TRANSLATION

The definitions of translation

1. Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent
textual material in other language (TL) (Catford, 1969:20)
2. Translation is made possible by an equivalence of thought that lies behind its different
verbal expressions. (Savory, 1969:13)
3. Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language, first in terms of meaning and
secondly in terms of style (Nida, 1969:12)
4. Translation is a process of finding a TL equivalent for an SL utterance.
(Pinchuck,177:38)
5. Translation is a craft consisting of the attempt to replace a written message or statement in
one language by the same message or statement in another language. (Newmark, 1981:7
It can be concluded that :

 In translation we use common terms, such as :

Equivalent = similar
Textual material = written message
Reproducing = replacing

 Translation equivalence can in rank of word for word, phrase for phrase, sentence for
sentence etc.

Your knowledge of grammar plays an important role when you translate Indonesian to
English.

 English words with multiple meanings should be translated only in their context.
 Translate the following.

1. a heavy light blue jacket

2. offshore oil drilling
3. a fine silver antique lamp
4. Paul is fond of belling the cat.
5.Ki Dalang memainkan wayang kulit semalam suntuk.
6. Andai Yusuf Kalla menang dalam pemilu capres, dia tentu akan menjadi presiden
Indonesia.
7. They have to make a few changes , but at least they haven’t got to start again from the
scratch.

Catford (1969:2) divides translation into three distinctive types :

1. Full translation v.s Partial translation

2. Total v.s Restricted translation
3. Rank of translation

Full v.s Partial translation

Full translation is translation which every part of the SL text is replaced by TL text material.
E.g.

 Saya akan membeli 2 buku = I will buy two books.

 Mereka tidak membeli apa-apa = They didn’t buy anything.

While Partial translaton is translation which part of SL text is left untranslated. E.g

 I like humberger = Saya suka humberger.

 Orang hutan itu sejenis monyet = Orangutan is a kind of ape.

Total v.s Restricted translation

Total translation is traslation which SL grammar and lexis are replaced by nequivalent TL
grammar and lexis. E.g.
The child has slept for three hours .
Anak itu telah tidur selama tiga jam.
While in Restricted translation the replacement of SL grammar by equivalent TL
grammar but with no replsacement of lexis, and replacement of SL lexis by equivalent TL
lexis but with no replacement of grammar. E.g.

 Anak itu telah tidur selama tiga jam.

Noun Det /Aux Verb3 /prep / Det Noun

  Anak itu telah tidur selama tiga jam.

Child that / already sleep / for / three/ hour

Rank of Translation
The rank of translation can be in the form of :
Word to word translation

 Paragraph to paragraph translation

 Discourse to discourse translation

Jacobson, 1959:234 divides translation into three types :

1. Intralingual translation.

Interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language. E.g.
Paraphrasing
2. Interlingual translation.
Interpretation of verbal signs by means of other languages. E.g. the replacement of SL
text into the equivalent TL text.
3. Intersemiotic translation.
Interpretation of verbal signs by means of sign systems. E.g. From verbal art into
music, dance , cinema or painting.
Savory categorizes translation into four types :
1. Perfect translation
Translation which contains purely informative statement, such as notices which are hung in
public places. E.g. in some air terminals.
Please ensure that your baggage is correct before leaving the air terminal.
2. Adequate translation.
Translation which is intended for entertainment
E.g. Translating novel, story etc
3. Composite translation.
Translation which is focused on the intellectual exercises to get intellectual pleasure.
E.g. Translation of prose into prose, poetry into poetry or vise versa.
4. Scientific and technical translation.
Translation that is needed to gain intrinsic important of the original work.

State which of the following translations belongs to full, partial, or total translation.

1. Bill will arrive here soon = Bill akan segera datang kemari.
2. Ibu senang makan rujak = Mother likes to eat rujak..
3. My father has worked hard = Ayah saya telah bekerja giat.
4. John akan pergi ke Surabaya besok = John will go to Surabaya tomorrow.

Translate the following using perfect translation.

1. No trespassing
2. Dilarang masuk kecuali peserta ujian dan pengawas ujian.
3. Silahkan memeriksa jawaban anda sekali lagi.
4. Pastikan sepeda motor anda terkunci.

TRANSLATION PRINCIPLES
There are two main principles of translation :

1. Literal or faithful translation

The reasons for he advocacy for this principle are :

a. The translator never forget that he is a translator.
b. The translator is not the original writer.
c. The translator is only the interpreter.
d. The writer’s style could only be preserved in a literal translation.
2. Idiomatic or free translation
The reasons for the advocacy of this principle are :
a. Literal translation is too difficult.
b. Free translation is fresh and be read with ease and pleasure.
c. Accuracy, clearness, and precision are difficult to achieve in literal translation.
d. The freedom to include lexical and grammatical adjustment to obtain the meaning of the
SL text as closely as possible to the TL equivalence.
Select which one of the following statements belong to either literal or free translation :
 1. The readers who know nothing at all of the original language.

2. The readers who are learning the language of the original.

3. The readers who knew the language in the past, but have now forgotten almost the
whole of their early knowledge.
4. The scholars who still know the language.

Translate the following sentences into Indonesian. Use literal or free translation for its
appropriate sentence.
1. Janice played the piano very well at the party last night.
2. My wife would like to drink either squash or lemonade.
3. Never have I seen such a beautiful chick like her.
4. Trespassers will be prosecuted.
5. My father hunted high and low his glasses all morning.
6. The old beggar was so odd-looking that Lucy was a little afraid of him.
7. A year or two ago Peter was very keen on photography, but now he seems to have lost
interest in it.
8. They told me a pack of lies, and I didn’t know what to say.
9. Mary had to go to the hospital when she got her hand caught in the revolving door.
GRAMMATICAL EQUIVALENCE
In translating English words, phrases, or sentences into Indonesian words, phrases, or
sentences or in vise versa we must take into consideration grammatical equivalence in order
to the attain faithfulness and readability.
E.g.

1. everlasting friendship
2. unfriendly attitude
3. Unfurnished house
4. uninhabited small island
5. unfailing hope
6. you ought to cut down
7. five naughty teenagers
8. undeniable order
9. hopeful attempt
10. endless love affairs

1. persahabatan yang kekal abadi

2. sikap yang tidak ramah
3. rumah yang tak berperabot
4. pulau kecil yang tak berpenghuni
5. harapan yang tak kunjung padam
6. kamu sebaiknya menguranginya
7. lima anak belasan tahun yang nakal
8. perintah yang tak dapat sangkal
9. usaha yang penuh harapan

10. hubungan cinta tak ada habisnya

Translate the following sentences into Indonesian or vise versa.

1. His business is on its legs through bad management.

2. Mr. Johnson found himself in deep water when he took over the management of the
firm.
3. Burglars usually finish their work before day.
4. For heaven’s sake, don’t do the stupid thing like this.
5. The bus stop is just a stone’s throw away.
6. He cries down everything his wife does.
7. She must be out of her mind.
8. 8. a tiny erect figure of the maid in her white and black uniform
9. 9. thin horn-rimmed spectacles
10. 10. untuk setiap aksi akan timbul reaksi yang sepadan dan berlawanan.
11. 11. To be sent to battle field
12. 12. A main function of the secretary
13. 13. Working in police force
14. 14. A nice distinction of word choice
15. 15. a fresh employee in this company
16. 16. Almarhum Dr. Susilo terkenal karena sifat sosialnya.

GRAMMATICAL ADJUSTMENT
Translation is not merely transferring words from Sl to Tl words or in vise versa, but it has to
consider about the difference of the linguistic components such as :
the structure or phrases
position of attributives or modifiers
morphological structure and categories
clause orders
elliptical constructions
restructuring of complex propositions
statements into kernels
other related or similar elements.
Study the following grammatical patterns :
A. Attributives

Art. Attributive Noun

a smart student

a water tower

a smart young boy

a cripple old camel

a managing director

a challenging adventure

a swimming pool

a sewing machine

a written message
a stolen jewelry

a rotten Fruit

a spoken language

Noun Attributive

something beautiful

people in the dessert

books to read

room available

B. Gerund make you healthy

1. Gerund as subject drinking
Swimming will
2. Gerund as object
The man loves

3. Gerund as complement
His job is painting houses.
4. Gerund as object of preposition
That boy is interested in climbing mountain.
C. Tense markers

1. He writes a letter every week.

2. He is writing a letter right now.
3. He has already written a letter.
4. He wrote a letter yesterday.
5. He will write another letter tomorrow.
6. He had already written a letter before his friend came.
7. He was writing a letter when his friend came.
8. By the end of this semester he will have written six letters to his girl-friend.
9. By the time his friend came, he had already written two letters.

