lsesLVj&3

lS)kfUrd fo"k;&edu 05
'kSf{kd ewY;kadu] fØ;kRed 'kks/k ,oa uokpkj
d{kk f’k{k.k% fo"k;oLrq
1- ekiu ,oa ewY;kadu
 'kSf{kd ekiu ,oa ewY;kadu dh vo/kkj.kkA
 'kSf{kd ekiu dk vFkZ
 ewY;kadu dh ladYiuk
 ewY;kadu ds mn~ns';
 ewY;kadu ds {ks=

 ewY;kadu dh vko';drk ,oa egRoA

 ewY;kadu dh iz'kklfud vko';drk
 ewY;kadu dh 'kSf{kd vko';drk
 ewY;kadu dh 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku esa vko';drk
 lkekftd n`f"Vdks.k ls ewY;kadu dh vko';drk

 ekiu ,oa ewY;kadu esa vUrjA

 ijh{k.k ,oa ekiu esa vUrj

 lrr~ ,oa O;kid ewY;kadu dh vo/kkj.kk ,oa egRoA

 n{krk vk/kkfjr ewY;kadu
 O;kid ewY;kadu
 lrr~ ewY;kadu ,oa egRo
 lrr~ ewY;kadu dh dk;Z&iz.kkyh ,oa lksiku
 lrr~ ewY;kadu dk {ks=A
 lrr~ ewY;kadu dh dk;Z&iz.kkyh ,oa lksiku

 ewY;kadu ds i{kA
 laKkukRed (Cognitive) Kku] cks/k] vuqiz;ksx ;k O;ogkfjdrk] fo'ys"k.k]
la'ys"k.k ,oa ewY;kaduA
 HkkokRed (affective) xzg.k djuk ;k /;ku nsuk] vuqfØ;k djuk] ewY;
vkaduk] laxBu] ewY; }kjk fof'k"Vhdj.k
 dkS'kykRed(Conative) ,oa lkekftd dkS'ky
O;ogkjkRed(Behavior overall ;kfU=d dkS'ky
activity)
xf.krh; dkS'ky
Hkk"kk;h dkS'ky

23
  mRrstuk
 fØ;kUo;u
 fu;a=.kA
 lek;kstu
 LokHkkohdj.k

 ewY;kadu ds izdkj&
 ekSf[kd ijh{kk
 fyf[kr ijh{kk
 lk{kkRdkj@fujh{k.k@voyksdu@izk;ksfxd
 jpukRed ewY;kadu (Formulative Evaluation)

 vkadfyr ewY;kadu (Summative Evaluation)

 mRre ijh{k.k@ewY;kadu dh fo'ks"krk,a] f'k{k.k vf/kxe vkSj ewY;kadu dk laca/kA

 iz'u&i= fuekZ.k izfØ;k
 ;kstuk fuekZ.k] CywfizUV] lEiknu rFkk vad fu/kkZj.kA

 iz'uksa ds izdkj ¼oLrqfu"B] vfry?kqmRrjh;] y?kqRrjh;] nh?kZmRrjh;½

 'kSf{kd mn~ns';ksa ds vuqlkj iz'uksa ds i{k ¼Kku] cks/k] vuqi;

z ksx] dkS'ky½

 ewY;kadu vfHkys[khdj.k ¼LkaKkukRed rFkk laKku lgxkeh i{k½ lrr~] ekfld] v)Zokf"kZd
,oa okf"kZd ewY;kadu] iqucZyuA
 funkukRed ijh{k.k ,oa mipkjkRed f'k{k.kA
 fØ;kRed 'kks/kA
 'kks/k dk vFkZ] izdkj] mn~ns';] vko';drk ,oa egRoA
 fØ;kRed 'kks/k ds {ks=A
 fØ;kRed 'kks/k ds pj.k ,oa izk:i fuekZ.kA
 fØ;kRed 'kks/k midj.k fuekZ.kA
 fØ;kRed 'kks/k dk lEiknu@vfHkys[khdj.kA

 'kSf{kd uokpkj
 f'k{kk esa uokpkj dk vFkZZ] vko';drk ,oa egRoA
 'kSf{kd uokpkj ds {ks= ¼f'k{k.k vf/kxe ds lq/kkj gsrq LFkkuh; leqnk;@ifjos'k ds
lalk/kuksa dh igpku vkSj mudk mi;ksx dj ewY;kadu] izkFkZuk LFky dh xfrfof/k] ikB~;
lgxkeh] fØ;kdyki] lkeqnkf;d lgHkkfxrk] fo|ky; izca/ku] fo"k;xr d{kk&f'k{k.k
lelkef;d n`"VkUr] ySc,fj;kA

24
iz;ksxkRed dk;Z@l=h;@izkstsDV dk;Z@ekWMy% izf'k{kq f'k{kdksa dks 'kSf{kd ewY;kadu]
fØ;kRed 'kks/k ,oa uokpkj ds izR;sd ikB esa vUrfuZfgr Kku] ladYiuk dks cPpksa rd igqWpkus ds
fy, izkstsDV] ekWMy] Game, Video clip, Audio clip, Experiment rS;kj djus dk dk;Z fn;k
tk;sxkA rS;kj fd;s tk ldus okys ekWMy@izkstsDV dh lkadsfrd lwph lgk;rkFkZ fuEuor~ gSA
f'k{kdx.k vU; fo"k;ksa ij Hkh ekWMy@izkstsDV dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrs gSaA
 izkstsDV dk;Z ds :i esa izR;sd izf'k{k.kkFkhZ }kjk de ls de nl cPpksa dks fpfUgr dj
bUVuZf'ki ds nkSjku muds O;ogkj esa ldkjkRed ifjorZu ykus dk iz;kl djuk vkSj
vk, gq, ifjorZu dk ewY;kadu djukA
 izR;sd izf'k{kq nks 'kSf{kd leL;kvksa dks fpfUgr dj mldk lek/kku fØ;kRed 'kks/k
v/;;u ds vuqlkj vk[;k lfgr izLrqr djsAa
 ewY;kadu ,oa f'k{k.k&vf/kxe dks ekWMy@pkVZ esa izLrqr djukA
 ewY;kadu dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa ij pkVZ@ekWMy rS;kj djukA
 ekiu ,oa ewY;kadu] ijh{k.k ,oa ekiu esa vUrj Li"V djus ds fy, lkexzh@
ekWMy@pkVZ rS;kj djukA

