Exam Title : 4) MODERN HISTORY

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QUESTION 1.
The Carnatic Wars were fought between which of the two Powers?

a) Hyderabad and Tanjore

b) British and French
c) British and Marathas
d) French and Mysore
Correct Answer: B
Your Answer: B
Explanation

Solution (b)

There were three Carnatic wars fought between the British and the French. The wars were fought to
maintain their supremacy in India. Finally the British emerged victorious and French were ousted.

QUESTION 2.
Consider the following statements:

1. India’s first major newspaper was ‘The Bombay Gazette’.

2. The first newspaper in India was started by James Augustus Hickey.

3. It was started in English and vernacular.

Which of the following statements are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (b)

Bengal Gazette was an English newspaper published from Kolkata (then Calcutta), India. It was the first
major newspaper in India, started in 1780. It was published for two years. It was founded by James
Augustus Hickey.

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Hicky's Bengal Gazette or the Calcutta General Advertiser was the first English-language newspaper, and
indeed the first printed newspaper, to be published in the Indian sub-continent.

QUESTION 3.
Consider the following statements regarding ‘Drain of Wealth Theory’:

1. It was put forward by Dadabhai Naoroji

2. It was mentioned for the first time in the book, ‘The Economic History of India under Early British Rule’

Which of the above statements are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (a)

Dadabhai Naoroji put forward his theory of ‘Drain of Wealth’ in his book ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in
India’.

It was an economic critique of the British policies in India.

QUESTION 4.
Passage
Consider the following statements regarding ‘Hindu Widow Remarriage Act’:

1. It was drafted by Lord Dalhousie.

2. It was enacted in response of the campaign of Raja Rammohun Roy.

3. The law legalized the re-marriage of Hindu widows as well as gave them the right to inherit their
deceased husband’s property.

Which of the above statements are correct?

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above

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Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: D
Explanation

Solution (c)

The Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856, also Act XV, 1856, enacted on 25 July 1856, legalized the
remarriage of Hindu widows in all jurisdictions of India under East India Company rule was drafted by Lord
Dalhousie in response to the campaign of Ishwar Chand Vidya Sagar.

The law legalized the re-marriage of Hindu widows as well as gave them the right to inherit their deceased
husband’s property.

It created a huge uproar in the orthodox community which believed that British are interfering in their
religious matters.

QUESTION 5.
Which of the following Governor Generals became the first Viceroy of India?

a) Lord Canning
b) Lord Dalhousie
c) Lord Elgin I
d) Lord Lawrence
Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (a)

Lord Canning served as Governor General of India from 1856 to 1862. During his tenure, the Government
of India Act, 1858 was passed which created the office of Viceroy to be held by the same person who was
Governor General of India . Thus, Lord Canning also served as first Viceroy.

QUESTION 6.
Recently Lucky Grahak Yojana and Digi- Dhan Vyapar Yojana were launched. Consider the following
statements

1. The scheme specially focuses on bringing the poor, lower middle class and small businesses into the
digital payment fold.

2. National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI) shall be the implementing agency for this scheme

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3. The scheme excludes transactions through private credit cards and digital wallets

Which of the statements s/are correct?

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Your Answer: D
Explanation

Solution (d)

NITI Aayog announces the launch of the schemes Lucky Grahak Yojana and the Digi- ■■ Vyapar Yojana
to give cash awards to consumers and merchants who utilize digital payment instruments for personal
consumption expenditures. The scheme specially focuses on bringing the poor, lower middle class and
small businesses into the digital payment fold. It has been decided that National Payment Corporation of
India (NPCI) shall be the implementing agency for this scheme. It would be useful to reiterate that NPCI is
a not for profit company which is charged with a responsibility of guiding India towards being a cashless
society.

The primary aim of these schemes is to incentivize digital transactions so that electronic payments are
adopted by all sections of the society, especially the poor and the middle class. It has been designed
keeping in mind all sections of the society and their usage patterns. For instance, the poorest of poor will
be eligible for rewards by using USSD. People in village and rural areas can participate in this scheme
through AEPS. The scheme will become operational with the first draw on 25th December, 2016 (as a
Christmas gift to the nation) leading up to a Mega Draw on Babasaheb Ambedkar Jayanti on 14th April
2017. It will comprise of two major components, one for the Consumers and the other for the Merchants:

a) Lucky Grahak Yojana [Consumers]:

Daily reward of Rs 1000 to be given to 15,000 lucky Consumers for a period of 100 days;

Weekly prizes worth Rs 1 lakh, Rs 10,000 and Rs. 5000 for Consumers who use the alternate modes of
digital PaymentsThis will include all forms of transactions viz. UPI, USSD, AEPS and RuPay Cards but will
for the time being exclude transactions through Private Credit Cards and Digital Wallets.

b) Digi- ■■ Vyapar Yojana[ Merchants]:

Prizes for Merchants for all digital transactions conducted at Merchant establishments

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Weekly prizes worth Rs. 50,000, Rs 5,000 and Rs. 2,500

c) Mega Draw on 14th of April – Ambedkar Jayanti

3 Mega Prizes for consumers worth Rs 1 cr, 50 lakh, 25 lakh for digital transactions between 8th
November, 2016 to 13th April, 2017 to be announced on 14th April, 2017

3 Mega Prizes for merchants worth Rs 50 lakhs, 25 lakh, 12 lakh for digital transactions between 8th
November, 2016 to 13th April, 2017 to be announced on 14th

To ensure that the focus of the scheme is on small transactions (entered into by common people),
incentives shall be restricted to transactions within the range of Rs 50 and Rs 3000. All transactions
between consumers and merchants; consumers and government agencies and all AEPS transactions will
be considered for the incentive scheme.