D. Modals

1. Her friend should be here in a few minutes.

2. Her friend must be here in a few minutes.
3. Our friend ought to be here in a few minutes.
4. Her friend can be here in a few minutes.
5. Her friend needn’t be here in a few minutes.
6. Her friend mustn’t be here in few minutes.
7. Her friend oughtn’t to be here in a few minutes.
8. Her friend may be here in a few minutes.
9. He is smart, isn’t he?
10. He didn’t keep the promise, did he?

E. Conditionals
1. If John works harder, he will pass the exam.
2. If I lived in the village, life would become easier.
3. If John had studied hard, he would have gotten good marks.
F. Verbs of wishing
1. The employer wishes to improve the workers’ welfare.
2. The test advisor requested that we not bring anything into the hall.
3. It is essential that my license be shown to the patrolman.
G. Subjunctives
1. John wishes that you had not made such a mistake.
2. Mary wishes that she were a beautiful princess.
3. The farmers usually talk to his animals as if they were human beings.
4. He acted as though she had been elected as a chairman of this firm.
H. Inversion
1. Seldom does Mr. Lea give a assignment this semester.
 2. Never have I seen such a beautiful girl like her.
3. Not only did I see him, but talk to him as well.
4. Only if there is a translation test, will the students study hard.

I. Kernel Sentence

Kernel sentence is the simplest form of sentence in a long simple sentence or complex
sentence.
E.g. 1. The man wearing a black jacket and dark glasses is a policeman.
2. The man employed for this job caught the thief stealing a pack of wrist watch.

3. When I entered the old house, I saw something frightening.

Task I

A. Translate the following noun phrases into Indonesian.

1. a growing industrial complex

2. an unidentified flying object
3. a revolving door
4. a highly motivated student
5. the implied meaning
6. an ill-tempered landlady
7. scrambled eggs
8. the unfinished ghost story
B. Translate the sentences into Indonesian
1. Try to avoid making her angry.
2. You have had many opportunities of serving your country.
3. You can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs.
4. After reading this article, you will give up smoking.
5. Is there anything here worth buying?
6. If I were a well known politician, my country wouldn’t be dominated by corruptors.
7. Only if most of the people know the legal matters, will they not destroy the forest.
8. By the time father leaves the house for his job, mother will have finished preparing the
breakfast for him.
 9. Mr. Chang talked to his students as if he were a popular advocate.
10. The lecturer insisted that the task not be submitted without being carefully edited and
neatly typed.

C. Translate the Indonesian sentences into English.

1. Gadis cantik yang tinggal di sebelah rumahku bekerja sebagai guru TK di lembaga ini.
2. Orang tua yang berkaca mata hitam itu berusia lebih dari satu abad.
3. Mahasiswa bertampang menawan yang duduk di kursi rotan itu, mudah bergaul dengan
semua mahasiswa di kelasnya.
4. Orang yang bertugas menjaga keamanan kampung kita selalu tidur pada waktu pagi dan
siang hari.
5. Tanah yang di persiapkan untuk pemukiman transmigran harus dibebaskn dari binatang-
binatang buas.
6. Anak laki-laki itu mambaca buku cerita yang dihadiahkan oleh pamannya pada ulang
tahunnya yang ke sepuluh.
7. Sewaktu anak-anak sedang bermain bola di halaman depan rumah, orang tuanya asyik
mengobrol dengan tetangganya sambil minum kopi.
8. Pencuri yang ditangkap polisi bulan lalu dihadiahi hukuman 2 tahun penjara.
9. Kami sekeluarga sedang makan malam ketika tiba-tiba lampu padam dan adik menjerit-
jerit ketakuatan.
10. Ketika perang dunia kedua pecah, saya baru berusia enam tahun dan duduk di kelas satu
sekolah dasar.
11. Andaikata saya melihat Kate, saya akan mengantarkannya pulang.
12. Seandainya saya mempunyai jabatan, dengan mudah saya akan mendapatkan uang.
13. Seandainya saja saya mengetahui kamu di rumah sakit, saya akan menjengukmu lebih
dulu dari pada teman-temanmu.
14. Andaikata saya mempunyai cukup waktu senggang saat ini, saya akan pergi bersamamu.
LEXICAL ADJUSTMENT
AFFIXED WORDS
There are two kinds of affixation, derivational affixation and inflectional affixation.
A. Derivational Affixation
Affixation which derives from one class of word to another class of word.
Study the following words :
 water watery
hope hopeless
history historical
friend friendly
beautiful beautifully
happy happiness
long length
frank frankly
red redden
advise advice
continue continuous
educate education
agree agreement

Try to find the meaning of the following prefixes and suffixes :

English prefixes

ante sebelum antebellum

mendahului antecedent
anti bertentangan anti-American
penangkis anti-aircraft
auto sendiri autodidact
bi dua bilingual
circum mengelilingi circumnavigation
co kerjasama cooperative
counter balasan counterblow
de penurunan degradation
penebangan deforestation
dis tidak disagree
ex mantan ex-soldier
hyper sangat hyperactive
inter antar intercultural
macro besar macrocosm
mal tidak mampu maladjustment
salah malnutrition
kegagalan malfunction
micro kecil microfilm
mini pendek miniskirt
mis salah misspell
mono satu monolingual
multi banyak multipurpose
non tidak nonalignment
post sesudah postwar
pre sebelum premature
prime utama prime mover
pro mendukung pro-military
re kembali rearrangement
semi setengah semitransparent
sub bagian subcommittee
trans antar transliteration
English Suffixes
able readable manageable
ful beautiful
colorful

ic economic mathematic
ical historical logical
ious continuous religious
ish selfish foolish
ly friendly conomically
ship friendship leadership
ance attendance allowance
ation organization internalization
dom freedom kingdom
ee employee examinee
er teacher speaker
ness happiness loudness
ist scientist economist
ism nationalism idealism
en deep deepen
ize maximize minimize

B. Inflectional affixes are affixes which are always attached to the base (stem).
E.g. work works
work worked
play playing
book books
strong stronger
strong strongest
Translate the following words or phrases into Indonesian or vise versa.

1. cold bloody killer

2. enchain
3. fleshy
4. endearment
5. bottomless pit
6. unlimited expenditure
7. taktertundukkan

8. penyerderhanaan yang berlebihan

Translate the following sentences into Indonesian or vise versa.

1. The industrial revolution has gradually developed in Japan since post-war time.
2. Indonesian has become self-supporting in rice under Mr. Suharto’s leadership.
3. The strikers have reached a settlement with the employers.
4. Every wife expects endearments from her husband.
 5. Strict enforcement of a new law takes time in this country.
6. Karena sembrono, dia terjatuh ke dalam sumur yang sangat dalam sekali.
7. Kami memperoleh berita itu dari sumber yang meyakinkan.
8. Masa depan pencari kerja nampaknya tidak begitu menggembirakan.
9. Latar belakngnya yang tak pantas disebut dan sekarang dia mempunyai kesulitan
memperoleh pekerjaan.
10. Sedikit perasaan tak enak segera muncul setelah perceraian mereka yang menyangkut
tanggung jawab pemeliharaan anak mereka satu-satunya.
11. Karena penghasilannya yang makin berkurang dari hari ke hari, Amrin si tukang
becak itu pulang ke rumah dengan putus asa.
12. Menyadari kesalahannya, john segera meminta maaf kepada orang tua asuhnya.