25
 lsesLVj&3
lS)kfUrd fo"k;&edu 06
lekos'kh f'k{kk ,oa fof'k"V vko';drk okys cPpksa dh f'k{kk] funZs'ku ,oa
ijke'kZ
d{kk f’k{k.k% fo"k;oLrq
1- [k.M ^v^ & fof’k"V vko’;drk okys cPps
 'kSf{kd lekos'ku ls vfHkizk;] igpku] izdkj] fujkdj.kA ;Fkk% vioafpr oxZ] Hkk"kk] /keZ]
tkfr] {ks=] o.kZ] fyax] 'kkjhfjd n{krk ¼n`f"Vckf/kr] Jo.kckf/kr ,oa okd~ @vfLFkckf/kr½]
ekufld n{krkA
 lekos'ku ds fy, vko';d midj.k] lkexzh] fof/k;k¡] Vh0,y0,e0 ,oa vfHko`fRr;k¡
¼attitude½A
 lekosf'kr cPpksa dk vf/kxe tk¡pus gsrq vko';d VwYl ,oa rduhdh
 lekosf'kr cPpksa ds fy, fo’ks"k f’k{k.k fof/k;k¡A ;Fkk&czsyfyfi vkfnA
2- [k.M ^c^ & funsZ’ku ,oa ijke’kZ
 lekos'kh cPpksa gsrq funsZ’ku ,oa ijke’kZ % vFkZ] mn~ns’;] izdkj] fof/k;k¡] vko’;drk ,oa {ks=
¼scope½
 ijke’kZ esa lg;ksx nsus okys foHkkx@laLFkk,¡
 euksfoKku’kkyk] m0iz0] bykgkckn
 e.Myh; euksfoKku dsUnz ¼e.My Lrj ij ½
 ftyk fpfdRlky;
 ftyk f’k{kk ,oa izf’k{k.k laLFkku esa izf’k{kr Mk;V es.Vj
 i;Zo{s k.k ,oa fujh{k.k rU=
 leqnk; ,oa fo|ky; dh lg;ksxh lfefr;k¡
 ljdkjh ,oa xSj ljdkjh laxBu
 cky&vf/kxe esa funsZ’ku ,oa ijke’kZ dk egRo

iz;ksxkRed dk;Z@l=h;@izkstsDV dk;Z@ekWMy% izf'k{kq f'k{kdksa dks lekos'kh f'k{kk ,oa fof'k"V
vko';drk okys cPpksa dh f'k{kk] funs'kZu ,oa ijke'kZ ds izR;sd ikB esa vUrfuZfgr Kku] ladYiuk dks
cPpksa rd igqWpkus ds fy, izkstsDV] ekWMy] Game, Video clip, Audio clip, Experiment rS;kj
djus dk dk;Z fn;k tk;sxkA rS;kj fd;s tk ldus okys ekWMy@izkstsDV dh lkadsfrd lwph
lgk;rkFkZ fuEuor~ gSA f'k{kdx.k vU; fo"k;ksa ij Hkh ekWMy@izkstsDV dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrs gSaA
 vius vkl&ikl ds lekosf'kr cPpksa dh leL;k irk djds mudh lwph cukb,A
 fofHkUu izdkj ds lekosf'kr cPpksa dh izd`fr dks pkVZ@ekWMy }kjk izLrqr djukA
 fofHkUu izdkj ds lekos'ku ij ,d pkVZ@ekWMy rS;kj djukA
 fofHkUu izdkj ds dSfyilZ dk ,yce cukukA
 de cksyus okys cPpksa ds fy, vkWfM;ks@ohfM;ks fDyi rS;kj djukA

27
 lsesLVj&3
lkekU; fo"k;&3
foKku
d{kk&f'k{k.k% fo"k;oLrq
 nSfud thou esa foKku ,oa izkS|kSfxdh ¼ifjogu] fpfdRlk] tulapkj] euksjatu] m|ksx] d`f"k]
eRL; ikyu] dqDdqV ikyu] vk/kqfud bZa/ku] nwjLFk f'k{kk½A ekuo lekt dks foKku ,oa
izkS|kSfxdh ls ykHk o gkfu;kaA
 nkc rFkk oSKkfud ;a=A
 tho tUrqvksa ds okg~; ,oa vkarfjd vaxksa ds dk;ksaZ esa fofo/krkA
 lw{; thoksa dh nqfu;k&lajpuk rFkk mi;ksfxrk] lw{e tho&nksLr ;k nq'euA HkksT; inkFkksZa
dk ifjj{k.kA
 izkd`frd lEink dk laj{k.k ,oa czãk.M thoksa dk foyqIrhdj.kA
 dkCkZu ,oa mlds ;kSfxdA
 vlaØked jksx@vfu;fer thou 'kSyh ls mRiUu jksx ¼e/kqegs ] mPp jDrpki] fny dh
chekfj;ka½ dkj.k] funku o mipkjA
 i;kZoj.k vkSj izkd`frd lalk/ku] tyh; ikS/kksa ,oa tkuojksa dk izkd`frd okl] e:n~fHkn ikS/kksa
,oa tkuojksa dk izkd`frd oklA i;kZoj.k vlarqyu esa ekuo dk gLr{ksi] oU; tho tUrqvksa
dk laj{k.k dk;ZØe] xzhu gkml xSlh; izHkko] vkstksu&{kj.k] /kjrh dk c<+rk rkiekuA
 Å"ek] izdk'k ,oa /ofu %& Å"ek dk ekiu] lapj.k o laoguA izdk'k % lzkrs ,oa lapj.k]
izdk'k dk ijkorZu o viorZu] xksyh;] vory o mRry ni.kZ }kjk izfrfcEc dk cuukA
/ofu % lapj.k] vko`fRr o vkorZdkyA
iz;ksxkRed dk;Z@l=h;@izkstsDV dk;Z@ekWMy% foKku ds izR;sd ikB ls izf'k{kq f'k{kdksa dks
ml ikB esa vUrfuZfgr Kku] ladYiuk dks cPpksa rd igqWpkus ds fy;s ,d izkstsDV] ekWMy] Game,
Video clip, Audio clip, Experiment rS;kj djus dk dk;Z fn;k tk;sxkA rS;kj fd;s tk ldus
okys ekWMy@izkstsDV dh lkadsfrd lwph lgk;rkFkZ fuEuor~ gSA f'k{kdx.k vU; fo"k;ksa ij Hkh
ekWMy@izkstsDV dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrs gSaA
 nkc ,oa cy dh ladYiuk dks Li"V djus gsrq ekWMy@izkstsDV@[ksy@Vh0,y0,e0 rS;kj
djsAa
 fofHkUu izdkj ds jksxksa ,oa dkj.kksa dks pkVZ@ekWMy ls iznf'kZr djsAa
 Å"ek ds laogu ij ekWMy@izkstsDV@Vh0,y0,e0 rS;kj djsAa
 /ofu ,oa mldh fofHkUu fof'k"Vrkvksa dks Li"V djus gsrq ekWMy@izkstsDV@Vh0,y0,e0
rS;kj djsAa
 dqN iq"iksa ds ijkxd.kksa dh lw{en'khZ; lajpuk dk v/;;uA
 LofufeZr oSKkfud midj.kksa }kjk oSKkfud ?kVukvksa dk ekWMy rS;kj djuk] tSls&VkpZ dk
ekWMyA
 larqfyr vkgkj dk pkVZ@ekWMy cukukA