Source:
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/pay-virtually-get-chance-to-win-prize-money/article94292

QUESTION 7.
Recently , a seaweed ‘ Sargassum zhangii ’ was in news. It is endemic to

a) India
b) China
c) Bangladesh
d) None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Your Answer: D
Explanation

Solution (b)

It is endemic to China but now found in India. It could be through spores transported in ballast water or
through natural dispersion.

Source:
http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/Invasive-algae-species-found-in-Tamil-Nadu/article16789620.ece

QUESTION 8.
The ‘ kafala system’ which was recently abolished by Qatar governs the
a) Migrant Labourers
b) Marriages
c) Water sharing between GCC countries
d) Public assassination

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Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: B
Explanation

Solution (a)

Under “kafala”, all foreign workers working in Qatar require a local sponsor, in the form of an individual or
company, and need their permission to switch jobs or leave the country.

Source:
http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/Qatar-abolishes-%E2%80%98kafala%E2%80%99-labour-system/art

QUESTION 9.
Consider the following statements about International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)

1. ICC was designated as the official business representative in the processes that lead to the creation of
the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

2. ICC is the only business organisation that has been admitted as an Observer at the UN General
Assembly

3. ICC was the first organization granted general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and
Social Council

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Your Answer: C
Explanation

Solution (d)

ICC is the largest, most representative business organization in the world.[1] Its hundreds of thousands of
member companies in over 130 countries have interests spanning every sector of private enterprise.

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ICC has three main activities: rule setting, dispute resolution, and policy advocacy. Because its member
companies and associations are themselves engaged in international business, ICC has unrivalled
authority in making rules that govern the conduct of business across borders. Although these rules are
voluntary, they are observed in countless thousands of transactions every day and have become part of
international trade.

ICC lobbies the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and many other inter-governmental bodies,
both international and regional, on behalf of international business. ICC was the first organization granted
general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.

The United Nations (UN) General Assembly has granted Observer Status to the International Chamber of
Commerce (ICC). It is the first time that a business organisation has been admitted as an Observer at the
UN General Assembly. The list of UN observers is highly restricted and features principally
intergovernmental organisations. This paves way for the business will have direct voice in the UN system
for the first time.

Source:
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/united-nations-general-assembly-grants-o

QUESTION 10.
Consider the following statements

1. ‘One China Policy’ is the diplomatic acknowledgement of the Chinese position that there is only one
China in the world and Taiwan is a part of that China

2. Hong Kong was returned to China in 1997 under “One Country, Two Systems”

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (c)

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"One country, two systems" is a constitutional principle formulated by Deng Xiaoping, the Paramount
Leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC), for the reunification of China during the early 1980s. He
suggested that there would be only one China, but distinct Chinese regions such as Hong Kong and Macau
could retain their own capitalist economic and political systems, while the rest of China uses the socialist
system. Under the principle, each of the two regions could continue to have its own political system, legal,
economic and financial affairs, including external relations with foreign countries.

Deng Xiaoping proposed to apply the principle to Hong Kong in the negotiation with the British Prime
Minister, Margaret Thatcher over the future of Hong Kong when the lease of the New Territories (including
New Kowloon) of Hong Kong to the United Kingdom was to expire in 1997. The same principle was
proposed in talks with Portugal about Macau.

The principle is that, upon reunification, despite the practice of socialism in mainland China, both Hong
Kong and Macau, which were colonies of the UK and Portugal respectively, can retain their established
system under a high degree of autonomy for at least 50 years after reunification. What will happen after
2047 (Hong Kong) and 2049 (Macau) has never been publicly stated.

Source:
http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/china-denies-money-diplomacy-to-enforce-one-china-polic

QUESTION 11.
In 4 th Anglo – Mysore war, Tipu Sultan was conclusively defeated by which of the following Governor
Generals?

a) Warren Hastings
b) John Shore
c) Wellesley
d) Dalhousie
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: C
Explanation

Solution (c)

The circumstances which led to the Fourth Mysore War can be summarized as follows: Tipu Sultan wanted
to avenge his humiliating defeat and the terms imposed on him by the British. He also aimed at making
Mysore a strong state. Tipu worked continuously to secure help to fight British imperialism. He took efforts
to seek the help of the France, Arabia, Kabul and Turkey. He corresponded with the Revolutionary French
Government in July 1798. At Srirangapattinam, a Jacobian Club was started and the flag of the French
Republic was hoisted. The tree of Liberty was also planted.

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Later, when Napoleon came to power, Tipu received a friendly letter from Napoleon (who was in Egypt at
that time). It was at this juncture that Wellesley reached Calcutta with a mind already filled with fear of
Napoleon. Therefore, he prepared for a war against Mysore. As a part of his strategy, Wellesley tried to
revive the Triple Alliance of 1790 with the Marathas. Though his proposal was not accepted by the
Marathas, they promised to remain neutral. However, a Subsidiary Alliance with the Nizam was concluded
by the British and as a consequence, the French force at Hyderabad was disbanded.

Wellesley set out to persuade Tipu to accept a pact of subsidiary alliance and wrote letters requesting the
Tipu to dismiss the French, to receive an English envoy, and to make terms with the Company and its
allies. Tipu paid scant attention to Wellesley’s letters and thus the Fourth Anglo-Mysore war started. The
war was short and decisive. As planned, the Bombay army under General Stuart invaded Mysore from the
west. The Madras army, which was led by the Governor-General’s brother, Arthur Wellesley, forced Tipu to
retreat to his capital Srirangapattinam. Although severely wounded, he fought till his capital
Srirangapattinam was captured and he himself was shot dead.