COMPOUND WORDS
Compound word is a word consisting of two or more parts that make up one meaningful unit.
E.g. sunflower sun flower
bookstore book store
green eyed green eyed
grasshopper grass hopper
ceasefire cease fire
street-walker street walker

A. Translate the following words into Indonesian.

1. greenroom 5. grandstand
2. bloodhound 6. wasteland
3. blackleg 7. black sheep
4. homing pigeon 8. matchmaker
B. Translate the following words into English.
1. rumah hantu 6. baju renang
2. pencakar langit 7. kopi pahit
3. pelabuhan bebas8. pisau lipat
4. pasar gelap 9. lintah darat
5. hari gajian 10. tongkat polisi
C. Translate the following sentences into Indonesian or vise versa.
1. James is an able-bodied male who is fit for the army.
 2. Dr. Smith is an absent-minded professor who always forgets his own birthday.
3. The navy cadets must get up at cock-crow.
4. Stuntman is accident-proof professional who risks his life only for money.
5. Karen has been liquor addicted for more than one years.
6. The Afro-Asian conference was commemorated in Bandung last year.
7. The news of assassination came like a bombshell.
8. That freckle-faced man is our new history teacher.
9. Setelah pensiun dari angkatan kepolisian Bob menjadi penjual keliling dari pintu kepintu.
10. Kelakuannya ketika suaminya sedang pergi membuat tentangganya merasa heran.
11. Pikiranmu sangat buruk setelah kamu tidak lulus ujian.
12. Pada puncak karirnya dokter itu berpenghasilan enam puluh ribu dolar setahun.
13. Tuan Bronson dulu biasa berburu di Afrika utara.
14. Berada di bak mandi yang berisi air panas terasa sangat enak setelah bekerja keras.
15. Satu-satunya kegemaran adikku adalah memasak. Tak mengherankan dia mempunyai
banyak sekali buku masak di rumah.
16. My friend likes to have white coffee but I would rather have it black.
17. A pocket-knife is more expensive than a safety razor.
18. It is impossible for any prisoner of war to escape from the prison due to well-trained
bloodhounds.
BLANDING, CLIPPING, AND ACRONYM

A. Blending

Blending is a fusion of two words into one, usually the first part of one word with the
last part of the other so that the resultant blend consists of both of original meanings.
E.g. motel motor hotel
brunch breakfast lunch
Kanwil kantor wilayah
Hansip pertahanan sipil
smog smoke fog
B. Clipping
Clipping is a process in which a word is formed by shortening a longer word.
E.g. lab laboratory
dorm dormitory
 mag magazine
C. Acronym
Acronym is the result of forming a word from the first letter or letters of each word in
a phrase.
E.g. CIA Central Intelligence Agency
UNO United Nation organization ILO International
Labor Organization
TNI Tentara Nasional Indonesia
DPR Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
Identify which of the following is blending, clipping or acronym.

1. heliport 6. stuffocated
2. ASEAN 7. prefab
3. frig 8. Kepsek
4. broasted 9. KTT
5. filmfest 10. Letkol

Give the Indonesian words that form the blending and then translate them intoEnglish.

1. Jatim 14. Kades

2. Kepsek 15. Korud
3. Puskur 16. Pendam
4. Sumut 17. Kemlu
5. Irja 18. Deppen
6. Satgas 19. Japen
7. GAMA 20. Depkes
8. Kepres 21. Depertan
9. Letkol 22. Depernas
10. KODAM 23. Deperindra
11. Kanwil 24. Banas
12. Hansip 25. Korwas

13. Satpam 26. Sekdes

Translate the following sentences into Indonesian or vise versa.
 1. The president has directed the immediate establishment of prefab school houses for
children in flood area.
2. When I got to the subway station the train had already left.
3. The WHO which has various activities in the world is founded by UNO.
4. Puskur di Jakarta mengurusi pengembangan kurikulum untuk pendidikan mulai dari
tingkat paling bawah hingga tingkat atas.
5. Pada kunjungan ke Jatim Kasad memperingatkan agar kita mawas diri terhadap
bahaya laten komunis.
6. Tetangga saya telah menjabat sebagai anggota DPR selama lebih kuarang 2 tahun.
7. Kemlu kita cukup berhasil dalam menjalankan misinya berkat kepemimpinan bapak
Muhtar Kusuma Atmaja.
8. Depkes takhenti-hentinya memberikan penerangan tentang bahaya AIDS khusususnya
di daerah perkotaan.
9. The house where Jim lives is situated in a shabby area, surrounded by many factories.
The air is dirty and full of smog.
10. About a half of dozen Russian subs were sighted by the US Coast Guard off the coast
of Cuba.
11. Being a Singaporean Susan Khoo speaks both Chinese and English.
12. 12. We had a chance to travel from Tokyo to the neighboring city by a monorail train
while we were in Japan.
13. 13. Katakan pada Bill agar dia tidak lupa membawa kartu identitas peserta saat
memasuki ruangan seminar di BANAS.
14. 14. Karena mempunyai delapan anak, petani tua itu mengalami banyak masalah
kekeluargaan yang harus deselesaikan melalui RT dan RW stempat sebelum diterukan
ke Desa.
15. 15. Jane telah bekerja sebagai pramugari di sebuah penerbangan milik swasta dan
sekarang dia bekerja sebagai staff di KEMENDAGRI.
16. 16. Harimau itu menyusui kedua anaknya di BONBIN Surabaya tanpa
memperhatikan banyak pengunjung melihatnya.

FIGURE OF SPEECH
Every writer has his or her own style. To understand the writer’s style, we have to
discuss about figure of speech.
Study the following figure of speech :

1. Euphemism

It is the use of words or phrases in place of what is required by truth or accuracy.

E.g. He passed away ( died).

He is mentally unbalanced (mad)

- Your friend is a bit slow, I’m afraid.
- She is not herself today.
- She is wetting her pants.
- She must have lost her mind.

2. Simile
It is a figure of speech in which two objects are compared.

E.g. as quick as lightening

as hard as rock
as poor as church mouse
 She is like a parrot.
She is as old as the hills.
as pale as a ghost
as silence as grave

3. Personification
It is a figure of speech containing the endowing of inanimate objects or abstract ideas
with human qualities or attributes.
E.g. The jocund day stands on tiptoe on the misty mountain tops.
The hurricanes swept away all the ships in the harbor.
The old train crept along the narrow pass.
The moon walks slowly and silently through the night.
TASK
Translate the following sentences into Indonesian.

1. That hungry boy ate like a horse.

2. Mr. John smokes like a chimney.
3. My grandfather is as old as the hills.
4. My grandma had passed away when I was still teenager.
5. My cousin who is talking by himself over there is mentally unbalanced.
6. Your brother is a bit slow on mathematics.
7. By midnight Salatiga is still wrapped in silence.
8. I wonder what will become of him if there is a fire. He always sleeps like a log.
9. Look, your daughter is so scared stiff that she is watering her pants.
10. Buddy had a mountain of work ahead of him.
11. The woods were blanketed with snow during winter.
12. That old spinster has a very sharp tongue.

Translate the following sentences into English, and use figure of speech whenever
possible.
 1. Ibuku telah membeli sebungkul kobis dan dua bungkul slada.
2. Gigi gergajinya sangat tajam sekali se-hingga tukang kayu tersebut dapat me-motong
balok tebal cepat sekali.
3. Keterangan kata-kata yang dicetak tebal dapat dilihat pada bagian bawah halaman
tersebut.
4. Keluarga smith sangat melarat sekali dan tinggal di salah satu daerah miskin di New
York.
5. Miskipun buyutku sangat tua sekali, ia masih dapat mendengar dan melihat dengan
sempurna.
6. Karena kepanasan selama dua jam terus menerus wanita setengah baya

itu pingsan dan mukanya pucat sekali.

7. Guruku menerangkan bentuk dan arti if clause dengan jelas sekali.
8. Tuan smith adlah perokok berat. Dia merokok terus menerus sepanjang hari.
9. Dengan udara yang sangat panas ini Adam selalu haus dan dia minum terus menerus.
10. Orang Indian biasanya memiliki penglihatan yang sangat tajam sekali karena mereka
hidup di lembah yang luas sekali.
11. Di tengah malam Sumber Pucung, sebuah desa di dekat kota Malang, sunyi senyap sekali.
12. Permukaan jam dinding ini terbuat dari baja anti karat yang dicat abu-abu.
13. Pondok kecil itu terletak di kaki gunung Lawu lebih kurang 5 km dari Tawangmangu.
14. Sehabis hujan lebat terus menerus selama tiga hari pekarangan rumah kami penuh dengan
lumpur.
15. Boleh saya ke belakang?

IDIOMS
Idiom is an expression which can’t be understood from the literal meaning of the word of
which it is composed.
Idiom should be learnt and understood in context. The context will help you guess the
meaning of an idiom intelligently.
Study the following examples :

1. Yesterday I went home in the rain, so I caught a cold. (masuk angin)

2. I wasn’t satisfied with my hotel room, so I made a fuss. (mengadu)
3. This university has produces many great men of letter. (sarjana)
 4. It is too hot in this room, you must take off your jacket. (melepas)
5. The plane will take off at two o’clock sharp. (tinggal landas)

TASK 1
Translate the sentences into Indonesian. Focus on the words or phrases written in italics.

1. He always looks a gift horse in the mouth every time his teacher explains something.
2. The manager takes it for granted that I know all about office work.
3. The lesson is difficult but hammer away at it and you will understand it.
4. After more than ten unsuccessful attempts to get a new job, he began to lose heart.
5. The president said that the day the war ended would go down in history.
6. The team was determined to win the last game by hook or crook.
7. The workers worked into the evening and then came in and ate like a horse.
8. John had never been to a big party before and he was ill at ease.
9. She is in an interesting condition.
10. He was insulted, but he managed to keep his temper.
11. When we found that he had lied, we immediately kicked him out of the club.
12. He accepted his defeat like a lamb.
13. My dog made after the cat.
14. The owners of the Supermarket agreed to meet the strikers halfway.
15. In your new hairdo, you look like a million dollars.

