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8 Tree Diagram p3

The document discusses how to build tree diagrams by explaining the basic structure of sentences and common phrases. It provides phrase structure rules for subjects, predicates, noun phrases, prepositional phrases, and adjective phrases. Examples are given to demonstrate how to construct tree diagrams for prepositional phrases and adjective phrases.

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Kalsoom Mushtaq
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3K views8 pages

8 Tree Diagram p3

The document discusses how to build tree diagrams by explaining the basic structure of sentences and common phrases. It provides phrase structure rules for subjects, predicates, noun phrases, prepositional phrases, and adjective phrases. Examples are given to demonstrate how to construct tree diagrams for prepositional phrases and adjective phrases.

Uploaded by

Kalsoom Mushtaq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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http://ocw.ump.edu.my

UHE3092 ENGLISH MECHANICS

TREE DIAGRAMS PART 3


by
Siti Norzaimalina bt Abd Majid
Centre for Modern Languages & Human Sciences
norzaimalina@ump.edu.my
CONJUNCTION
ADVERB
PREPOSITION

ADJECTIVE
PRONOUN

VERB
PHRASES
INTERJECTION

ARTICLE
NOUN

SENTENCE
How to build a tree diagram

First, you have to know the basic structure of a sentence. Sentence is made of phrases and words.
The rules that we use to build tree diagram is called Phrase Structure Rules. Below are the common phrases in a
sentence.

1. S  SUBJ PRED 7. AUX  -past


2. SUBJ  NP 8. AUX  -present
3. PRED  (AUX) VP (NP)(PP) 9. AUX  modal
4. NP  (det)3 (AP) N (PP) 10. PP  Prep NP
5. NP  pro 11. AP  (intens)n ADJn (PP)
PP  Prep NP

Prepositional phrase is a group of word that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun.

Prepositional phrase can function as an adjective or an adverb.

For example:
The girl with the red dress is my cousin.
with – preposition
the red dress – noun
Prepositional Phrase – phrase
functions as an adjective.
It modifies the noun “The
girl”.
How to build PP  PREP NP tree diagram?

Eg: with the red dress


PP

Prep NP

det AP noun

with
adj

the red dress


AP  (intens)n ADJn (PP)

• Adjective phrase is a phrase that has adjective as the head word. These group of words should describe the noun
or pronoun.

For example:
extremely – intensifier/adverb
Tina looked extremely worried at the party.
worried – adjective, described
Tina

Adjective Phrase • ( ) parentheses is an optional item in AP.


• The power of n means, you can add infinite
number of intensifier or adjective in an
adjective phrase
How to build AP  (intens)n ADJn (PP) tree diagram?

Eg: extremely worried at the party


AP

intens adj PP

at NP

extremely worried
adj noun

at the party
More References

Celce-Murcia, M., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (1999). The grammar book : An eSL/EFL teacher's course (2nd ed.
ed.). Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.

O’Grady, W., Archibald, J., Aronoff, M., & Rees-Miller, J. (2005). Contemporary linguistics, an introduction . (5th
ed.). Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's.

http://people.umass.edu/scable/LING201-SP13/Slides-Handouts/Syntactic-Trees.pdf

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