QUESTION 12.
Which of the following Europeans came to India for the first time by the sea route?

a) Portuguese
b) English
c) Dutch
d) French
Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (a)

Vasco de Gama was the first voyager to find a sea route to India. He was a Portuguese. That opened the
European doors for trade in India.

He landed on Goan coast.

QUESTION 13.
Consider the following statements regarding ‘Subsidiary Alliance’:

1. It was introduced by Lord Dalhousie.

2. Indian ruler had to maintain a contingent of British troops in his territory.

3. The Indian ruler had to keep a British resident at his court.

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4. Satara was the first state to be annexed by ‘Subsidiary alliance’.

Which of the above statements are correct?

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1,2 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Your Answer: B
Explanation

Solution (b)

‘Subsidiary Alliance’ was introduced by Wellesley.

Main Features of Subsidiary Alliance

1. Any Indian ruler who entered into the subsidiary alliance with the British had to maintain a contingent of
British troops in his territory. It was commanded by a British officer. The Indian state was called ‘the
protected state’ and the British hereinafter were referred to as ‘the paramount power’. It was the duty of the
British to safeguard that state from external aggression and to help its ruler maintain internal peace. The
protected state should give some money or give part of its territory to the British to support the subsidiary
force.

2. The protected state should cut off its connection with European powers other than the English and with
the French in particular. The state was also forbidden to have any political contact even with other Indian
powers without the permission of the British.

3. The ruler of the protected state should keep a British Resident at his court and disband his own army. He
should not employ Europeans in his service without the sanction of the paramount power.

4. The paramount power should not interfere in the internal affairs of the protected state.

Note: Satara was annexed by ‘Doctrine of Lapse’, and not ‘Subsidiary Alliance’.

QUESTION 14.
Which of the following states was not annexed by ‘Doctrine of lapse’?

1. Nagpur

2. Jhansi

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3. Udaipur

4. Awadh

Select the code from below:

a) 1 and 2
b) 1,2 and 3
c) 4 only
d) 3 and 4
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: D
Explanation

Solution (c)

Under this doctrine the British arrogated to themselves the right to veto the succession of an adopted heir,
and instead, to annex the territory concerned, although the adopted successor and his heirs were usually
allowed to keep their titles and a substantial annual allowance.

States annexed under this doctrine include:

· Satara (annexed 1848)

· Jaitpur (annexed 1849)

· Sambalpur (annexed 1850)

· Baghat (annexed 1850)

· Udaipur (annexed 1852)

· Jhansi (annexed 1853)

· Nagpur (annexed 1854)

· Karauli (annexed 1855)

You need to remember, that Awadh was not annexed by ‘Doctrine of Lapse’. The Nawab of Awadh by
Ousted by the British by giving a reason of poor administration. Some books have given that it annexed by
‘DoL’, that is an incorrect fact.

QUESTION 15.

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After which of the following battles did the English East India Company got the Diwani rights in Bengal?

a) Battle of Plassey
b) Battle of Buxar
c) Revolt of 1857
d) Carnatic war
Correct Answer: B
Your Answer: B
Explanation

Solution (b)

In battle of Buxar, the East India Company defeated the combined armies of Mughal emperor Shah Alam II,
Mir Qasim the Nawab of Bengal and Shuja ud Daula, the Nawab of Awadh. This battle ended with treaty of
Allahabad and East India Company got the Diwani rights of Bengal from the Mughal Emperor.

QUESTION 16.
Consider the following statements about ‘ Bhabhatron ’

1. It is low cost radiotherapy equipment developed by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

2. India recently gifted Bhabhatron to Mongolia and Kenya

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: D
Explanation

Solution (c)

Bhabhatron - http://www.barc.gov.in/clip/bhabhatron.html

Source: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=155441

QUESTION 17.
The Department of Telecom (DoT) recently launched a portal called ‘ Tarang ’ for
a) Mobile radiation
b) Spectrum management
c) INSAT Mobile Satellite Service (INSATMSS)
d) None of the above

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Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: D
Explanation

Solution (a)

The Department of Telecom (DoT) is set to launch a portal — Tarang — with data on all mobile towers and
transmitters across the country in a month that will allow a user to check the radiation compliance status.

Source:
http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/DoT-to-unveil-portal-on-mobile-radiation-in-a-month/article1689560

QUESTION 18.
Consider the following statements about ‘ Swasthya Raksha Programme’

1. It was launched by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

2. Central Council for research in homoeopathy (CCRH), Central Council For Research in Ayurvedic
Science (CCRA), Central Council For Research and Unani Medicine (CCRUM) along with Central Council
For Research in Siddha (CCRS) collectively will initiate the program

3. The aim of the programme is also to propagate pathya-apathya concept of Ayurveda

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a) 1 and 2
b) 1 and 3
c) 2 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (c)

‘Swasthya Raksha Programme’ launched by the AYUSH Ministry to promote health and health education in
villages

Swasthya Rakshan Program has been initiated through Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic
Sciences (CCRAS), Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), Central Council for

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Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH) and Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS) in selected
districts/ villages with the following aims and objectives:-

· To organize Swasthya Rakshan OPDs, Swasthya Parikshan Camps and Health/Hygiene awareness
programme

· Awareness about cleanliness of domestic surroundings and environment.

· Provide medical aid/incidental support in the adopted Colonies/villages.

· Documentation of demographic information, food habits, hygiene conditions, seasons, lifestyle etc.,
incidence/prevalence of disease and their relation to the incidence of disease.

· Assessment of health status and propagation of Ayurvedic concept of pathya-apathya and extension of
health care services.