16. Bill’s classmate made a monkey of his girlish.

17. Your name will be mud if you double-cross me.

18. I have no complain about my customers. They all pay on the nail.
19. Jane’s mother was on pains and needles because she was late getting home from
school.
20. Her husband goes to night club night after night.
21. He took advantages of the lonely woman.
22. The factory operates around the clock with three shifts a day.
23. Mary’s father refused to stand bail for her when she was arrested on a drug charge.
24. We need some fresh blood in this company to raise the selling products in this city.

TASK 2
Translate the following sentences into Indonesian.

1. Arthur made a clean breast of cheating on the test to his teacher.

2. Whenever Billy is blamed for anything , he always tries to pass the buck.
3. He didn’t stand a chance of winning the first prize.
4. If you have sexual intercourse with a girl before she reaches the age of consent you
can be prosecuted.
5. We really up the creek now, here we are in the foreign country with no money.
6. His unkind remarks cut me to the quick.
7. The workmen find it hard to do without cigarettes.
8. 8. He devoted his time to badminton at the expense of his studies.
9. 9. The children were all ears when their father was describing the car crash.
10. 10. She always finds fault with the way I eat.
11. 11. Larry is a boy with a finger in every pie at school from drama to football.
12. 12. Tom has got ahead of all the other boys in the class.
13. 13. The color of her dress she was wearing at the party last night fitted like a glove to
her skin.
14. 14. The police haven’t found the murder yet, but they are convinced that the really
facts of the case will soon come to light.
15. 15. This year they run their shop in the black, last year they were in the red and now
they are in the black again.

TASK 3
Translate the following sentences into Indonesian. Focus on the idiomatic expressions
stated in italics.

1. The film producer was in the red. Many of his films were commercially unsuccessful.
2. Jack visited his mother once in blue moon.
3. He arrived out of blue, without phoning first.
4. We have spent a lot of money on luxuries this year. We will have to draw in our horns
if we want to take that holiday in Switzerland.
5. A pretty blonde waitress working in a new restaurant seems to have turned John’s
head. He has lunch everyday now.
 6. Mike and Phil had an agreement last night about who does most cleaning in the flat
they are sharing. I was careful not to take sides, as I want to stay good friends with
them both.

7. It stands on to reason that Paul won’t sell his business now that he has got it running so
well.
8. Brian made a sarcastic remark about my private life, so I told him to set his own house in
order before criticizing me.
9. Rachel is very happy with Robert at the moment, but when she stops seeing things
through rose-colored spectacles I think she will realize that he is only for her money.
10. Victor obviously doesn’t know what’s happened, otherwise he wouldn’t have made such
a tactless remark. You had better put him in the picture.
11. Norman is a very intelligent fellow. If he plays his card right, he may end up a partner in
the film before he is 40.

12. Don’t let Keith upset you. He loves laying down the law but nobody takes him very
seriously.
13. Diana really fell on her feet when she took a job with Brown & Brothers.

PROCESS OF TRANSLATION
There are three steps in the process of translation :

1. Understanding the meaning or message of the text in SL.

2. Looking for the equivalent meaning or message in TL.
3. Restructuring this equivalent meaning or message in the TL into an accepted form of
the text in TL.

Study the following ways :

She insisted on taking innumerable outfits with her, and arrived at the stationloaded with
luggage.
“I wish,” said the husband thoughtfully, “that we’d brought the piano.”
“You needn’t be sarcastic,” came the frigid reply. “It’s not a bit funny.
“I’m not trying to be funny,” he explained sadly. “I left the tickets on it.”
The first step is we find the meaning of the difficult words in SL :
 1. Outfits = assemblage of articles
2. Innumerable = too many to count
3. Loaded with = burdened with
4. Thoughtfully = considerate
5. Sarcastic = being ironical
6. Frigid = without feeling, very cold
7. Wish = want, hope

The second step is to look for the equivalent meaning in Tl (Indonesian)

1. Outfits = perlengkapan
2. Innumerable = takterhitung banyaknya
3. Loaded with = dibebani dengan
4. Thoughtfully = dengan merenung
5. Sarcastic = mengejek
6. Frigid = tanpa perasaan
7. Wish = hendak, ingin

The third step is to reconstruct the sentences or words into acceptablecontext to meet the
original meanings :

1. “I wish we’d brought the piano” will be best translated into “Andaikata kita juga
membawa piano”.
2. “Came the frigid reply” will be best translated into “ terdengar jawaban yang ketus”.
3. “I left the tickets on it” will be best translated into “ karcisnya tertinggal di atas
piano”.

Task I
Translate the following text into Indonesian.
 Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because
progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and
more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement
in intelligence or morality., it has made an extraordinary progress in accumulation of
knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be
communicated to another by means of speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance
was made, for knowledge could then not only be communicated but also stored. Libraries
made education possible, and education in its turn added the libraries : the growth of
knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the
invention of printing.
Task II
Translate the following texts into Indonesian.
Stop using words that invite people to victimize you. Such put downs as “I’m not very
important, “I’m not really smart” or “I never understand legal matters” are really licenses for
other to take advantage of you. If you tell a waiter you are not good at figures while he is
adding up your check, you are teaching him that you won’t catch a mistake.
A man with a bristling gray beard came and sat next to me at lunch. He had pale blue eyes
and he talked of yachting in the English Channel. “It is not dangerous at all, provided you
don’t learn to swim.”
“Why is that?”
“When you are in the spot of trouble, if you can swim you try to strike out for the shore. You
invariably drown. As I can’t swim, I cling to the wreckage. That is my tip; if you are in
trouble, cling to the wreckage!”
It was my advice I have been taking most of my life.
THE CONCEPT OF MEANING
There are five different kinds of meaning in language.

1. Lexical meaning

Lexical meaning is a meaning as defined in the dictionary.

E.g. Cave = gua
ape = kera
stone = batu
2. Grammatical meaning
 Grammatical meaning is a meaning which is determined by word order and word forms.
E.g. a car factory.
a factory car
pocket money
money pocket
John goes to Surabaya by train.
John went to Surabaya by train.
John has gone to Surabaya by train.
3. Textual meaning
Textual meaning is a meaning which is based on the text.
E.g. That is ten times better.
His doctrine didn’t fit in with the times.
The child is counting his money.
There are ten of us, counting the children.
4. Situational meaning
Situational meaning is a meaning which is determined by the situation of the situation.
E.g. Fire !
Fire ?
Fire !
5. Socio-cultural meaning
Socio-cultural meaning is a meaning which is determined by socio-cultural concept.
E.g. A : Hai, mau kemana?
B : Mau kesana. Sedang apa?
A : Berkebun. Mari singgah.
B : Trima kasih. Sudah siang. Lain kali saja.
TASK

1. Translate the English text into Indonesian, paying attention to the lexical meaning.

Consider the couple sent off to patch up an eroding marriage during the course
of one short weekend. These people were rushed by well meaning relatives into a situation
that was supposed to facilitate the forgiveness everyone saw as necessary, without any regard
for the fact that both these people were hurting deeply and needed time to let their hurt be
healed. They came back as hurt, resentful and non forgiving as when they left. And an
anxious friends and relatives indicated their disappointment that the weekend didn’t do the
trick.
2. Translate the English text into Indonesian, paying attention to the grammatical
meaning.
Then, the tiny erect figure of the maid in her white and black uniformwas
standing beside Richard Pratt, holding something out in her hand. “ I believe these are yours
sir,” she said.
Pratt saw the thin horn- rimmed spectacles that she held out to him, and for a
moment he hesitated. “Are they?”
“Yes, sir, they are yours.” The maid was an elderly woman, nearer 70 than 60, a
faithful family retainer of many year’s standing.
3. Translate the following text into Indonesian, paying attention to the textual meaning.
Each year Americans drink 2 ½ billion pounds of coffee, which account for 76
percent of our nearly 34 million-pound annual
coffee consumption. Eight out of ten adult Americans drink coffee, about 3.5 cups every day.
Many who are abstain from coffee and tea also consume caffeine often unwittingly. The
drug is found in chocolate, colas and other soft drinks, some fortify with up to 54 milligrams
of caffeine in each 12-ounce bottle. In addition, caffeine is present in diet pills, cold and
allergy pills, headache remedies, and even as anunnamed “flavoring agent” in some
puddings, frozen diary desserts and baked goods.
4. Translate the following text into Indonesian, paying attention to the situational
meaning.
The three women and I sat watching the two men. Our roast beef lay before us on
our plates, steaming.
“You say I can name the bet?” Pratt asked.
“That’s what I said.”
There was a pause while Pratt looked around the table. He appeared to be reminding us,
each in turn , that we were witness to the offer. I noticed the maid holding a dish of
vegetables, wondering whether to come forward with them or not.
“All right, then,” Pratt said. “I’ll put up my house. Both my houses. And I’ll tell you
what I want you to be.”
5. Translate the following text into Indonesian, paying attention to the socio-cultural
meaning.
 During rehearsal at a community theater, there was a unusual accident. A
teenager outside lost control of his car, crashed through the back wall of the theater and
ended up the stage. Luckily, no one was hurt. As the boy got out of the wrecked car, the
director wanting to be funny, said, “Are you trying to break into show business?”
“No,” answered the boy. “It’s just stage I’m going through.”
TEXTUAL MEANING AND ADJUSTMENT
To understand further about Textual meaning that has been discussed before, consider the
following example :

