AGING PROCESS AND
ITS EFFECT ON
VARIOUS SYSTEMS
PRESENTED BY
H.Rufus raj
Lecturer, ACN
DEFINITION OF RELATED TERMS
GERIATRIC
It is the medical speciality that
deals with the physiology of aging
and with the diagnosis and
treatment affecting the aged.
- kevin
GERONTOLOGY
It is the study of all the
aspects of the aging
process including clinical,
psychological , economic
and social problems of the
elderly and the
consequences of these
Profile of americans age 65 & older
12
Population in millions
10
0
AGE DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL INDIAN
POPULATION(2000)
Categorising the adult population
AGE IN YEARS CATEGORY
55 To 64 Older adult population
65 to 74 Elderly population
75 to 84 Aged population
85 & older Extremely aged population
AGE IN YEARS CATEGORY
60 to 74 Young old
75 to 84 Middle old
85 & older Old-old
Special adult population
COGNITIVEL
Y
OLDER IMPAIRED
ADULT ADULTS
WOMEN
FRAIL RURAL
OLDER OLDER
ADULTS ADULTS
HOMELESS
OLDER
ADULTS
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN OLDER
ADULTS
MEN WOMEN
More likely to be living with More likely to live alone
spouse Loss of spouse more common.
More likely to have health Less likely to have health insurance.
insurance.
Higher income after retirement. Not adequate income
Generally have fewer chronic Have a higher incidence of chronic
health problems than women. health problems such as arthritis ,
hypertension stroke etc.
Theories of aging
GENETIC
THEORIES
GENETIC
MUTATION
THEORIES
ERROR THEORY
BIOLOGIC
WEAR & TEAR
THEORIES THEORY
IMMUNLOGIC
THEORY
FREE RADICAL
THERY
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES
DISENGAGEMENT
THEORY
ACTIVITY THEORY
ERICKSON’S
THEORY
HAVIGHURST’S
DEVELOPMENT THEORY
AL THEORY
NEW MAN’S
THEORY
NURSING THEORY
FUNCTIONAL CONCEQUENCES
THEORY
-MILLER 2004
AGE RELATED CHANGES IN BODY
SYSTEM
PARKINSON’S
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE
DEMENTIA
TRANSIENT
ISHEMIC
ATTACK
CEREBROVASC
ULAR ACCIDENT
SPECIAL SENSES
VISION
DIPLOPIA
CATARACTS
GLAUCOMA
MACULAR
DEGENERATION
RETINAL
DETACHMENT
HEARING
TINNITUS
OTOSCLEROSIS
DEAFNESS
-conductive
-central
MENIERE’S
DISEASE
TASTE
SMELL
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
CHRONIC
OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY
DISEASE
INFLUENZA
PNEUMONIA
TUBERCULOSIS
LUNG CANCER
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Coronary artery
disease
Coronary valve
disease
Heart block
Congestive heart
failure
Cardiomegaly
Peripheral
vascular disease
Varicose veins
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
DECUBITIS ULCER
HYPOTHERMIA
BASAL CELL
CARCINOMA
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
DIABETES
MELLITUS
HYPOGLYCEMIA
HYPERTHYRODISM
GENITO URINARY SYSTEM
Urinary
incontinence
Urinary tract
system
Chronic renal
failure
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
Hiatal hernia
Ulcers
Diverticulitis
Cancer
Haemmorhoids
Rectal prolapse
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Osteophorosis
Rheumatoid
arthritis
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Uterine prolapse
Vaginal
infections
Breast cancer
Prostate cancer
HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM
Anemia
Leukemia
IMMUNOLOGY
INFECTION
PROBLEMS FACED BY OLDAGE IN
SOCIETY
PHYSICAL ABUSE
PHYSICAL
NEGLECT
PSYCHOLOGICAL
ABUSE
SEXUAL ABUSE
PSYCHOLOGIC
NEGLECT
FINANCIAL ABUSE
VIOLATION OF
PERSONAL
GERNTOLOGICAL NURSING
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
YEAR ACCOMPLISHMENT
1904 First article was published in American
journal of nursing
1925 AJN considers geriatric nursing as a
possible speciality in nursing.
1950 Newton & Anderson publish first geriatric
nursing text book.
1966 ANA creates a division of geriatric nursing.
1970 ANA establishes standards of practice.
1974 Certification in geriatric nursing practice was
offered.
1976 ANA publishes standards for the
CONT……
1989 ANA certifies gerntological clinical nurse
specialist
1992 ANA redefines long term care to include life
span approach.
1993 National institute of nursing research
established as seperate utility
1994 ANA redefines standards and scope of
gerontological nursing pratice
Scope of gerontological nursing practice
Utilise the nursing process to develop
the aging person’s care plan.
Establish therapeutic relationship with the patient & family
members to facilitate collabration.
Recognise the need & age related changes based on
understanding of spiritual functioning , cultural & emotional
functioning.
Practice as a member of the interdisciplinary team.
Use the standards of gerontological nursing practice.
Collect data to determine the health status and functional
abilities.
Serve as an advocate for the older people & their families.
contd….
Apply existing body of knowledge In
gerontological nursing practice.
Exercise accountability in delivering care
Encourage in continuing professional
development.
Nursing care of oldage patients
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PROMOTION
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ACUTE CARE
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Nutritional health
Reduce salt intake.
Increased protein
intake.
Simple sugars
should be avoided.
Carbohydrates
should constitute
55% to 60% of
the total calories
SLEEP
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PAIN MANAGEMENT
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DEPRESSION MANAGEMENT
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MEDICATION USE
On an average old adult takes
7
different medications
The frequency of adverse drug
reactions increase as the
number of prescribed
medications increases.
By the age of 75 – 80 there is
a 50% decline in the renal
clearance of the drugs.
SAFETY
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BEHAVIOURAL MANAGEMENT
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GERIATRIC REHABILITATION
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THANK YOU ● Fifth level