Source: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=155555

QUESTION 19.
Which of the following statements about Indian Institute of Skills (IIS) is are incorrect ?

a) It is being opened by the Skill Development Ministry in partnership with the Institute of Technical
Education, Singapore
b) The first IIS is coming up in Kanpur
c) Both ( and (
d) Neither ( nor (
Correct Answer: D
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (d)

Aimed at making India the Skill Capital of the World, Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid foundation stone of
the country's first Indian Institute of Skills (IIS) in Kanpur

The IIS was conceptualised by Modi during his visit to Singapore's Institute of Technical Education.

The institute is being opened by the Skill Development Ministry in partnership with the Institute of Technical
Education, Singapore.

The Ministry has decided to have six such institutes.

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Source:
http://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-to-lay-foundation-of-nations-maiden-indian-institute-of-skills-in-

QUESTION 20.
Consider the following statements about US-India Clean Energy Finance (USICEF)

1. It will deploy up to US$20 million in project preparation support for distributed solar projects that are
under consideration for long-term financing from OPIC

2. Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) in Delhi has been selected as its secretariat

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: B
Explanation

Solution (c)

The India government and the US Government’s development finance institution, the Overseas Private
Investment Corporation (OPIC), have launched a US$20 million finance initiative to fund renewable energy
projects in India.

The US-India Clean Energy Finance (USICEF) scheme has received funding from multiple foundations as
well as the Indian government, while the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) in Delhi has been selected as its
secretariat.

USICEF will deploy up to US$20 million in project preparation support for distributed solar projects, that are
under consideration for long-term financing from OPIC. This will help developers secure capital to scale up
their businesses.

Source: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=155588

QUESTION 21.
Which of the following classes did not participate in the 1857 revolt?

1. Princes

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2. Peasants

3. Modern Zamindars

4. Western Educated Indians

5. Sepoys

Select the code from the following:

a) 1,2 and 5
b) 3 and 4
c) 4 only
d) 2,3 and 4
Correct Answer: B
Your Answer: B
Explanation

Solution (b)

Modern Zamindars had their authority because of the British. If British Government was removed, the old
zamindars would have been reinstated. So they supported the British.

Western Educated Indians believed that British government will bring progressive thoughts and
development in the country. According to them revolt was a regressive step which will take India back in
the medieval ages.

QUESTION 22.
Which of the following factors led to the failure of the revolt?

1. Miscommunication between several leaders

2. Outdated weapons of Indians

3. Lack of support from some social classes

Select the code from below:

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above

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Correct Answer: D
Your Answer: D
Explanation

Solution (d)

Factors responsible for the failure of revolt:

· Restricted to northern India. Lack of unity as modern nationalism was yet to born in India

· Certain classes did not join – Big Zamindars, Rulers etc (These zamindars were the new zamindars who
were appointed by the British. Since they derived their power from British authority, they were loyal to
British.)

· Modern educated Indians viewed the revolt as backward and violent + they hoped British Rule would bring
modernization of Indian Society

· Indian soldiers were poorly equipped

· Revolt was poorly organized + no coordination

· No long term perspective and political goals

QUESTION 23.
Which of the following acts established the direct rule of British crown over India?

a) Government of India Act, 1858

b) Pitts India Act
c) Indian Councils Act 1813
d) Indian Councils Act 1833
Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (a)

The revolt of 1857 gave a jolt to the British Government in India as well as in England. In England it was
perceived as the failure of administration by the East India Company and law was passed in the British
legislature to bring the government of India directly under the Crown’s rule.

A new post of Secretary of State was established which was responsible for the Indian government. Also,
the Governor General of India became the Viceroy of India.

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QUESTION 24.
Which of the following changes were made by the British Government in the Indian Army after the revolt of
1857?

1. The proportion of Europeans to Indians in the army was decreased.

2. The crucial branches of artillery, tanks and armored corps were put exclusively in European hands.

3. The Indian battalions were reorganized on the basis of religion, caste and tribe.

4. Indians were not promoted to the higher posts. They could not reach above the post of Subedar .

Select the code from below:

a) 1,2 and 3
b) 2,3 and 4
c) 1,3 and 4
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Your Answer: B
Explanation

Solution (b)

Changes in the army : The Indian army was carefully re-organised after 1858, most of all to prevent the
recurrence of another revolt. Firstly, the domination of the army by its European branch was carefully
guaranteed. The proportion of Europeans to Indians in the army was raised. The European troops were
kept in key geographical and military positions. The crucial branches of artillery, tanks and armored corps
were put exclusively in European hands. The Indians were strictly excluded from the higher posts. Till
1814, no Indian could rise higher than the rank of a subedar. Secondly, the organization of the Indian
section of the army was based on the policy of ‘divide and rule’ so as to prevent its chance of uniting again
in an anti-British uprising. A new section of army like Punjabis, Gurkhas and Pathans were recruited in
large numbers.

QUESTION 25.
Santhal revolt was led by which of the following leaders?

a) Sidhu and Kanhu

b) Birsa Munda
c) Chakra Besoi
d) Sewaram

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Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: B
Explanation

Solution (a)

Santhals are the tribals of Chota Nagpur plateau and Rajmahal hills. Santhal revolt was directed against
the ‘Dikus’ (the outsiders) which included money lenders, zamindars, police etc. They perceived them as
the direct reasons of their misery.

This was one of the bloodiest tribal revolts of the country and was crushed violently by the British. Finally
the revolt led to the formation of a new district called Santhal Pargana. The revolt was led by Sidhu and
Kanhu.