1. He has lived here for two years.

2. What are you waiting for ?
3. This letter is for you.
4. He didn’t attend the lecture, for he was sick.

Now translate the following English text into Indonesian, paying attention to the textual
meaning.
In the course of some 350 years of colonization, this important segment of the
population, the entrepreneurs, was eliminated and replaced by the Dutch and other Europeans
as well as the overseas Chinese. At those times the indigenouspeople of Indonesia
were assigned a very minor role as farmers, merchants and low ranking civil servants.
It is therefore quite natural that since Indonesian independence and particularly during the
past fifteen years, efforts have been taken to recapture, to encourage and to strengthen the
spirit of entrepreneurship of the Indonesian people in order to mobilize the nation’s
potential.

Whenever the residents in the north west of China’s Yunnan Province need rain,
they simply yell for it, according to the Sanghai Liberation Daily. This phenomenon occurs
high in the Geoligong Mountains, where there is a group of pools nicknamed “enchanting
lake”.
“When speaks in a loud voice at the side of the lakes, heavy rain often follows
immediately,” the newspaper explained. “The louder the speaker , the heavier the rain.”
STUATIONAL MEANING AND ADJUSTMENT
To understand further about Situational meaning that has been discussed before, consider the
following example :
“Bapak perlu apa?” can be translated into :
“What do you mean?” or “What do you want?”
This translation happens without considering the situation where and when the text occurs.
The best translation of that sentence is : “Can I help you?”
Translate the following English texts into Indonesian.
Structurally, we are the most intricate components of Joe’s body, in no other piece of
body machinery is so much packed into so small a space. I have eight wrist bones, five
bones in my palms, fourteen in my partner’s twenty seven and we account for more than a
fourth of the bones in Joe’s body. My supply of nerves to detect the heat, touch and pain is
one of the most elaborate in the body. I have a thousands of nerve endings per square inch,
most heavily concentrated in my fingertips. Sensitivity here is extraordinary. Joe can feel in
the dark, moisten fingertip and determine
direction of the wind, and a thousand other things that he considers commonplace, instead
of looking on them as the true wonders they are.
The next morning he happened the place where she took board and room just as she was
coming out to walk to school.
“Well, here I am,” he said.
“And do you know,” she said, I’m not surprised.”
“May I carry your books?” he asked.
“Why, thank you, Bob.
They walked for a few minutes and he said nothing. She glanced over and slightly down at
him and saw how at ease he was, how happy he seemed. When they reached the edge of the
school ground, he said,” I better leave you here. The other kids wouldn’t understand.”
“I am not sure I do, either,” said Miss Taylor.
“Why, we were friends,” said Bob, with a natural honesty.
GRAMMATICAL ADJUSTMENT
Translation is not merely transferring words from Sl to Tl words or in vise versa, but it has to
consider about the difference of the linguistic components such as :
the structure or phrases
position of attributives or modifiers
morphological structure and categories
clause orders
elliptical constructions
restructuring of complex propositions
 statements into kernels
other related or similar elements.
Study the following grammatical patterns :
A. Attributives

Art. Attributive Noun

a smart student

a water tower

a smart young boy

a cripple old camel

a managing director

a challenging adventure

a swimming pool

a sewing machine

a written message

a stolen jewelry

a rotten Fruit

a spoken language

Noun Attributive

something beautiful

people in the dessert

books to read

room available

B. Gerund make you healthy

1. Gerund as subject drinking
Swimming will
2. Gerund as object
The man loves

3. Gerund as complement
His job is painting houses.
4. Gerund as object of preposition
That boy is interested in climbing mountain.
C. Tense markers

1. He writes a letter every week.

2. He is writing a letter right now.
3. He has already written a letter.
4. He wrote a letter yesterday.
5. He will write another letter tomorrow.
6. He had already written a letter before his friend came.
7. He was writing a letter when his friend came.
8. By the end of this semester he will have written six letters to his girl-friend.
9. By the time his friend came, he had already written two letters.

D. Modals

1. Her friend should be here in a few minutes.

2. Her friend must be here in a few minutes.
3. Our friend ought to be here in a few minutes.
4. Her friend can be here in a few minutes.
5. Her friend needn’t be here in a few minutes.
6. Her friend mustn’t be here in few minutes.
7. Her friend oughtn’t to be here in a few minutes.
8. Her friend may be here in a few minutes.
9. He is smart, isn’t he?
10. He didn’t keep the promise, did he?

E. Conditionals
1. If John works harder, he will pass the exam.
2. If I lived in the village, life would become easier.
3. If John had studied hard, he would have gotten good marks.
F. Verbs of wishing
1. The employer wishes to improve the workers’ welfare.
2. The test advisor requested that we not bring anything into the hall.
3. It is essential that my license be shown to the patrolman.
G. Subjunctives
1. John wishes that you had not made such a mistake.
2. Mary wishes that she were a beautiful princess.
3. The farmers usually talk to his animals as if they were human beings.
4. He acted as though she had been elected as a chairman of this firm.
H. Inversion
1. Seldom does Mr. Lea give a assignment this semester.
2. Never have I seen such a beautiful girl like her.
3. Not only did I see him, but talk to him as well.
4. Only if there is a translation test, will the students study hard.

I. Kernel Sentence

Kernel sentence is the simplest form of sentence in a long simple sentence or complex
sentence.
E.g. 1. The man wearing a black jacket and dark glasses is a policeman.
2. The man employed for this job caught the thief stealing a pack of wrist watch.

3. When I entered the old house, I saw something frightening.

Task I

A. Translate the following noun phrases into Indonesian.

1. a growing industrial complex

2. an unidentified flying object
3. a revolving door
4. a highly motivated student
5. the implied meaning
6. an ill-tempered landlady
7. scrambled eggs
8. the unfinished ghost story
B. Translate the sentences into Indonesian
1. Try to avoid making her angry.
2. You have had many opportunities of serving your country.
3. You can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs.
4. After reading this article, you will give up smoking.
5. Is there anything here worth buying?
6. If I were a well known politician, my country wouldn’t be dominated by corruptors.
7. Only if most of the people know the legal matters, will they not destroy the forest.
8. By the time father leaves the house for his job, mother will have finished preparing the
breakfast for him.

9. Mr. Chang talked to his students as if he were a popular advocate.

10. The lecturer insisted that the task not be submitted without being carefully edited and
neatly typed.

C. Translate the Indonesian sentences into English.

1. Gadis cantik yang tinggal di sebelah rumahku bekerja sebagai guru TK di lembaga ini.
2. Orang tua yang berkaca mata hitam itu berusia lebih dari satu abad.
3. Mahasiswa bertampang menawan yang duduk di kursi rotan itu, mudah bergaul dengan
semua mahasiswa di kelasnya.
4. Orang yang bertugas menjaga keamanan kampung kita selalu tidur pada waktu pagi dan
siang hari.
5. Tanah yang di persiapkan untuk pemukiman transmigran harus dibebaskn dari binatang-
binatang buas.
6. Anak laki-laki itu mambaca buku cerita yang dihadiahkan oleh pamannya pada ulang
tahunnya yang ke sepuluh.
7. Sewaktu anak-anak sedang bermain bola di halaman depan rumah, orang tuanya asyik
mengobrol dengan tetangganya sambil minum kopi.
8. Pencuri yang ditangkap polisi bulan lalu dihadiahi hukuman 2 tahun penjara.
9. Kami sekeluarga sedang makan malam ketika tiba-tiba lampu padam dan adik menjerit-
jerit ketakuatan.
10. Ketika perang dunia kedua pecah, saya baru berusia enam tahun dan duduk di kelas satu
sekolah dasar.
11. Andaikata saya melihat Kate, saya akan mengantarkannya pulang.
12. Seandainya saya mempunyai jabatan, dengan mudah saya akan mendapatkan uang.
13. Seandainya saja saya mengetahui kamu di rumah sakit, saya akan menjengukmu lebih
dulu dari pada teman-temanmu.
14. Andaikata saya mempunyai cukup waktu senggang saat ini, saya akan pergi bersamamu.
LEXICAL ADJUSTMENT
AFFIXED WORDS
There are two kinds of affixation, derivational affixation and inflectional affixation.
A. Derivational Affixation
Affixation which derives from one class of word to another class of word.
Study the following words :

water watery
hope hopeless
history historical
friend friendly
beautiful beautifully
happy happiness
long length
frank frankly
red redden
advise advice
 continue continuous
educate education
agree agreement

