means a 'table', in which data are organized in the form of
rows and columns.
9. Therefore in database, relations are equivalent to tables.
10. A domain refers to all the possible unique values of a particular column.
11. Horizontal subset/information (row) in a table is called tuple.
12. The tuple is also known as a 'record', which gives particular information of the
relation (table).
13. Keys enforce integrity and help identify the relationship between tables. They are of
three types:
a. A primary key is a field in the table that uniquely identifies the table records.
The primary key's main features:
i. It must contain a unique value for each row.
ii. It cannot contain NULL values.
b. Candidate Key: Candidate keys are set of fields (columns with unique
values) in the relation that are eligible to act as a primary key.
c. Alternate Key: Out of the candidate keys, after selecting a key as primary
key, the remaining keys are called alternate key.
d. Foreign Key: A foreign key is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that
uniquely identifies a row of another table. In other words, a foreign key is a
column or a combination of columns that is used to establish a link between
two tables
14. The degree is the number of attributes (columns) in a table.
15. Cardinality is number of rows (tuples) in a table.

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