39
 lw{e thoksa dh LykbM cukdj v/;;u djukA tSls&ngh ds thok.kqA
 'kgj ds ikdZ rFkk xkWoksa esa tkdj ikS/kksa dk v/;;u fd;k tkuk] mu ij izkt
s sDV rS;kj
djukA
 vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa dh fof'k"Vrk,¡ Li"V djus gsrq pkVZ@ekWMy rS;kj djsAa
 xfrfof/k tSls% ,d fxykl dks NsM+k]s nwljk laxhr mRiUu djsAa Hkki ls pyus okyk >wykA
fp= fn[ks ;k u Hkh fn[ksA xje djrs gh fy[kkoV mHkj vk;sA flag dh ngkM+ fMCcs esa vkfn
rS;kj djsAa

40
 lsesLVj&3
lkekU; fo"k;&3
xf.kr
d{kk&f'k{k.k% fo"k;oLrq
 vuqikr] lekuqikr] vuqykse ,oa izfrykse lekuqikr dk vFkZA
 lekuqikrh jkf’k;ksa esa ckg~; inksa ,oa e/; inksa ds xq.kuQy esa lEcU/kA
 ?kkrkad dh vo/kkj.kkA
 iw.kkZad rFkk ifjes; la[;kvksa dks ¼/kukRed vk/kkj ij½ ?kkrkad :i esa fy[kukA
 ljy o pØo`f) C;kt dh ladYiukA
 ljy C;kt] lw= rFkk pØo`f) feJ/ku dk lw= ,oa vuqi; z ksxA
 cSad dh tkudkjh] cSad esa [kkrk [kksyuk rFkk [kkrksa ds izdkjA
 y?kqxq.kd dh tkudkjh] ?kkrkad ls y?kqxq.kd rFkk bldk foykseA
 'ks;j] ykHkka’kA
 leqPp; dh ladYiuk] fy[kus dh fof/k;k¡] leqPp; ds izdkj ¼lhfer] vlhfer] ,dy] fjDr½]
leqPp;ksa dk la?k] vUrj rFkk loZfu"B leqPp; Kkr djukA
 pj jkf'k;ks dk xq.ku[k.M] nks oxksZa ds vUrj ds :i ds O;atdksa dk xq.ku[k.M] f}?kkrh;
f=inh; O;atdksa dk xq.ku[k.MA
 chtxf.krh; O;atdksa esa ,dinh; rFkk f}inh; O;atdksa ls HkkxA
 voxhZd`r vkadM+ksa ds ek/;A
 vk;ru ,oa /kkfjrk dh ladYiuk rFkk bdkb;k¡A
 ?ku] ?kukHk dh vo/kkj.kk rFkk budk vk;ru ,oa lEiw.kZ i`"BA
 o`Rr[k.M ,oa f=T;k [k.M dh vo/kkj.kkA
 o`Rr [k.M dk dks.k
 o`Rr ds pki }kjk o`Rr ds dsUnz rFkk ifjf/k ij cus dks.kksa dk lEcks/k ,oa budk ijLifjd
lEcU/kA
 o`Rr dh Nsnd js[kk] Li’kZ js[kk rFkk Li’kZ fcUnq dh vo/kkj.kkA
 o`Rr ij fn;s gq;s fcUnq ls Li’kZ js[kk [khapukA
iz;ksxkRed dk;Z@l=h;@izkstsDV dk;Z@ekWMy% izf'k{kq f'k{kdksa dks xf.kr ds izR;sd ikB esa
vUrfuZfgr Kku] ladYiuk dks cPpksa rd igqWpkus ds fy, izkstsDV] ekWMy] Game, Video clip,
Audio clip, Experiment rS;kj djus dk dk;Z fn;k tk;sxkA rS;kj fd;s tk ldus okys
ekWMy@izkstsDV dh lkadsfrd lwph lgk;rkFkZ fuEuor~ gSA f'k{kdx.k vU; fo"k;ksa ij Hkh
ekWMy@izkstsDV dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrs gSaA
 xf.krh; euksjatu ds dksbZ ik¡p [ksy&lkexzh dk fuekZ.k djukA
 vuqikr] lekuqikr] vuqykse ,oa izfrykse lekuqikr ds vFkZ dks le>kus gsrq ekWMy@lkexzh
fodflr djukA

46
 lekuqikrh jkf’k;ksa esa ckg~; inksa ,oa e/; inksa ds xq.kuQy dks Li"V djus gsrq lkexzh
cukukA
 ?kkrkad dh vo/kkj.kk dks Li"V djus gsrq mnkgj.k ,oa lkexzh fufeZr djukA
 ljy o pØo`f) C;kt] feJ/ku dh ladYiuk dks Li"V djus gsrq [ksy@ekWMy@izkstsDV@
lkexzh cukukA
 cSadksa dh tkudkjh] cSad esa [kkrk [kksyuk vkfn ds fy, [ksy@ekWMy@izkstsDV@lkexzh
cukukA
 'ks;j] ykHkka’k ij [ksy@ekWMy@izkstsDV@lkexzh cukukA
 leqPp; dh ladYiuk] leqPp; ds izdkj] leqPp;ksa dk la?k vkfn Li"V djus ds fy,
[ksy@ekWMy@izkstsDV@lkexzh cukukA
 pj jkf'k;ksa ds xq.ku[k.M dh ladYiuk dks Li"V djus gsrq [ksy@ekWMy@izkstsDV@lkexzh
cukukA
 voxhZd`r vkadM+ksa ds ek/;@ckjEckjrk@ekf/;dk dks Li"V djus gsrq [ksy@ekWMy@
izkstsDV@lkexzh cukukA
 ?ku] ?kukHk dh vo/kkj.kk rFkk budk vk;ru ,oa lEiw.kZ i`"B dks Li"V djus gsrq [ksy@
ekWMy@izkstsDV@lkexzh cukukA
 o`Rr[k.M] Li'kZ js[kk] pki] f=T;k vkfn dh vo/kkj.kk dks Li"V djus gsrq [ksy@ekWMy@
izkstsDV@lkexzh cukukA