Try to find the meaning of the following prefixes and suffixes :

English prefixes

ante sebelum antebellum

mendahului antecedent
anti bertentangan anti-American
penangkis anti-aircraft
auto sendiri autodidact
bi dua bilingual
circum mengelilingi circumnavigation
co kerjasama cooperative
counter balasan counterblow
de penurunan degradation
penebangan deforestation
dis tidak disagree
ex mantan ex-soldier
hyper sangat hyperactive
inter antar intercultural
macro besar macrocosm
mal tidak mampu maladjustment
salah malnutrition
kegagalan malfunction
micro kecil microfilm
mini pendek miniskirt
mis salah misspell
mono satu monolingual
multi banyak multipurpose
non tidak nonalignment
post sesudah postwar
pre sebelum premature
prime utama prime mover
pro mendukung pro-military
re kembali rearrangement
semi setengah semitransparent
sub bagian subcommittee
trans antar transliteration
English Suffixes
able readable manageable
ful beautiful
colorful

ic economic mathematic
ical historical logical
ious continuous religious
ish selfish foolish
ly friendly conomically
ship friendship leadership
ance attendance allowance
ation organization internalization
dom freedom kingdom
ee employee examinee
er teacher speaker
ness happiness loudness
ist scientist economist
ism nationalism idealism
en deep deepen
ize maximize minimize
B. Inflectional affixes are affixes which are always attached to the base (stem).
E.g. work works
work worked
play playing
book books
strong stronger
strong strongest
Translate the following words or phrases into Indonesian or vise versa.

1. cold bloody killer

2. enchain
3. fleshy
4. endearment
5. bottomless pit
6. unlimited expenditure
7. taktertundukkan

8. penyerderhanaan yang berlebihan

Translate the following sentences into Indonesian or vise versa.

1. The industrial revolution has gradually developed in Japan since post-war time.
2. Indonesian has become self-supporting in rice under Mr. Suharto’s leadership.
3. The strikers have reached a settlement with the employers.
4. Every wife expects endearments from her husband.
5. Strict enforcement of a new law takes time in this country.
6. Karena sembrono, dia terjatuh ke dalam sumur yang sangat dalam sekali.
7. Kami memperoleh berita itu dari sumber yang meyakinkan.
8. Masa depan pencari kerja nampaknya tidak begitu menggembirakan.
9. Latar belakngnya yang tak pantas disebut dan sekarang dia mempunyai kesulitan
memperoleh pekerjaan.
10. Sedikit perasaan tak enak segera muncul setelah perceraian mereka yang menyangkut
tanggung jawab pemeliharaan anak mereka satu-satunya.
11. Karena penghasilannya yang makin berkurang dari hari ke hari, Amrin si tukang
becak itu pulang ke rumah dengan putus asa.
12. Menyadari kesalahannya, john segera meminta maaf kepada orang tua asuhnya.
COMPOUND WORDS
Compound word is a word consisting of two or more parts that make up one meaningful unit.
E.g. sunflower sun flower
bookstore book store
green eyed green eyed
grasshopper grass hopper
ceasefire cease fire
street-walker street walker

A. Translate the following words into Indonesian.

1. greenroom 5. grandstand
2. bloodhound 6. wasteland
3. blackleg 7. black sheep
4. homing pigeon 8. matchmaker
B. Translate the following words into English.
1. rumah hantu 6. baju renang
2. pencakar langit 7. kopi pahit
3. pelabuhan bebas8. pisau lipat
4. pasar gelap 9. lintah darat
5. hari gajian 10. tongkat polisi
C. Translate the following sentences into Indonesian or vise versa.
1. James is an able-bodied male who is fit for the army.
2. Dr. Smith is an absent-minded professor who always forgets his own birthday.
3. The navy cadets must get up at cock-crow.
4. Stuntman is accident-proof professional who risks his life only for money.
5. Karen has been liquor addicted for more than one years.
6. The Afro-Asian conference was commemorated in Bandung last year.
7. The news of assassination came like a bombshell.
8. That freckle-faced man is our new history teacher.
9. Setelah pensiun dari angkatan kepolisian Bob menjadi penjual keliling dari pintu kepintu.
10. Kelakuannya ketika suaminya sedang pergi membuat tentangganya merasa heran.
11. Pikiranmu sangat buruk setelah kamu tidak lulus ujian.
12. Pada puncak karirnya dokter itu berpenghasilan enam puluh ribu dolar setahun.
13. Tuan Bronson dulu biasa berburu di Afrika utara.
14. Berada di bak mandi yang berisi air panas terasa sangat enak setelah bekerja keras.
15. Satu-satunya kegemaran adikku adalah memasak. Tak mengherankan dia mempunyai
banyak sekali buku masak di rumah.
16. My friend likes to have white coffee but I would rather have it black.
17. A pocket-knife is more expensive than a safety razor.
18. It is impossible for any prisoner of war to escape from the prison due to well-trained
bloodhounds.
BLANDING, CLIPPING, AND ACRONYM

A. Blending

Blending is a fusion of two words into one, usually the first part of one word with the
last part of the other so that the resultant blend consists of both of original meanings.
E.g. motel motor hotel
brunch breakfast lunch
Kanwil kantor wilayah
Hansip pertahanan sipil
smog smoke fog
B. Clipping
Clipping is a process in which a word is formed by shortening a longer word.
E.g. lab laboratory
dorm dormitory
mag magazine
C. Acronym
Acronym is the result of forming a word from the first letter or letters of each word in
a phrase.
E.g. CIA Central Intelligence Agency
UNO United Nation organization ILO International
Labor Organization
TNI Tentara Nasional Indonesia
DPR Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
Identify which of the following is blending, clipping or acronym.

1. heliport 6. stuffocated
 2. ASEAN 7. prefab
3. frig 8. Kepsek
4. broasted 9. KTT
5. filmfest 10. Letkol

Give the Indonesian words that form the blending and then translate them intoEnglish.

1. Jatim 14. Kades

2. Kepsek 15. Korud
3. Puskur 16. Pendam
4. Sumut 17. Kemlu
5. Irja 18. Deppen
6. Satgas 19. Japen
7. GAMA 20. Depkes
8. Kepres 21. Depertan
9. Letkol 22. Depernas
10. KODAM 23. Deperindra
11. Kanwil 24. Banas
12. Hansip 25. Korwas

13. Satpam 26. Sekdes

Translate the following sentences into Indonesian or vise versa.

1. The president has directed the immediate establishment of prefab school houses for
children in flood area.
2. When I got to the subway station the train had already left.
3. The WHO which has various activities in the world is founded by UNO.
4. Puskur di Jakarta mengurusi pengembangan kurikulum untuk pendidikan mulai dari
tingkat paling bawah hingga tingkat atas.
5. Pada kunjungan ke Jatim Kasad memperingatkan agar kita mawas diri terhadap
bahaya laten komunis.
6. Tetangga saya telah menjabat sebagai anggota DPR selama lebih kuarang 2 tahun.
7. Kemlu kita cukup berhasil dalam menjalankan misinya berkat kepemimpinan bapak
Muhtar Kusuma Atmaja.
 8. Depkes takhenti-hentinya memberikan penerangan tentang bahaya AIDS khusususnya
di daerah perkotaan.
9. The house where Jim lives is situated in a shabby area, surrounded by many factories.
The air is dirty and full of smog.
10. About a half of dozen Russian subs were sighted by the US Coast Guard off the coast
of Cuba.
11. Being a Singaporean Susan Khoo speaks both Chinese and English.
12. 12. We had a chance to travel from Tokyo to the neighboring city by a monorail train
while we were in Japan.
13. 13. Katakan pada Bill agar dia tidak lupa membawa kartu identitas peserta saat
memasuki ruangan seminar di BANAS.
14. 14. Karena mempunyai delapan anak, petani tua itu mengalami banyak masalah
kekeluargaan yang harus deselesaikan melalui RT dan RW stempat sebelum diterukan
ke Desa.
15. 15. Jane telah bekerja sebagai pramugari di sebuah penerbangan milik swasta dan
sekarang dia bekerja sebagai staff di KEMENDAGRI.
16. 16. Harimau itu menyusui kedua anaknya di BONBIN Surabaya tanpa
memperhatikan banyak pengunjung melihatnya.