QUESTION 26.
Consider the following statements about ‘Axial Seamount’

1. It is the youngest volcano and current eruptive centre of the Cobb- Eickelberg Seamount chain

2. It is caused by the movement of two tectonic plates in the region that are gradually spreading apart

Select the correct statements

a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (c)

Scientists record live video of underwater volcanic eruption which had erupted last year (2015) and twice in
the past in 1998 and 2011. Axial Seamount is the world’s most active and studied underwater volcano,
located at 300 miles from Oregon coast, rising from Juan de Fuca Ridge. Axial Seamount is caused by the
movement of two tectonic plates in the region that are gradually spreading apart (divergent plate margin).
The convergent plate margin is located between the North American Plate and Juan de Fuca Plate. Axial
Seamount is the youngest volcano and current eruptive center of the Cobb-Eickelberg Seamount chain.

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In News -
http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/scientists-record-live-video-of-underwater-volcanic-eruptio

QUESTION 27.
Which of the following countries forms the part of Greater Mekong Sub region (GMS)?

a) Vietnam
b) Cambodia
c) Myanmar
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Your Answer: C
Explanation

Solution (d)

The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) is a natural economic area bound together by the Mekong River,
covering 2.6 million square kilometers and a combined population of around 326 million.

The GMS countries are Cambodia, the People's Republic of China (PRC, specifically Yunnan Province and
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Myanmar, Thailand,
and Viet Nam.

Source:
http://www.livemint.com/Science/CG2CoO6hRmOLZ5EWwcOEQM/Rainbowheaded-snake-among-163-species-d

QUESTION 28.
Consider the following statements about Seahorses

1. They swim upright, not horizontally

2. They can change colours to camouflage themselves

3. They lack tail and pelvic fins

4. The males carry and give birth to babies

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a) 1, 3 and 4
b) 1, 2 and 4
c) 1, 2, 3 and 4
d) 2, 3 and 4

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Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: B
Explanation

Solution (c)

Peculiarities of Seahorses

· Males, not females, carry and give birth to babies.

· They swim upright, not horizontally.

· They have horse-like heads, tube-like snouts and no teeth.

· They have grasping tails to grip seagrasses and corals to avoid being swept away by currents.

· Their bodies are covered in bony plates.

· Unlike most fish, they lack tail and pelvic fins.

· Their eyes work independently, letting them look forward and backward simultaneously.

· They can change colours to camouflage themselves.

Source:
http://www.livemint.com/Science/0XMciIFYiqRwnMG03YVSAM/Seahorse-genetic-secrets-unveiled.html

QUESTION 29.
Consider the following statements about ‘Ceres’

1. Ceres is the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter after Vesta.

2. Ceres is about 10% water which is frozen into ice according to NASA

Select the appropriate code:

a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: B

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Your Answer: D
Explanation

Solution (b)

NASA’s Dawn spacecraft has been orbiting Ceres, the largest of thousands of rocky bodies located in the
main asteroid belt, since March 2015 following 14-month study of Vesta, the second-largest object in the
asteroid belt.

The studies show that Ceres is about 10% water, now frozen into ice.

Source:
http://www.livemint.com/Science/eIaoCfY82QKHIVZWia2FKK/Nasa-study-says-dwarf-planet-Ceres-is-flush-with

QUESTION 30.
Consider the following statements about Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology (APCTT)

1. It is a Regional Institution of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the
Pacific (UNESCAP) servicing the Asia-Pacific region

2. The Centre is headquartered in New Delhi with host facilities provided by the Government of India

3. All member states and associate members of UNESCAP are de facto members of APCTT

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Your Answer: C
Explanation

Solution (d)

APCTT is a United Nations Regional Institution under the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and
the Pacific (ESCAP).The Centre was established in 1977 in Bangalore, India. In 1993, the Centre moved to
New Delhi, India. APCTT promotes transfer of technology to and from small- and medium-scale enterprises
(SMEs) in Asia and the Pacific. APCTT implements development projects funded by international donors
aimed at strengthening the environment for technology transfer among SMEs in Asia and the Pacific; in this

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respect the Centre makes special efforts to encourage more participation of women in the field of
technology. APCTT undertakes consultancy assignments in various technology transfer related areas
(institution building, human resources development, studies, business partnership development).The
objective of APCTT is to strengthen the technology transfer capabilities in the region and to facilitate
import/export of environmentally sound technologies to/from the member countries. All member states and
associate members of UNESCAP are de facto members of APCTT.

Source:
http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-efforts-to-isolate-pakistan-india-bangladesh-iran-pull-out-of-key-regional-

QUESTION 31.
Which of the following are associated with Raja Rammohun Roy?

1. Atmiya Sabha

2. Brahmo Samaj

3. Sambad kaumudi

4. Mirat ul Akbar

Select the code from following:

a) 1,2 and 3
b) 1 and 2
c) 2,3 and 4
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Your Answer: B
Explanation

Solution (d)

Key Events of Raja Rammohun Roy’s life:

In 1815, he established the Atmiya Sabha, a precursor in the socio-religious reforms in Bengal.

In 1817, he founded Mahapathshala (Hindu College) at Kolkata along with Radhakanta Deb and others. It
was renamed as Presidency College in 1855 and was upgraded as full university recently in 2010.

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In 1821, He launched a Bengali weekly newspaper Sambad Kaumudi. Sambad Kaumudi was first Indian
newspaper edited, published and managed by Indians.

In this newspaper, he wrote on subjects such as freedom of press, induction of Indians into higher services
and separation of judiciary with executive.

In 1822, he published a Persian newsmagazine titled Mirat-ul-Akbar.

His other Persian works include Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin (Gift to Monotheists) and Manazarutul Adyan {a
discussion in Persian on various religions} He translated some parts of Vedanta texts and also the Kena
Upanishad.

In 1828, he launched Brahmo Sabha with Devendranath Tagore. By 1828, he had become a well known
figure in India.

