II Nivel de Ingles. Prof: Vanessa R. De Costantino Discourse markers.

To add a point:

and, also, as well as, moreover, too, furthermore, additionally, in addition to, at
the same time, again, too, equally important, in addition, likewise, above all,
most of all, least of all, and, either…or, neither…nor, nevertheless, to continue,

‘Cause and effect’:

because, so, therefore, thus, consequently, hence, as a result,

Sequence:

First, in the first place, at first, once, once upon time, to begin with, at the
beginning, starting with, initially, from this point, earlier, second, secondly, in the
second place, next, the next time, then, after that, following that, subsequently,
on the next occasion, so far, later on, third, in the third place, consequently, last,
last of all, at last, at the end, in the end, final finally, to finish, to conclude, in
conclusion,

Repetition:

All in all, altogether, in brief, in short, in fact, in particular, that is, in simpler
terms, to put it differently, in other words, again, once more, again and again,
over and over, to repeat, as stated, that is to say, to retell, to review, to rephrase,
to paraphrase, to reconsider, to clarify, to explain, to outline, to summarize

To generalize:

on the whole, in general, generally, as a rule, in most cases, broadly speaking, to

1
 II Nivel de Ingles. Prof: Vanessa R. De Costantino Discourse markers.

To illustrate:

For example, as an example, for instance, in this case, in the case of, to illustrate,
Cause and effect
as illustrated by, as revealed by, to show, to demonstrate, in particular, such as,
namely, for one thing, indeed, in other words, to put it in another way, thus, to
explain, suppose that, specifically, to be exact, i.e.,

To concede:

it is true that, of course, after all, no doubt, naturally, I grant you, it may well be,
although this may be true, although, to admit, to confess, to agree, in accord
with, I allow, I accept,

To conclude or summarise:

To conclude, in conclusion, to close, last of all, finally, to end, to complete, to

To compare:

As, as well as, like, in much the same way, resembling, parallel to, same as,
identically, of little difference, equally, matching, also, exactly, similarly,
similar to, in comparison, in relation to

To express attitude:

Frankly, honestly, I think, I suppose, after all, no doubt, I’m afraid, actually, as a
matter of fact, to tell the truth, unfortunately, I believe, in my opinion, To be
truthful, 2
 II Nivel de Ingles. Prof: Vanessa R. De Costantino Discourse markers.

To contrast, disagree and ‘qualify’:

Though, although, and yet, but, despite, despite this fact, in spite of, even
so, for all that, however, in contrast, by contrast, on one hand, on the other
hand, on the contrary, in one way, in another way, although this may be
true, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, yet, to differ from, a striking
difference, another distinction, otherwise, after all, instead, unlike,
opposite, to oppose, in opposition to, versus, against, while it is true,

To emphasise:

Above all, after all, indeed, as a matter of fact, the main issue is, chiefly,
especially, actually, the most significant, the chief characteristic, the major
point, the most necessary, extremely, to emphasize, to highlight, to stress, by
all means, undoubtedly, more importantly, most important of all, most of all,
moreover, furthermore, significantly, without a doubt, certainly, to be sure,
surely, absolutely, obviously, more and more, of major interest, to culminate,
in truth, the climax of, to add to that, without question, unquestionably, as a
result, probability

Time 1

before, earlier, previously, formerly, recently, not long ago, at present, presently,
currently, now, by now, until, today, immediately, simultaneously, at the same
time, during, all the while, in the future yesterday,, tomorrow, henceforth, after,
after a short time, after a while, soon, later, later on, following, the following
week,
3
 II Nivel de Ingles. Prof: Vanessa R. De Costantino Discourse markers.

Time 2

Suddenly, all at once, instantly, immediately, quickly, directly, soon, as soon as,
just then, when, sometimes, some of the time, in the meantime, occasionally,
rarely, seldom, infrequently, temporarily, periodically, gradually, eventually, little
by little, slowly, while, meanwhile, always, all of the time, without exception, at
the same time, repeatedly, often, frequently, generally, usually, as long as, never,
not at all

Complete these sentences using: and, but, so, because.

1. She wants to go to the cinema, .................. I don't like that film.

2. My wife plays tennis.............. football.

3. I can't sleep, .............. I'm going to drink a glass of hot milk.

4. She went to the disco, ................. she didn't dance.

5. I'm studying English .................... I love languages.

6. She danced a little................... talked to her friends.

7. He doesn't play the guitar, .................he plays the drum.

8. He is sad ................. he saw an accident.

4
 II Nivel de Ingles. Prof: Vanessa R. De Costantino Discourse markers.

9. She didn't invited me,.................. I didn't go to her birthday party.

10. She can draw well, ............... she can't cook.

Write "however" or "therefore" to fill the gaps:

1. I don't like salads. , I like vegetables.

2. It was raining. , she took her umbrella.

3. He went to London. , she didn't see the Big Ben.

4. He went to London. , she saw the Big Ben.

5. She loved her boyfriend. , she didn't buy him a present for St Valentine.

6. She loved her boyfriend. , she bought him a present for St Valentine.

7. They loved animals. , they had a dog, a cat and a rabbit.

8. They loved animals. , they didn't have any.

9. He was very fat. , he didn't usually eat a lot.

10. He was very fat. it was difficult for him to find nice clothes.

11. I won the lottery. , I bought a beautiful car.

12. I won the lottery. , I didn't change my old car.

13. My brother loves sports. , he doesn't play football.

14. My brother loves sports. , he plays football, basket, rugby and golf.

Choose the correct option

1. I don't drink coffee ________ it makes me nervous.

5
 II Nivel de Ingles. Prof: Vanessa R. De Costantino Discourse markers.

2. although

2. ________ it was raining, I didn't get wet.

1. Although

2. Because

3. Paula got the job ________ she had no experience.

1. even though

2. as

4. Jerry passed the exam first time ________ I had to retake it three times.

1. while

2. as

5. ________ Mei Li doesn't speak English, she can't go to university in Canada.

1. Whereas

2. Since

6. ________ my wife likes to travel abroad, I prefer to stay at home for my vacations.

1. Whereas

2. Since

7. I will be late today ________ my car has broken down.

1. because

2. though

8. Jun couldn't buy any Christmas presents ________ he didn't have any money.

1. because

2. even though