47
 lsesLVj&3
lkekU; fo"k;&3
lkekftd v/;;u
d{kk&f'k{k.k% fo"k;oLrq
 Hkkjr esa eqxy lkezkT;&ckcj] gqek;w¡ o mldh Lons'k dks iqu% okilh&'ksj'kkg dk mn;]
vdcj] tgkWxhj] vkSjaxtsc o eqxy lkezkT; dk iruA
 eqxyksa dk iz'kklfud lkekftd] lkaLd`frd] dykRed ,oa vkfFkZd {ks= esa ;ksxnkuA
 ejkBk 'kfDr dk vH;qn;&f'kokth] vB~Bkjgoha 'krkCnh esa Hkkjr dh fLFkfrA
 Hkkjr esa ;wjksih; 'kfDr;ksa dk izos'k ,oa bZLV bafM;k daiuh dh LFkkiuk] iqrZxkyh] Mp]
vaxzst] Qzkla hlhA
 Hkkjr dh lRrk ds fy, ;wjksih; 'kfDr;ksa esa la?k"kZ&izFke] f}rh; o r`rh; dukZVd ;q)] MwIys
dh uhfr] Iyklh dk ;q)] cDlj dk ;q)] bykgkckn dh laf/kA
 Hkkjr esa vaxzsth lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk&jkcVZ Dykbo] okjsu gsfLVaXt] ykMZ dkUkZokfyl] ykMZ
osystyh] ykMZ fofy;e csafVd] ykMZ MygkSthA
 tho e.My&izkd`frd izns'k ,oa tuthou ¼'khr dfVcU/kh; izns'k] m".k dfVcU/kh; izn's k]
'khrks".k dfVcU/kh; izns'k] tyok;q] ouLifr] thotUrq] ekuo thou½] m|ksx /ka/ksA
 Hkw[k.Mksa dk foHkktu&,f'k;k] ;wjksi] mRrjh vesfjdk] nf{k.kh vesfjdk] vÝhdk] vkLVªsfy;k
rFkk vaVkdZfVdk&lkekU; ifjp;] tula[;k dk foLrkj ,oa ?kVdA
 fo'o esa&izkd`frd lalk/ku] ;krk;kr rFkk lapkj ds lk/ku] [kfut lEinkA
 euq"; dh vko';drk rFkk mldh iwfrZ gsrq iz;Ru dh fn'kk esa izkd`frd lEink dk mi;ksx
,oa laj{k.kA
 gekjk Hkkjr&izkd`frd ,oa jktuSfrd bdkbZ;ka] gekjh izkd`frd lEink vkSj mudk
lnqi;ksxA
 gekjh [kfut lEink] 'kfDr ds lk/ku] d`f"k vkSj flapkbZ] vk;kr&fu;kZrA
 ljdkj ds vax&'kfDr dk i`FkDdj.k] 'kfDr;ksa dk caVokjk&dsUnz lwph] jkT; lwph] leorhZ
lwph ds izeq[k fo"k;A
 laln&
 yksdlHkk&lnL;ksa dh ;ksX;rk,a] dk;Zdky] inkf/kdkjh] vf/kos'ku o dk;ZA
 jkT;lHkk&lnL;ksa dh ;ksX;rk,a] dk;Zdky] inkf/kdkjh] vf/kos'ku o dk;ZA
 jk"Vªifr&pquko] dk;Zdky] egkfHk;ksx] 'kfDr;k¡] eaf=eaMyA
 dkuwu cukus dh izfØ;k&lk/kkj.k cgqer] fo'ks"k cgqerA
 dk;Zikfydk&iz/kkuea=h o eaf=ifj"kn&pquko dk;Z] laln dk eaf=ifj"kn ij fu;a=.kA
 U;k;ikfydk&U;k;ky; ds izdkj&
 tuin Lrjh; U;k;ky;
 mPp U;k;ky;
 mPpre U;k;ky;
 U;k;k/kh'kksa dh ;ksX;rk,a] dk;Zdky

55
  mPpre U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkj
 yksd vnkyr
 tufgr okn
 Hkkjrh; foRr O;oLFkk o ctV&dj o mlds izdkj] dsUnz o jkT;ksa ds e/; djkas dk cWVokjk]
dsUnz ljdkj dh vk;&O;; ds lzkrs ] jkT; ljdkj dh vk;&O;; dh ens]a ljdkj }kjk
f'k{kk ds n`f"Vdks.k ls ctV&2013&14 esa j[ks x;s fcUnqA
 iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,a&D;k] fiNyh 11oha iapo"khZZ; ;kstukvksa ds eq[; fcUnq] orZeku esa 12 oha
iapo"khZ; ;kstuk&fo'ks"kdkj f'k{kk ds n`f"Vdks.k lsA
 Hkkjrh; vk/kqfud cSafdx O;oLFkk&cSad o muds izdkj Hkkjr; fjtoZ cSad] LVsV cSad] Hkwfe
fodkl cSad] {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad] ukckMZ] bZ&cSafdx] cSadks dk jk"Vªh;dj.k o futhdj.k]
vk/kqfud vFkZO;oLFkk esa cSadks dk egRoA
iz;ksxkRed dk;Z@l=h;@izkstsDV dk;Z@ekWMy% izf'k{kq f'k{kdksa dks lkekftd v/;;u ds
izR;sd ikB esa vUrfuZfgr Kku] ladYiuk dks cPpksa rd igqWpkus ds fy, izkstsDV] ekWMy] Game,
Video clip, Audio clip, Experiment rS;kj djus dk dk;Z fn;k tk;sxkA rS;kj fd;s tk ldus
okys ekWMy@izkstsDV dh lkadsfrd lwph lgk;rkFkZ fuEuor~ gSA f'k{kdx.k vU; fo"k;ksa ij Hkh
ekWMy@izkstsDV dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrs gSaA
 lYrur ,oa eqxy LFkkiR; dyk dh rqyukRed fLFkfr Li"V djus gsrq ekWMy@pkVZ rS;kj
djsAa
 xzk¡.M Vªad jksM] d`f"k] [kfut] izeq[k lM+d ekxZ] izeq[k jsyekxZ] izeq[k tyekxZ dks
ekufp=@ekWMy esa n'kkZ,¡A
 ;wjksih; 'kfDr;ksa ds vkxeu ds QyLo:Ik gq, O;kikfjd ekxksZa dh [kkst o fofHkUu
vkfo"dkjksa ij ,d ys[k fy[ksA
 Hkkjr esa vaxzstksa ds dky esa gq, lq/kkj o fodkl dk;ksZa ij ,d lekykspukRed fVIi.kh
fyf[k,A
 Xyksc ,oa fo'o ds izkd`frd izns'kksa dks ekWMy@ekufp= ij n'kkZ,¡A
 fo'o ds ekufp= ij fodflr ns'k] fodkl'khy ns'k ¼izeq[k½ ns'kksa dks n'kkZ,aA
 dsUnz lwph] jkT; lwph o leorhZ lwph ij ,d pkVZ rS;kj djsAa
 dsUnz o jkT; ljdkj dh vk; O;; ds lzksr dks pkVZ }kjk iznf'kZr djsAa
 eqxy lzkekT; lHkh 'kkldksa dk dky Øekuqlkj QksVks ,yce cuk,aA
 eqxy dky ls ysdj vaxzstksa ds vkxeu rd gq, izeq[k ;q)ksa ij ,d fjiksVZ rS;kj djsAa
 orZeku dh Mkd O;oLFkk o 'ksj'kkg dh Mkd O;oLFkk esa fHkUurk ij fjiksVZ rS;kj djsAa
 Hkkjr ds lHkh jk"Vªifr;ksa ds ukeksa o dk;Zdky dks lwphc) djrs gq, QksVks ,yce cuk;saA
 fiNys nl o"kksZa dh lk{kjrk fLFkfr ij ,d ikWoj IokbaV iztsVs'ku rS;kj djsAa
 fdlh jk"Vªh;d`r cSd@futh cSad dk Hkze.k dj mlesa py jgh cSafdx ;kstukvksa ij fjiksVZ
rS;kj dhft,A