In 1830, he had gone to England as an envoy of the Mughal Emperor, Akbar Shah II, who invested him
with the title of Raja to the court of King William IV.

He was expected to represent to the British sovereign the inadequacy of the pension granted to the Mughal
emperor. He was well received in various circles in England, where he stayed for three years and died of
meningitis there on September 27, 1833.

QUESTION 32.
Who of the following social reformers published a set of notes on “ Infant Marriage and Enforced
Widowhood.”

a) Ishwarchand Vidyasagar
b) Raja Rammohun Roy
c) Bahramji Malabari
d) Swami Dayananada
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (c)

What propelled Malabari to prominence across India and prompted his first visit to Britain in 1890 was what
reformers in Victorian England and India called 'the problem of Hindu women,” that is, his ardent advocacy
for social reform with regards to child marriage and the remarriage of widows. In August 1884, Malabari
published a set of Notes on Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, that he sent to 4,000 leading
Englishmen and Hindus. In it, Malabari deplored the "social evil" of "baby marriage" and demanded

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legislature to prevent it. Similarly on the issue of remarriage for widows, Malabari criticised the Hindu
practice of prohibiting it, and he placed the blame squarely with that religion's "priestly class" and the
"social monopolists" (i.e. the Brahmin caste) for their "vulgar prejudices." Although acknowledging that
many educated Hindus deplored the practice, he repeatedly argued that it was due to inaccurate
interpretation of scripture by "the greedy priests" and base Hindu "superstition" that caused "a girl after ten
[to be treated as] a serpent in the parents' house." His "notes" were the prelude to an emotionally charged
discussion that occupied the press for over seven years and made Malabari "one of, if not the most
influential" Indian social reformer of his time.

QUESTION 33.
Consider the following statements regarding ‘Swadeshi movement’ of 1905:

1. It was the first Gandhian Movement.

2. It was triggered because of the partition of Bengal.

3. There was large scale participation of peasants in picketing foreign.

Which of the above statements are incorrect?

a) 1 only
b) 1 and 3
c) 2 only
d) 2 and 3
Correct Answer: B
Your Answer: D
Explanation

Solution (b)

Swadeshi movement was the first mass movement of India. I was triggered by the decision of Government
to divide Bengal. According to the government this step was taken for the administrative convenience as
Bengal was a big presidency. But the actual reason was to divide and Rule.

Most of the Indian intelligentsia was from Bengal and they used to criticize British policies. The division was
made in such a way that the Bengali speaking Muslim majority went to the Eastern Bengal and in West
Bengal, Bengali speaking people became a minority with Hindi and Oriya speaking people.

The point to be remembered is that, that this was an urban movement. So there was no participation of
peasants.

Note: Till now Mahatma Gandhi hadn’t come in the picture of Indian Independence Struggle.

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QUESTION 34.
Consider the following statements regarding the Indigo revolt of Bengal:

1. It was a very violent revolt against the indigo planters.

2. The modern educated middle class supported the peasants.

3. Finally government issued a notification that farmers cannot be forced to grow indigo.

Which of the above statements are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Your Answer: C
Explanation

Solution (b)

The revolt began from Govindpur village in Nadia district of Bengal where Biswas brothers gave up indigo
cultivation. This was followed by a struggle with the Lathiyals and revolt spread in many parts of Bengal.
Strikes, legal actions, violence, social boycott of planters etc. were some of the tools used in the revolt.
Peasant organization to some extent, Hindu Muslim Unity, support from Bengal intelligentsia made the
revolt more effective. Finally, Indigo commission was appointed which held the planters guilty, and
criticized them for the coercive methods they used with indigo cultivators. The company asked ryots to fulfill
their existing contracts but also told them that they could refuse to produce indigo in future. This was a big
relief for the peasants and gradually the plantations of Indigo came to an end in Bengal.

The revolt was largely non – violent with very few incidents. The key leaders of this revolt were Biswas
Brothers of Nadia {Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas}, Kader Molla of Pabna, Rafique Mondal of Maida
etc.

The plight of these indigo farmers have been depicted by Deen Bandu Mitra’s Bengali play, ‘Neel Darpan’.

QUESTION 35.
Which of the following statements regarding Arya Samaj are correct?

1. It was founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati .

2. It was a Hindu reform movement which denounced idolatry and ritualistic worship.

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3. It believed in infallible authority of Vedas.

Select the code from below:

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Your Answer: D
Explanation

Solution (d)

Dayanand Saraswati was a Hindu religious leader who founded the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform
movements of the Vedic tradition. He was also a renowned scholar of the Vedic lore and Sanskrit
language. He was the first to give the call for Swaraj as "Indian for India" – in 1876, later taken up by
Lokmanya Tilak. Denouncing the idolatry and ritualistic worship prevalent in Hinduism at the time, he
worked towards reviving Vedic ideologies. He was a sanyasi (ascetic) from boyhood, and a scholar, who
believed in the infallible authority of the Vedas.

QUESTION 36.
The latest “Doing Business” report, which ranks 190 nations on how easy it is for companies to follow
regulations, has India ranked 130 th . It is released by

a) World Economic Forum

b) World Bank
c) World Trade Organisation
d) None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Your Answer: C
Explanation

Solution (b)

India’s ranking in the World Bank’s annual Doing Business survey improved by just one notch to 130 in its
2017 report from a revised rank of 131 last year, highlighting a gap between policy measures and their
implementation.

