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The document discusses two topics: 1) Mirror image function in CNC programs uses G51 and G50 codes to turn mirroring on and off for machining symmetrical parts. An example is given showing G51 to enable mirroring followed by lines of code and G50 to disable it. 2) Parametric programming allows specifying axis positions, feeds, and speeds with variables, arithmetic, and logic like in programming languages. Features like holes and slots can be programmed as reusable modules called for different parts, eliminating redundant programming.

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Osama Mohammed
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114 views4 pages

Questions

The document discusses two topics: 1) Mirror image function in CNC programs uses G51 and G50 codes to turn mirroring on and off for machining symmetrical parts. An example is given showing G51 to enable mirroring followed by lines of code and G50 to disable it. 2) Parametric programming allows specifying axis positions, feeds, and speeds with variables, arithmetic, and logic like in programming languages. Features like holes and slots can be programmed as reusable modules called for different parts, eliminating redundant programming.

Uploaded by

Osama Mohammed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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b) i) How is mirror image function used in CNC programs? Give an example.

G51—mirror images

G50 – Cancels the mirror

A G51 applies scaling/mirror to all positions, lines, and arcs following this G-code until a
G50 are entered.

Example:

G51 X-0.5 Y0.0 Z.0 I-1 J1 K1 ( turn mirror on)

G00 X0.0 Y0.0 Z1.0 ( rapid traverse to X0, Y0, Z1)

G01 X1.0 Y0.5 Z1.0 ( line to X1, Y.5, Z1)

G01 X0.0 Y1.0 Z1.0 ( line to X0, Y1, Z1)

G01 X0.0 Y0.0 Z1.0 ( line to X0, Y0, Z1)

G50 ( cancel scale)

ii) What is parametric programming? Discuss with examples.

Parametric programming is a G/M code programming in which axis position (x, y, z, a, etc.),
feed and speed functions can be specified by a parametric expression. Similar to computer
programming languages such as Pascal or C, computer-related features such as variables,
arithmetic, logic statements and looping are available in parametric programming.

Applications Of Parametric Programming


-Feature-based CNC programming

Parametric programming technique allows the creation of program modules for specific part
features such as a hole, slots, pockets, threads, etc. These pre-programmed machining
modules can be selected based on design features. Each time a new part is designed, the
CNC program calls parametric modules associated with design features. This approach
eliminates the need for programming features already available in parametric-modules.

Example:

A group of non-similar parts are depicted in Fig. 1. These parts require different machining
operations except for machining a common center hole.
13) b) i) Discuss the tooling system used for machining centres with an illustration.

CNC tooling systems normally of three components: the automatic tool changer, toolholders
and cutting tools.

Automatic tool changer: The automatic tool changer (ATC) is the mechanism that automates
the selection and changing of a number of cutting tools under the control of the part program.
A typical ATC system consists of a tool magazine and tool gripper.

Toolholders for machining centres: Modern CNC machining centres provide a standard
spindle nose taper and size for insertion of toolholders.

Retention knob: allows the locking


drawbar to pull the tool firmly into the
spindle and to release it automatically.

Tapered shank: allows for fitting the


toolholder to the spindle. The ANSI
standard defines six basic tapered shank
sizes: #30, #35, #40, #45, #50, #60, for
small to large machines.

Adaptors: allow to use different types of


cutting tools.

Flange: allows the toolholder to be grabbed by the tool gripper or the machine spindle.

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*Antifriction guideways:

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