56
 lsesLVj&3
lkekU; fo"k;&3
fgUnh
d{kk&f'k{k.k% fo"k;oLrq
 ikB~;iqLrd esa vk;s izeq[k dfo;ksa vkSj ys[kdksa dk lkekU; ifjp;A
 Jqr lkexzh esa iz;qDr 'kCnks]a eqgkojksa] yksdksfDr;ksa dk izlaxkuqdwy iz;ksxA
 jk"Vªh; ioksZa] esyk] R;ksgkj TkSls fo"k;ksa ij vius 'kCnksa esa x| vFkok i| esa Lora= ys[kuA
 drkZ deZ ds vuqlkj fØ;k esa ifjorZu] rRle] rn~Hko ns'kt :iksa dk ifjp;] ljy la;qDr
o fefJr okD;] okD;ka'k ds fy, ,d 'kCn dk iz;ksxA
 ikB~;iqLrd ds vfrfjDr vU; ikB~;oLrq dks i<+dj le>ukA
 vkSipkfjd ,oa vukSipkfjd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuq:i mi;qDr Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx djukA
 vf/kxe izfrQy dk ewY;kadu] f'k{k.k izfØ;k ,oa cPpksa ds fØ;kdykiksa ds lkFk] izFke nks
d{kkvksa esa ekSfyd vkSj izs{kkRed ewY;kaduA rFkk d{kk&3 ls vkxs dh d{kkvksa esa vU;
rduhdksa ds iwjd:i esa fyf[kr ijh{kk dk lapkyuA
iz;ksxkRed dk;Z@l=h;@izkstsDV dk;Z@ekWMy% izf'k{kq f'k{kdksa dks fgUnh ds izR;sd ikB esa
vUrfuZfgr Kku] tkudkjh ,oa ?kVukvksa ds vUr% lEcU/kksa dks cPpksa rd igqWpkus ds fy, izkstsDV]
ekWMy] [ksy] xfrfof/k] n`';&JO;¼ohfM;ks@vkfM;ks½] lkexzh] iz;ksx rS;kj djus dk dk;Z fn;k
tk;sxkA rS;kj fd;s tk ldus okys ekWMy@izkstsDV dh lkadsfrd lwph lgk;rkFkZ fuEuor~ gSA
f'k{kdx.k vU; fo"k;ksa ij Hkh ekWMy@izkstsDV dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrs gSaA
 vkRedFkk ,oa ;k=k o`rkUr dk ekSfyd ys[kuA
 fofHkUu fojke fpUgksa okys vuqPNsnksa dk fuekZ.kA
 eqgkojksa ,oa yksdksfDr;ksa ds chp vUrj Li"V djus dh lkexzhA
 'kCnksa dh mRifRr ij ekWMy@izkstsDVA
 ,d gh fo"k; ij fy[kh x;h dforkvksa ds dfo;ksa dk laxzg rS;kj djukA
 lekpkj&i=ks]a if=dkvksa ls d{kk f'k{k.k ds fy;s mi;ksxh lkexzh dk ladyu rS;kj djukA

62
 lsesLVj&3
lkekU; fo"k;&3
laLd`r
d{kk f’k{k.k% fo"k;oLrq
 laLd`r o.kZifjp; o muds /ofu mPpkj.k LFkku dk KkuA
 lfU/k izdj.k & izdkj] lw=] fu;e funsZ'k lfgr lfU/k foxzg ,oa lfU/k djus dk KkuA
 lekl izdj.k & vO;;hHkko] rRiq#"k] deZ/kkj;] f}xq] cgqczhfg o }U} lekl dk KkuA
 'kCn :i & 'kCn izdkj] opu o foHkfDr;ksa dk KkuA
 /kkrq:i & yV~] yksV~] y³~] fof/kfy³~ o y`V~ydkj dk iq#"k o opu lfgr KkuA
 dkjd foHkfDr ,oa fpg~u dk KkuA
 lqHkkf"kr 'yksdksa dk lLoj ikB o vuqdj.k okpuA
 ikB~;iqLrd ds va'kksa dk lqys[k] vuqys[k] Jqrys[k ,oa ljy vuqoknA
 laokn ikBksa ij vk/kkfjr laLd`r esa NksVs&NksVs okD;ksa dh jpuk djus dk KkuA
 fgUnh okD;ksa dk laLd`r esa vuqoknA
 milxZ] izR;; ,oa okP; ifjorZu dk KkuA
 ,d ls ipkl rd laLd`r la[;kvksa dk KkuA
 laHkkO; f'k{k.k fo/kk,¡ & f'k{kd izf'k{k.k esa fØ;kdyki vk/kkfjr f'k{k.k&vf/kxe dk Kku]
ekWMy] xse] ohfM;ks fDyi] vkWfM;ks fDyi] iz;ksx rS;kj djds] ';keiV~V dk;Z ds }kjk] 'kCn
ifV~Vdk] pkVZ] dfBu 'kCnksa ds pkVZ o mPpkj.kkH;kl ds ds }kjk vfHku; o iz'uksRrj]
izf'k{kd&f'k{kd lgHkkfxrk vkfn ds }kjk izHkkoh f'k{k.k ds lEHko gSA
iz;ksxkRed dk;Z@l=h;@izkstsDV dk;Z@ekWMy% izf'k{kq f'k{kdksa dks laLd`r ds izR;sd ikB esa
vUrfuZfgr Kku] ladYiuk dks cPpksa rd igqWpkus ds fy, izkstsDV] ekWMy] Game, Video clip,
Audio clip, Experiment rS;kj djus dk dk;Z fn;k tk;sxkA rS;kj fd;s tk ldus okys
ekWMy@izkstsDV dh lkadsfrd lwph lgk;rkFkZ fuEuor~ gSA f'k{kdx.k vU; fo"k;ksa ij Hkh
ekWMy@izkstsDV dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrs gSaA
 laLd`r fo"k; dh dfBukbZ;ksa ls lEcfU/kr ,d fØ;kRed 'kks/kA
 LofufeZr f’k{k.k vf/kxe lkexzh dk fuekZ.k o iz;ksxA
 laLd`r esa fucU/k@i= ys[kuA
 laLd`r esa okn&fookn izfr;ksfxrk rFkk vfHkys[khdj.kA
 fofHkUu laLd`r xzUFkkas@d`fr;ksa@jpukdkjksa ij pkVZ@izLrqrhdj.k rS;kj djukA

