Probability & Statistics Formula Sheet
n!
Permutations: n Pr =
(n − r )!
n!
Combinations: n Cr =
r !(n − r )!
Range: Difference between largest and smallest number in data set.
= Q3 − Q1
Interquartile range: IQR
Mean: X = Sum of values/number of values in data set
n
1
Variance: σ 2 = ∑
⋅ ( X i − X ) 2 where X i is a data value, X is the mean and n is the number of values
n i =1
in data set
n
1
Standard Deviation: σ =σ 2 = ⋅
n
∑(X
i =1
i − X )2
Point Slope form: y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
y2 − y1
Slope formula: m =
x2 − x1
Standard Form Equation of a Quadratic Function: y = ax 2 + bx + c
Probability of Event “A”:
Joint Dependent Probabilities:
P ( A =
B ) P ( A) ⋅ P( B | A) where P(B|A) is “the probability of B after A”
P ( B =
A) P ( B ) ⋅ P ( A | B ) where P(A|B) is “the probability of A after B”
P ( AandB )
P( A | B) =
P( B)
Independent Events: P ( A B C ...) = P ( A) ⋅ P ( B ) ⋅ P (C ) ⋅ ...
Joint Probability of Union: P ( A B ) = P ( A) +P ( B ) − P ( A B )
n
Expected Value, Expected Mean: µ = ∑ x ⋅ P( x ) = x ⋅ P( x ) + x
i =1
i i 1 1 2 ⋅ P( x2 ) + x3 ⋅ P( x3 )... + xn ⋅ P( xn )
Standard Deviation of Expected Value or Mean:
n
σ= ∑ (x − µ)
i =1
i
2
⋅ P( xi ) = ( x1 − µ ) 2 ⋅ P( x1 ) + ( x2 − µ ) 2 ⋅ P( x2 ) + ... + ( xn − µ ) 2 ⋅ P( xn )
Binomial Probability Distribution:
n! x n− x
- Formula: P ( x) = p q
x(n − x)!
- Expected Value: µ = np
- Standard deviation: σ = npq