FIGURE OF SPEECH
Every writer has his or her own style. To understand the writer’s style, we have to
discuss about figure of speech.
Study the following figure of speech :

1. Euphemism

It is the use of words or phrases in place of what is required by truth or accuracy.

E.g. He passed away ( died).

He is mentally unbalanced (mad)

- Your friend is a bit slow, I’m afraid.
- She is not herself today.
- She is wetting her pants.
 - She must have lost her mind.

2. Simile
It is a figure of speech in which two objects are compared.

E.g. as quick as lightening

as hard as rock
as poor as church mouse
She is like a parrot.
She is as old as the hills.
as pale as a ghost
as silence as grave

3. Personification
It is a figure of speech containing the endowing of inanimate objects or abstract ideas
with human qualities or attributes.
E.g. The jocund day stands on tiptoe on the misty mountain tops.
The hurricanes swept away all the ships in the harbor.
The old train crept along the narrow pass.
The moon walks slowly and silently through the night.
TASK
Translate the following sentences into Indonesian.

1. That hungry boy ate like a horse.

2. Mr. John smokes like a chimney.
3. My grandfather is as old as the hills.
4. My grandma had passed away when I was still teenager.
5. My cousin who is talking by himself over there is mentally unbalanced.
6. Your brother is a bit slow on mathematics.
7. By midnight Salatiga is still wrapped in silence.
8. I wonder what will become of him if there is a fire. He always sleeps like a log.
9. Look, your daughter is so scared stiff that she is watering her pants.
10. Buddy had a mountain of work ahead of him.
11. The woods were blanketed with snow during winter.
12. That old spinster has a very sharp tongue.

Translate the following sentences into English, and use figure of speech whenever
possible.

1. Ibuku telah membeli sebungkul kobis dan dua bungkul slada.

2. Gigi gergajinya sangat tajam sekali se-hingga tukang kayu tersebut dapat me-motong
balok tebal cepat sekali.
3. Keterangan kata-kata yang dicetak tebal dapat dilihat pada bagian bawah halaman
tersebut.
4. Keluarga smith sangat melarat sekali dan tinggal di salah satu daerah miskin di New
York.
5. Miskipun buyutku sangat tua sekali, ia masih dapat mendengar dan melihat dengan
sempurna.
6. Karena kepanasan selama dua jam terus menerus wanita setengah baya

itu pingsan dan mukanya pucat sekali.

7. Guruku menerangkan bentuk dan arti if clause dengan jelas sekali.
8. Tuan smith adlah perokok berat. Dia merokok terus menerus sepanjang hari.
9. Dengan udara yang sangat panas ini Adam selalu haus dan dia minum terus menerus.
10. Orang Indian biasanya memiliki penglihatan yang sangat tajam sekali karena mereka
hidup di lembah yang luas sekali.
11. Di tengah malam Sumber Pucung, sebuah desa di dekat kota Malang, sunyi senyap sekali.
12. Permukaan jam dinding ini terbuat dari baja anti karat yang dicat abu-abu.
13. Pondok kecil itu terletak di kaki gunung Lawu lebih kurang 5 km dari Tawangmangu.
14. Sehabis hujan lebat terus menerus selama tiga hari pekarangan rumah kami penuh dengan
lumpur.
15. Boleh saya ke belakang?
 IDIOMS
Idiom is an expression which can’t be understood from the literal meaning of the word of
which it is composed.
Idiom should be learnt and understood in context. The context will help you guess the
meaning of an idiom intelligently.
Study the following examples :

1. Yesterday I went home in the rain, so I caught a cold. (masuk angin)

2. I wasn’t satisfied with my hotel room, so I made a fuss. (mengadu)
3. This university has produces many great men of letter. (sarjana)
4. It is too hot in this room, you must take off your jacket. (melepas)
5. The plane will take off at two o’clock sharp. (tinggal landas)

TASK 1
Translate the sentences into Indonesian. Focus on the words or phrases written in italics.

1. He always looks a gift horse in the mouth every time his teacher explains something.
2. The manager takes it for granted that I know all about office work.
3. The lesson is difficult but hammer away at it and you will understand it.
4. After more than ten unsuccessful attempts to get a new job, he began to lose heart.
5. The president said that the day the war ended would go down in history.
6. The team was determined to win the last game by hook or crook.
7. The workers worked into the evening and then came in and ate like a horse.
8. John had never been to a big party before and he was ill at ease.
9. She is in an interesting condition.
10. He was insulted, but he managed to keep his temper.
11. When we found that he had lied, we immediately kicked him out of the club.
12. He accepted his defeat like a lamb.
13. My dog made after the cat.
14. The owners of the Supermarket agreed to meet the strikers halfway.
15. In your new hairdo, you look like a million dollars.

16. Bill’s classmate made a monkey of his girlish.

17. Your name will be mud if you double-cross me.

 18. I have no complain about my customers. They all pay on the nail.
19. Jane’s mother was on pains and needles because she was late getting home from
school.
20. Her husband goes to night club night after night.
21. He took advantages of the lonely woman.
22. The factory operates around the clock with three shifts a day.
23. Mary’s father refused to stand bail for her when she was arrested on a drug charge.
24. We need some fresh blood in this company to raise the selling products in this city.

TASK 2
Translate the following sentences into Indonesian.

1. Arthur made a clean breast of cheating on the test to his teacher.

2. Whenever Billy is blamed for anything , he always tries to pass the buck.
3. He didn’t stand a chance of winning the first prize.
4. If you have sexual intercourse with a girl before she reaches the age of consent you
can be prosecuted.
5. We really up the creek now, here we are in the foreign country with no money.
6. His unkind remarks cut me to the quick.
7. The workmen find it hard to do without cigarettes.
8. 8. He devoted his time to badminton at the expense of his studies.
9. 9. The children were all ears when their father was describing the car crash.
10. 10. She always finds fault with the way I eat.
11. 11. Larry is a boy with a finger in every pie at school from drama to football.
12. 12. Tom has got ahead of all the other boys in the class.
13. 13. The color of her dress she was wearing at the party last night fitted like a glove to
her skin.
14. 14. The police haven’t found the murder yet, but they are convinced that the really
facts of the case will soon come to light.
15. 15. This year they run their shop in the black, last year they were in the red and now
they are in the black again.

TASK 3
Translate the following sentences into Indonesian. Focus on the idiomatic expressions
stated in italics.
 1. The film producer was in the red. Many of his films were commercially unsuccessful.
2. Jack visited his mother once in blue moon.
3. He arrived out of blue, without phoning first.
4. We have spent a lot of money on luxuries this year. We will have to draw in our horns
if we want to take that holiday in Switzerland.
5. A pretty blonde waitress working in a new restaurant seems to have turned John’s
head. He has lunch everyday now.
6. Mike and Phil had an agreement last night about who does most cleaning in the flat
they are sharing. I was careful not to take sides, as I want to stay good friends with
them both.

7. It stands on to reason that Paul won’t sell his business now that he has got it running so
well.
8. Brian made a sarcastic remark about my private life, so I told him to set his own house in
order before criticizing me.
9. Rachel is very happy with Robert at the moment, but when she stops seeing things
through rose-colored spectacles I think she will realize that he is only for her money.
10. Victor obviously doesn’t know what’s happened, otherwise he wouldn’t have made such
a tactless remark. You had better put him in the picture.
11. Norman is a very intelligent fellow. If he plays his card right, he may end up a partner in
the film before he is 40.

12. Don’t let Keith upset you. He loves laying down the law but nobody takes him very
seriously.
13. Diana really fell on her feet when she took a job with Brown & Brothers.

PROCESS OF TRANSLATION
There are three steps in the process of translation :

1. Understanding the meaning or message of the text in SL.

2. Looking for the equivalent meaning or message in TL.
3. Restructuring this equivalent meaning or message in the TL into an accepted form of
the text in TL.