66
 lsesLVj&3
lkekU; fo"k;&3
ÅnwZ

69
 lsesLVj&3
lkekU; fo"k;&3
dEI;wVj f'k{kk
 I.C.T. (Information & Communication Technology)
 Introduction to ICT
 Introduction & Basic Concepts
 Application & Benefits of ICT in education
 Scope of ICT in education

 I.C.T. in Education & Studies

 For Teachers
 Use of ICT for knowledge enhancement
 Accessing Internet
 Using Websites (Wikipedia, open digital educational resources etc.)

 Using Search engines

 Communicating with Experts

 Accessing CD-ROMs & DVDs

 Using digital content

 Accessing digital content

 Using eBooks

 Using eTutorials & training videos (YouTube etc.)

 Use of ICT for education delivery

 SMART CLASSES and Digital Blackboard
 Creating & using Slide-Presentations with Projectors
 Educational A-Vs (Audio-Videos) Modules (Animated or Non-Animated or both)
 Using online elabs, eLibraries & eMuseum in classes
 Delivering Distance Education through Digital/Online services ODL mode
 EDUSAT

 Classes through Teleconferencing & Video conferencing

 Prasar Bharti’s education services

 Radio Service (‘Gyanvani’ Radio Station)

 Television Service (DoorDarshan’s ‘GyanDarshan’ Chanel)
 Query handling through Chat applications & Email

 eTutions through Online Web-Portals

 Moocs, DER etc.

 For Students

 Use of ICT for knowledge enhancement

 Developing eContent through Internet
 Digital Project Development
 Accessing education through Radio and TV services
 Doubt clearing through online chats with experts
 Online Tests through Exam Web Portals (MeritNation.com etc.)
 eTutions

79
  Accessing various competitive Exams information online
 Job Search & Enquiries through Job Portals (Naukri.com, Monster.com etc.)
 I.C.T. in School Management
 Using Online services / tools
 Official Website for communication between school and students (and their guardians),
School staff etc.
 Online complaint portal for queries and problem eradication
 Using School Management Software application/ tools
 Digitization of School Data for transparency (Attendance, Books, Uniforms, Test Scores
etc.)
 Data mining for effective decision making
 ICT in office work
 Using Office packages for record maintenance & documentation
 Exchange of Emails for quick & cheap communication
 Teleconferencing & Video conferencing to save time & money
 Experimental/Sessional Work:-
 Create a Web page which contains information about our country, State, City or Institution.
Webpage should include some pictures and a Map.
 Visit any website which offers free greeting cards. Send any greeting card of your choice to
your teachers.
 Create a PowerPointPresentation on any typye and present it using projectors
 Practice of the theoritical aspects, in the Computer Lab of the Institution.
 Slide Presentations- 08
 Minimum of 7-10 slides each based on elementary school text book etc.
 Project work
 A ten page project work contains Text & Graphics (Per Trainee)
 School records digitization
 Use any office package to maintain digital records throughout the internship
 It must contain
1. Daily Attendance (Students & Self)
2. Students Profile
3. Digital Monthly summary (Create & Upload on Social Pages of School/DIET)
4. Internship related photograph (1 in a week) (Upload on Social Pages of School/DIET)
5. Presentation on School Analysis
 Inspection of the computers installed in the Computer Centers of the Upper Primary Comuter
Labs of our District and students will also install necessary softwares.
 Create one's personal e-mail account and send an attachment to the e-mail account of the
institution (Taking full care of the e-mail etiquette)
Practice of the theoritical acpects in the Computer Lab of the Institution.

80
 lsesLVj&1] 2] 3 o 4
lkekU; fo"k;&1] 2] 3 o 4
lektksi;ksxh mRiknd dk;Z
d{kk&f'k{k.k% fo"k;oLrq
 x`gf'kYi dk vFkZ] vko';drk] egRo rFkk {ks=A
 fofHkUu izdkj dk diM+k o Åu [kjhnrs le; /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsAa
 ikd dyk djrs le; /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa ,oa mudh lko/kkfu;kaA
 Hkkstu ijkslrs le; /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa rFkk Hkkstu ijksluk ,d dykA
 flykbZ ds izeq[k Vkdkas dk Kku rFkk diM+ksa ij mudk iz;ksxA
 flykbZ midj.k ,oa mudk mfpr iz;ksxA
 flykbZ ,oa d<kbZ esa vUrjA
 cqukbZ djrs le; /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsaA
 fofHkUu izdkj ds oL=ksa dh /kqykbZ] lQkbZ] izsl lEcfU/kr KkuA
 x`g izcU/k ls lacaf/kr KkuA
 feV~Vh dh igpku] oxhZdj.k] dVko] dVko dh jksdFkkeA
 [kkn rFkk moZjdksa dk egRo] rqyukRed v/;;u] [kkn rFkk moZjdksa dk Qlyksa esa ç;ksxA
 fofHkUu çdkj dh [kknksa ;Fkk&xkscj dh [kkn] dEiksLV o gjh [kkn rFkk tSfod [kkn dh
rS;kjh o ç;ksxkA
 ukbVªkts u] QkLQksjl o iksVk'k moZjdksa dk v/;;u o Qlyksa esa ç;ksxA
 flapkbZ ds fy, ukfy;k¡ cukuk] vf/kd o de flapkbZ ls gksus okyh gkfu;k¡A
 tqrkbZ ds ;a= ;Fkk& ns'kh] esLVu o ds;j gy vkfn dk rqyukRed v/;;uA
 m|ku lEcU/kh ;a= ;Fkk& gSaMgks] fldsfV;j] dye] iSacn o pkdw dk mi;ksxA
 m|ku foKku ,oa mldk egRo] Hkkstu esa Qy rFkk lfCt;ksa dh mi;ksfxrkA
 Ñf"k o m|ku fo"k; dk ewY;kaduA
^,* & x`gf'kYi
 x`gf'kYi fo"k; dk vFkZ] vko';drk] egRo o {ks=A
 Hkkstu dh vko';drk] ikSf"Vd rRo rFkk mldh izkfIr ds lzkrs rFkk budh deh ls gksus okys
jksxA
 larqfyr vkgkj&dqiks"k.k] dkj.k ,oa fuokj.kA
 ikd dyk&Hkkstu cukrs ,oa ijkslrs le; /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa o lko/kkfu;k¡A
 xHkZorh L=h ,oa uotkr f'k'kq dh ns[kHkky] Vhdkdj.kA
 flykbZ ,oa cqukbZ djrs le; /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsaA
 fofHkUu izdkj ds diM+s o Åu [kjhnrs le; /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsAa
 flykbZ ds izeq[k midj.k ,oa izeq[k Vk¡dksa dk Kku rFkk diM+kas ij mudk iz;ksxA
 fofHkUu izdkj ds oL=ksa dh /kqykbZ] izsl ,oa j[k&j[kko ls lEcfU/kr KkuA
 vuqi;ksxh oLrqvksa ls mi;ksxh ,oa dykRed oLrq,¡ cukukA