Source:
http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/suresh-subudhi-abhishek-gopalka-a-lesson-in-doing-busines

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QUESTION 37.
Consider the following statements about Hypoxic Zones/Dead Zones

1. They are areas in the ocean of such low oxygen concentration that animal life suffocates and dies

2. It supports microbial processes that remove vast amounts of nitrogen from the ocean

3. Dead zones are reversible if their causes are reduced or eliminated

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Your Answer: C
Explanation

Solution (d)

Hypoxic zones are areas in the ocean of such low oxygen concentration that animal life suffocates and
dies, and as a result are sometimes called "dead zones."

The Bay of Bengal hosts a 'dead zone' of an estimated 60,000 square kilometres - an area that contains
little or no oxygen and supports microbial processes that remove vast amounts of nitrogen from the ocean,
scientists including those from India have found.

Removing more nitrogen from the oceans could affect the marine nitrogen balance and rates of marine
productivity.

Read More - https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ocean-dead-zones/

The Dead Zone (Video Visualization) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8ae2vq45eA

Source: http://www.deccanherald.com/content/587379/huge-dead-zone-found-bay.html

QUESTION 38.
Consider the following statements about ‘ Chillai Kalan’

1. Chillai -Kalan, is the 40-day period of harsh winter in Kashmir

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2. It is followed by a 20-day long Chillai-Khurd (small cold) and a 10-day long Chillai-Bachha (baby cold)

3. The chances of snowfall are most frequent and maximum in Chillai-kalan

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Your Answer: D
Explanation

Solution (d)

Chillai-Kalan, is the 40-day period of harsh winter in Kashmir. Chillai-Kalan begins from December 21 and
ends on January 31 next year.

Chillai-Kalan is followed by a 20-day long Chillai-Khurd (small cold) that occurs between January 31 and
February 19 and a 10-day long Chillai-Bachha (baby cold) which is from February 20 to March 2.

The chances of snowfall are most frequent and maximum in Chillai-kalan.

During Chillai-Kalan, the weather in Kashmir valley continues to remain dry and cold with minimum
temperatures hovering below the freezing point.

Source:
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Kashmir-braces-for-%E2%80%98Chillai-Kalan%E2%80%99/a

QUESTION 39.
‘ TanSat ’, a carbon monitoring satellite was launched by

a) Japan
b) India
c) United States of America
d) None of the above
Correct Answer: D
Your Answer: D
Explanation

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Solution (d)

It is China’s satellite to monitor carbon dioxide levels.

It is the third country after USA and Japan to track the potent contributor to global warming from space.

TanSat will “trace the sources of greenhouse gases and help evaluate whether countries are fulfilling their
commitments” to reduce pollutants under environmental pacts.

The US and China are together responsible for some 40% of the world’s emissions, so their participation in
the agreement is crucial for its success.

China is the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, due to its heavy reliance on coal to provide
electricity to its population of 1.37 billion.

Source: http://www.livemint.com/Science/hsWHbHDbrUciTT03V9SH5K/China-launches-
satellite-to-monitor-carbon- dioxide.html

QUESTION 40.
The ‘ Khanjar ’ an annual joint military exercise is held between India and

a) Kazakhstan
b) Turkmenistan
c) Kyrgyzstan
d) Uzbekistan
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: C
Explanation

Solution (c)

Source:
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/india-kyrgyzstan-initiate-bilateral-investment-treaty-talks/article943

QUESTION 41.
Consider the following statements regarding Illbert Bill:

1. The Bill was introduced by Lord Rippon.

2. It was widely opposed by the Indians as it was increasing the racial discrimination in Indian Judiciary.

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3. Finally it was passed in 1884 as the Criminal Procedure Code Amendment Act.

Which of the above statements are correct?

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (c)

The bill was introduced in 1883 by Viceroy Ripon, who actually desired to abolish the racial prejudice from
the Indian Penal Code. Ripon had proposed an amendment for existing laws in the country and to allow
Indian judges and magistrates the jurisdiction to try British offenders in criminal cases at the District level.

It was never allowed before. So naturally, the Europeans living in India looked it as a Humiliation and the
introduction of the bill led to intense opposition in Britain as well as India (by the British residents). So it was
withdrawn but was reintroduced and enacted in 1884 in a severely compromised state.

QUESTION 42.
Which of the statements regarding ‘Indian Councils Act 1892’ are correct?

1. The members were allowed to discuss on the budget without the right to vote on it.

2. A system of indirect elections was introduced to elect the members of the councils.

Select the code from the following:

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: A
Explanation

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Solution (c)

Salient Provisions of Indian Councils Act 1892:

The act provided for additional members in the central as well as provincial legislative councils.

Central Legislative Council → minimum 10, maximum 16 Bombay → 8 Madras → 20 Bengal → 20 North
Western province →15 Oudh →15

The powers of the legislative councils were increased. The members could now discuss the budget without
right to vote on it. They were also not allowed to ask supplementary questions.

They could ask questions on domestic matters with prior permission of the Governor General. They were
also allowed to ask questions on public interest.

The Governor General in Council was empowered to make rules for nomination of the members subject to
approval of Secretary of State for India.

A system of indirect elections was introduced to elect the members of the councils. The universities, district
board, municipalities, zamindars and chambers of commerce were empowered to recommend members to
provincial councils.

Functions of the provincial legislative councils were enlarged and they were empowered to make new laws
or repeal the old ones with the prior permission of Governor General.

Governor General was empowered to fill the seat in the case of Central legislative and by the Governor in
the case of provincial legislature.

QUESTION 43.
The first Population census of India was held in:

a) 1872
b) 1881
c) 1891
d) 1901
Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: B
Explanation

Solution (a)

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A systematic and modern population census, in its present form was conducted non synchronously
between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of the country. This effort culminating in 1872 has been popularly
labelled as the first population census of India However, the first synchronous census in India was held in
1881. Since then, censuses have been undertaken uninterruptedly once every ten year.