Study the following ways :

She insisted on taking innumerable outfits with her, and arrived at the stationloaded with
luggage.
“I wish,” said the husband thoughtfully, “that we’d brought the piano.”
“You needn’t be sarcastic,” came the frigid reply. “It’s not a bit funny.
“I’m not trying to be funny,” he explained sadly. “I left the tickets on it.”
The first step is we find the meaning of the difficult words in SL :

1. Outfits = assemblage of articles

2. Innumerable = too many to count
3. Loaded with = burdened with
4. Thoughtfully = considerate
5. Sarcastic = being ironical
6. Frigid = without feeling, very cold
7. Wish = want, hope

The second step is to look for the equivalent meaning in Tl (Indonesian)

1. Outfits = perlengkapan
2. Innumerable = takterhitung banyaknya
3. Loaded with = dibebani dengan
4. Thoughtfully = dengan merenung
5. Sarcastic = mengejek
6. Frigid = tanpa perasaan
7. Wish = hendak, ingin

The third step is to reconstruct the sentences or words into acceptablecontext to meet the
original meanings :
 1. “I wish we’d brought the piano” will be best translated into “Andaikata kita juga
membawa piano”.
2. “Came the frigid reply” will be best translated into “ terdengar jawaban yang ketus”.
3. “I left the tickets on it” will be best translated into “ karcisnya tertinggal di atas
piano”.

Task I
Translate the following text into Indonesian.
Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because
progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and
more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement
in intelligence or morality., it has made an extraordinary progress in accumulation of
knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be
communicated to another by means of speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance
was made, for knowledge could then not only be communicated but also stored. Libraries
made education possible, and education in its turn added the libraries : the growth of
knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the
invention of printing.
Task II
Translate the following texts into Indonesian.
Stop using words that invite people to victimize you. Such put downs as “I’m not very
important, “I’m not really smart” or “I never understand legal matters” are really licenses for
other to take advantage of you. If you tell a waiter you are not good at figures while he is
adding up your check, you are teaching him that you won’t catch a mistake.
A man with a bristling gray beard came and sat next to me at lunch. He had pale blue eyes
and he talked of yachting in the English Channel. “It is not dangerous at all, provided you
don’t learn to swim.”
“Why is that?”
“When you are in the spot of trouble, if you can swim you try to strike out for the shore. You
invariably drown. As I can’t swim, I cling to the wreckage. That is my tip; if you are in
trouble, cling to the wreckage!”
It was my advice I have been taking most of my life.
THE CONCEPT OF MEANING
There are five different kinds of meaning in language.
 1. Lexical meaning

Lexical meaning is a meaning as defined in the dictionary.

E.g. Cave = gua
ape = kera
stone = batu
2. Grammatical meaning
Grammatical meaning is a meaning which is determined by word order and word forms.
E.g. a car factory.
a factory car
pocket money
money pocket
John goes to Surabaya by train.
John went to Surabaya by train.
John has gone to Surabaya by train.
3. Textual meaning
Textual meaning is a meaning which is based on the text.
E.g. That is ten times better.
His doctrine didn’t fit in with the times.
The child is counting his money.
There are ten of us, counting the children.
4. Situational meaning
Situational meaning is a meaning which is determined by the situation of the situation.
E.g. Fire !
Fire ?
Fire !
5. Socio-cultural meaning
Socio-cultural meaning is a meaning which is determined by socio-cultural concept.
E.g. A : Hai, mau kemana?
B : Mau kesana. Sedang apa?
A : Berkebun. Mari singgah.
B : Trima kasih. Sudah siang. Lain kali saja.
TASK
 1. Translate the English text into Indonesian, paying attention to the lexical meaning.

Consider the couple sent off to patch up an eroding marriage during the course
of one short weekend. These people were rushed by well meaning relatives into a situation
that was supposed to facilitate the forgiveness everyone saw as necessary, without any regard
for the fact that both these people were hurting deeply and needed time to let their hurt be
healed. They came back as hurt, resentful and non forgiving as when they left. And an
anxious friends and relatives indicated their disappointment that the weekend didn’t do the
trick.
2. Translate the English text into Indonesian, paying attention to the grammatical
meaning.
Then, the tiny erect figure of the maid in her white and black uniformwas
standing beside Richard Pratt, holding something out in her hand. “ I believe these are yours
sir,” she said.
Pratt saw the thin horn- rimmed spectacles that she held out to him, and for a
moment he hesitated. “Are they?”
“Yes, sir, they are yours.” The maid was an elderly woman, nearer 70 than 60, a
faithful family retainer of many year’s standing.
3. Translate the following text into Indonesian, paying attention to the textual meaning.
Each year Americans drink 2 ½ billion pounds of coffee, which account for 76
percent of our nearly 34 million-pound annual
coffee consumption. Eight out of ten adult Americans drink coffee, about 3.5 cups every day.
Many who are abstain from coffee and tea also consume caffeine often unwittingly. The
drug is found in chocolate, colas and other soft drinks, some fortify with up to 54 milligrams
of caffeine in each 12-ounce bottle. In addition, caffeine is present in diet pills, cold and
allergy pills, headache remedies, and even as anunnamed “flavoring agent” in some
puddings, frozen diary desserts and baked goods.
4. Translate the following text into Indonesian, paying attention to the situational
meaning.
The three women and I sat watching the two men. Our roast beef lay before us on
our plates, steaming.
“You say I can name the bet?” Pratt asked.
“That’s what I said.”
There was a pause while Pratt looked around the table. He appeared to be reminding us,
each in turn , that we were witness to the offer. I noticed the maid holding a dish of
vegetables, wondering whether to come forward with them or not.
“All right, then,” Pratt said. “I’ll put up my house. Both my houses. And I’ll tell you
what I want you to be.”
5. Translate the following text into Indonesian, paying attention to the socio-cultural
meaning.
During rehearsal at a community theater, there was a unusual accident. A
teenager outside lost control of his car, crashed through the back wall of the theater and
ended up the stage. Luckily, no one was hurt. As the boy got out of the wrecked car, the
director wanting to be funny, said, “Are you trying to break into show business?”
“No,” answered the boy. “It’s just stage I’m going through.”
TEXTUAL MEANING AND ADJUSTMENT
To understand further about Textual meaning that has been discussed before, consider the
following example :

1. He has lived here for two years.

2. What are you waiting for ?
3. This letter is for you.
4. He didn’t attend the lecture, for he was sick.

Now translate the following English text into Indonesian, paying attention to the textual
meaning.
In the course of some 350 years of colonization, this important segment of the
population, the entrepreneurs, was eliminated and replaced by the Dutch and other Europeans
as well as the overseas Chinese. At those times the indigenouspeople of Indonesia
were assigned a very minor role as farmers, merchants and low ranking civil servants.
It is therefore quite natural that since Indonesian independence and particularly during the
past fifteen years, efforts have been taken to recapture, to encourage and to strengthen the
spirit of entrepreneurship of the Indonesian people in order to mobilize the nation’s
potential.

Whenever the residents in the north west of China’s Yunnan Province need rain,
they simply yell for it, according to the Sanghai Liberation Daily. This phenomenon occurs
high in the Geoligong Mountains, where there is a group of pools nicknamed “enchanting
lake”.
“When speaks in a loud voice at the side of the lakes, heavy rain often follows
immediately,” the newspaper explained. “The louder the speaker , the heavier the rain.”
STUATIONAL MEANING AND ADJUSTMENT
To understand further about Situational meaning that has been discussed before, consider the
following example :
“Bapak perlu apa?” can be translated into :
“What do you mean?” or “What do you want?”
This translation happens without considering the situation where and when the text occurs.
The best translation of that sentence is : “Can I help you?”
Translate the following English texts into Indonesian.
Structurally, we are the most intricate components of Joe’s body, in no other piece of
body machinery is so much packed into so small a space. I have eight wrist bones, five
bones in my palms, fourteen in my partner’s twenty seven and we account for more than a
fourth of the bones in Joe’s body. My supply of nerves to detect the heat, touch and pain is
one of the most elaborate in the body. I have a thousands of nerve endings per square inch,
most heavily concentrated in my fingertips. Sensitivity here is extraordinary. Joe can feel in
the dark, moisten fingertip and determine
direction of the wind, and a thousand other things that he considers commonplace, instead
of looking on them as the true wonders they are.
The next morning he happened the place where she took board and room just as she was
coming out to walk to school.
“Well, here I am,” he said.
“And do you know,” she said, I’m not surprised.”
“May I carry your books?” he asked.
“Why, thank you, Bob.
They walked for a few minutes and he said nothing. She glanced over and slightly down at
him and saw how at ease he was, how happy he seemed. When they reached the edge of the
school ground, he said,” I better leave you here. The other kids wouldn’t understand.”
“I am not sure I do, either,” said Miss Taylor.
“Why, we were friends,” said Bob, with a natural honesty.