^ch* & d`f"k

 feV~Vh dh igpku] oxhZdj.k] dVko] dVko dh jksdFkkeA
 [kkn rFkk moZjdksa dk egRo] rqyukRed v/;;u] [kkn rFkk milZjdksa dk Qlyksa esa iz;ksxA

82
  fofHkUu izdkj dh [kknksa ;Fkk & xkscj dh [kkn] dEiksLV o gjh [kkn rFkk tSfod [kkn dh
rS;kjhA
 ukbVªkt s u] QkWLQksjl o iksVk'k moZjdksa dk v/;;u o Qlyksa esa iz;ksxA
 fofHkUu izdkj ds dhVuk'kdksa dh tkudkjh ,oa iz;ksxA
 flapkbZ ds fy, ukfy;k¡ cukuk] vf/kd o de flapkbZ ls gksus okyh gkfu;k¡A
 tqrkbZ ds ;a= ;Fkk & ns'kh] esLVu o ds;j gy vkfn dk rqyukRed v/;;uA
 m|ku lEcU/kh ;a= ;Fkk & gSaMgks] fldsfV;j] dye] iScan o pkdw dk mi;ksxA
 m|ku foKku ,oao mldk egRo] Hkkstu esa Qy rFkk lfCth;ksa dh mi;ksfxrkA
 d`f"k o m|ku fo"k; dk ewY;kaduA
iz;ksxkRed dk;Z@l=h;@izkstsDV dk;Z@ekWMy% izf'k{kq f'k{kdksa dks lektksi;ksxh mRiknd
dk;Z ds izR;sd ikB esa vUrfuZfgr Kku] ladYiuk dks cPpksa rd igqWpkus ds fy, izkstsDV] ekWMy]
Game, Video clip, Audio clip, Experiment rS;kj djus dk dk;Z fn;k tk;sxkA rS;kj fd;s tk
ldus okys ekWMy@izkstsDV dh lkadsfrd lwph lgk;rkFkZ fuEuor~ gSA f'k{kdx.k vU; fo"k;ksa ij Hkh
ekWMy@izkstsDV dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrs gSaA
 Mªkf¶Vax dkxt ij djukA
 oL=ksa dh Mªkf¶Vax] dfVax] flykbZ o d<kbZ djukA
 rfd, dk fxykQA
 >cyk] cschQzkd
 dyhnkj isVhdksVA
 lknk ik;tkek
 :eky ¼fofHkUu izdkj ds Vkadksa ls ltku½
 estiks'k
 dkt cukus dk vH;kl
 LosVj] ekstk] Vksih cukukA
 fofHkUu izdkj dh cqukbZ ls uewus cukdj ,yce cukukA
 fdlh MªkbZDyhuj dh nqdku ij tkdj irk djsa fd diM+ksa dh MªkbZDyhfuax ¼lw[kh /kqykbZ½ dh
D;k&D;k fof/k;ka gSaA
 /kqykbZ esa iz;ksx vkus okys lk/kuksa dk fp= cukdj ,d Qkby rS;kj djsAa
 lfCt;ksa o Qwyksa ds chtksa dk p;u dj buds ikS/ks dh rS;kjh djukA
 o`{kksa dh ikS/k rS;kj djukA
 xeyksa ,oa D;kjh esa Qwyksa okys rFkk 'kksHkkdkjh ikS/ks yxkukA
 D;kjh rFkk xeyksa esa yxs ikS/ks dh fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ djukA
 xeyksa esa [kk|] moZjd nsuk rFkk flapkbZ djukA
 QkoM+k ls [kqnkbZ rFkk [kqjik@[kqjih ls fujkbZ djukA
 vkids {ks= esa mxus okys ikS/kksa ds ns'kh rFkk oSKkfud uke fy[kdj mUgsa o`{k] >kM+h rFkk
'kkd esa foHkkftr djsa rFkk nSfud thou esa bl ikS/ks dk mi;ksx ge fdl :i esa djrs gSA
pkVZ cukdj iznf'kZr dhft,A
 d"kZ.k ;U=ksa dh ns'kh rFkk vk/kqfud ;U=ksa dh lwph rS;kj djsa ,oa ukbVªkt
s u] QkWLQksjl rFkk
iksVkl rRoksa dh mifLFkfr okys moZjdksa dh lwph rS;kj dhft,A
x`gf'kYi
 Hkkstu ds ikSf"Vd rRoksa dk pkVZ cukukA
 lfCt;ksa dk lwi] lykn] vadqfjr vukt dk uk'rk] vke dk iuk rfkk pkj izdkj ds ehBs ,oa
pkj izdkj ds uedhu O;atu cukukA
83
 d{kk&6] 7 o 8 dh x`gf'kYi ikB~;iqLrdksa dk v/;;u ,oa iz'u i= dk fuekZ.k djukA
 fuEufyf[kr oL=ksa dh Mªkf¶Vax] dfVax o flykbZ djuk &
1- #eky@estiks'k
2- >cyk@csch ÝkWd
3- dyhnkj isVhdksV@lknk iStkek
 LosVj] ekstk ,oa Vksih cukukA
 vuqi;ksxh oLrqvksa ls dksbZ nks mi;ksxh o dykRed oLrq,¡ cukukA
d`f"k
 lfCt;ksa o Qwyksa ds chtksa dk p;u dj buds ikS/ks dh rS;kjh djukA
 o`{kksa dh ikS/k rS;kj djukA
 xeyksa ,oa D;kjh esa Qwyksa okys rFkk 'kksHkkdkjh ikS/ks yxkukA
 D;kjh rFkk xeyksa ea yxs ikS/ks dh fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ djukA
 xeyksa esa [kk|] moZjd] nsuk rFkk flapkbZ djukA
 QkoM+k ls [kqnkbZ rFkk [kqjik@[kqjih ls fujkbZ djukA
 vkids {ks= eas mxus okys ikS/kksa ds ns'kh rFkk oSKkfud ukek fy[kdj mUgas o`{k] >kM+h rFkk
'kkd esa foHkkftr djsa rFkk nSfud thou esa bl iks/ks dk mi;ksx ge fdl :i esa djrs gSaA
pkVZ cukdj iznf'kZr dhft,A
 d"kZ.k ;a=ksa dh lwph rS;kj djsa ,oa ukbVªkt s u] QkWLQksjl rFkk iksVk'k rRoksa dh mifLFkfr
okys moZjdksa dh lwph rS;kj dhft,A