QUESTION 44.
Pabna revolt was a peasant revolt in Bengal which is considered to be different from other contemporary
revolts. Which of the following statements regarding the revolt are correct?

1. The Pabna rebellion was well organized in comparison to other peasant rebellions

2. The Peasants took legal course of action against the British Government

3. The movement was totally non-violent

Select the code from below:

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (a)

This movement began as the peasants organised an agrarian league in May 1873 to resist the demands of
the zamindars. Pabna (now in Bangladesh) was a jute production and trading centre and was relatively
prosperous. Here half of the cultivators had managed to win occupancy rights because of the Bengal
Tenancy Act, 1859. But the zamindari rents had increased multiple times. The zamindars tried to stop the
peasants to get occupancy right and this was a reason of revolt there.

In the above question, the first statement is correct because the peasants were much more organised than
in other revolts via meetings, appeals and marches. The second statement is also correct as they moved to
the court and challenged the zamindars. They also raised funds to pay for legal expenses. To meet the
cost of legal battle, the peasants even raised funds.

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The third statement is not correct. The movement was nonviolent to some extent but Zamindars were killed
at some places and violence did happen.

QUESTION 45.
Consider the following:

Revolt Leader

1. Chuar Revolt Raja Jagannath

2. Kond Revolt Bisoi

3. Munda Birsa Munda

Which of the above are correctly matched?

a) 3 only
b) 1 and 2
c) All of the above
d) None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (c)

The Chuar Revolt:

The Chuars lived in Jungle Mahal of north-western Midnapur. Basically farmers and hunters, they also
worked as paiks under local zamindars. They received tax-free land instead of salaries.

When the Company imposed huge tax burden on zamindars, they revolted, and the paiks and Chuars
joined in. The uprising continued for around three decades from 1768-69 to 1799.

• In 1768, Jagannath Singh, the zamindar of Ghatshila or the king of Dhalbhum, first went up in arms,
backed by local zamindars, and 50,000 Chuars. The frightened government returned the zamindari to
Jagannath.
• In 1771, Chuars rose again, led by Dhadkar Shyamganjan. They failed this time.
• The third phase of rebellion was in 1783-84 and 1789-90.
• The most significant uprising was the Durjol Singh led revolt in 1789-90 which was brutally put down by
the government. Prof. Narahari Kabiraj says, “The revolt covered Midnapur, Bankura, Birbhum and

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Dhalbhum. It was a spontaneous and extensive uprising of poor and lower classes. Peasants were the
pillars of this movement.”

The Kond tribe revolted in Orissa under leadership of chief Bisoi.

Munda Tribe of Chota Nagpur plateau revolted under the leadership of Birsa Munda.

QUESTION 46.
It was believed that in order to avoid another political crisis like 1857, a vent was required to channelize the
discontent of Indians. For this, the retired Civil Servant A O Hume, founder the Indian National Congress.
This theory is called:

a) Safety Valve Theory

b) Political Theory of India
c) Lightening Conductor theory
d) Energy Vent Theory
Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (a)

The concept of Safety Valve Theory says that the British had seen the political situation in the country
leading to another rebellion on the lines of the Mutiny of 1857; and they wished to avoid such a situation.
So, they wanted to provide a platform to the people, where they could discuss their political problems.
Indian National Congress was founded by a Retired Civil Servant and not by any Indian. It was said that the
INC was started by Viceroy Lord Dufferin with the help of an ex Civil Services member as a “Safety Valve”
against the popular discontent.

QUESTION 47.
Who of the following was the first President of Congress?

a) W C Bannerji
b) Dadabhai Naoroji
c) Pherozshah Mehta
d) Badruddin Tayyabji
Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (a)

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Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee was the first president of the Congress; the first session was held from 28–31
December 1885, and was attended by 72 delegates.

QUESTION 48.
Who of the following called Congress as the party of ‘Bengali Bhadralok ’ i.e. Bengali Elite?

a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

b) Lala Lajpat Rai
c) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
d) Aurobindo Ghosh
Correct Answer: C
Your Answer: C
Explanation

Solution (c)

Syed Ahmad Khan opposed the congress in its initial phase, and called it an elitist party comprised of only
Bengali Brahmans and elites. He urged Muslims to concentrate on education rather than joining Congress
(Politics).

QUESTION 49.
Congress session of 1906 was a landmark session. Which of the following statements are correct about it?

1. It was held in Calcutta and was presided by Dadabhai Naoroji .

2. Resolution of Swaraj was taken in this session.

3. The congress got split into moderates and extremists.

Select the code from below:

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (a)

The split of Congress into extremists and moderates happened in Surat Session of 1907.

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In 1906, the session at Calcutta was presided by Dada Bhai Naoroji. The moderates chose Dada Bhai
Naoroji to preside the Congress. Dada Bhai Naoroji, the Grand Oldman of India was respected by the
moderates and extremists alike. But, in this session, the congress was compelled by the extremists to
adopt following resolutions which were accepted by the moderates with half heart. These were as follows:

· Resolution on Partition of Bengal

· Resolution of Self Government (Swaraj)

· Resolution on Swadeshi

· Resolution on Boycott.

QUESTION 50.
Consider the following statements:

1. Extremists were led by Lok Manya Tilak , Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal.

2. They believed in arm revolution to independent India.

Which of the above statements are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: A
Your Answer: A
Explanation

Solution (a)

The basic difference between moderates and extremists was that, the moderates were confined to the
constitutional methods of appeals and petitions and believed that benevolent British Government will listen
to them. Extremists did not have a faith over British crown. They retorted to extra – constitutional methods
like boycotts and bands. You need to remember that extremists also did not support violence and killing.

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