84
 lsesLVj&1] 2] 3 o 4
lkekU; fo"k;&1] 2] 3 o 4
dyk
d{kk&f'k{k.k% fo"k;oLrq
 n``';dyk
 Lora= Hkko izdk’ku] lkSUn;kZuqHkwfr] jaxkas dk Kku] js[kkvksa dk Kku] vkdkj&izdkj dk Kku
nsukA
 gLrdyk
 vuqi;ksxh oLrqvksa ls mi;ksxh oLrqvksa dk fuekZ.k] dksykt fuekZ.k] feV~Vh ds f[kykSus
cuokukA
 fp=dyk ds fofHkUu rjhdksa ,oa lkexzh dk iz;ksx tSls&iksLVj] dyj] okVj dyj] isfUly
,oa jcM+] isu ,oa L;kgh vkfnA
iz;ksxkRed dk;Z@l=h;@izkstsDV dk;Z@ekWMy% izf'k{kq f'k{kdksa dks dyk ds izR;sd ikB esa
vUrfuZfgr Kku] ladYiuk dks cPpksa rd igqWpkus ds fy, izkstsDV] ekWMy] Game, Video clip,
Audio clip, Experiment rS;kj djus dk dk;Z fn;k tk;sxkA rS;kj fd;s tk ldus okys
ekWMy@izkstsDV dh lkadsfrd lwph lgk;rkFkZ fuEuor~ gSA f'k{kdx.k vU; fo"k;ksa ij Hkh
ekWMy@izkstsDV dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrs gSaA
 fo|ky; rFkk ?kj dh lkt&lTtk gsrq lkexzhA
 gLrdyk ds fofHkUu rjhdksa&dksykt] feV~Vh ds lkeku] isij dfVax] isij QksYM] pwfM+;ksa ls
fofHkUu ltkoVh lkeku] oky gSafxx] fyQkQs vkfn dk fuekZ.kA
 fofHkUu voljksa ij fp=dyk] gLrdyk] esagnh] jaxksyh] vYiuk vkfn izfr;ksfxrk djukA
 feV~Vh ds f[kykSus] vuqi;ksxh oLrqvksa ls mi;ksxh oLrqvksa dks cukukA

89
 lsesLVj&1] 2] 3 o 4
lkekU; fo"k;&1] 2] 3 o 4
'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ,oa LokLF;
d{kk&f'k{k.k% fo"k;oLrq
LokLF; f'k{kk
 LokLF; f'k{kk dk vFkZ] {ks= ,oa mn~ns’;] LokLF; dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] cPpksa dh
LokLF; lEcU/kh leL;k,¡] LokLF; dsUnzkas dh Hkwfedk] cPpksa dk LokLF; ijh{k.k vkSj mldk
vuqJo.k] laØked jksx ,oa Vhdkdj.k] iksfy;ks ,oa ,M~l tSlh ?kkrd chekfj;ksa ds cpko
gsrq tkx:drk lEcU/kh dk;ZØeA
 O;fDrxr LoPNrk ,oa f’k{kdksa }kjk fu;fer fujh{k.kA
 fo|ky;h; LoPNrkA
 izkFkfed fpfdRlk ,oa fofHkUu nq?kZVukvksa esa izkFkfed fpfdRlk dk egRoA
 jsMØkWl% jsMØkWl dk ifjp; ,oa mi;ksfxrk
'kkjhfjd f'k{kk
 [ksy] O;k;ke rFkk ;ksx
 'kjhj dks okWeZve djus okyh fØ;k,a ;Fkk&b/kj m/kj nkSM+ukA
 gkFk&iSj] /kM+ dk O;k;keA dkS’ky ds vH;kl gsrq yEch dwn] Å¡ph dwn] fteukfLVd]
ekfpZax] xsan ,oa jLlh dwn ls lEcfU/kr fØ;k,aA
 fofHkUu izdkj dh nkSM% 10 eh0] 200 eh0] 400eh0] 600eh0] 800eh0 dh nkSM+] fjys nkSM+]
ck/kk nkSM+]A
 /;ku ,oa fofHkUu izdkj ds ;ksxlku ,oa izk.k;ke ;Fkk&HkfL=dk] dikyHkkfr]
vuqykse&foykse] Hkzkejh vkSj mn~xhFk rFkk muds ykHkA ysfte ,oa MEcy }kjk fd;s tkus
okys O;k;keA
 fofHkUu izdkj ds Fkzk%s xksyk Qsd
a ] pDdk QsadA
 [ksy%
 dcM~Mh] [kks&[kks] QqVcky] gkWdh] ckWyhoky] cSMfeaVuA
 ve:n nkSM+] Nqvk NqvOoy] ,d Vkax ij nkSM+] pwgk&fcYyh] xsan&rM+h] Nk;k&idM+A
 LdkmfVax@xkbfMax
 LdkmV ekLVj@xkbM dSIVu cuus lEcfU/kr n{krkvksa gsrq izFke ,oa f}rh; lksiku
ijh{kkA
 dc@cqycqy] ckyohj@ohjckyk izos’k ,oa fodkl ØeA
 dc@cqycqy] izFke pj.k&dksey ia[kA
 dc@cqycqy] f}rh; pj.k&jtr ia[kA
 dc@cqycqy] r`rh; pj.k&Lo.kZ ia[kA
 dc@cqycqy] prqFkZ pj.k&ghjd ia[kA
iz;ksxkRed dk;Z@l=h;@izkstsDV dk;Z@ekWMy% izf'k{kq f'k{kdksa dks 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ,oa
LokLF; ds izR;sd ikB esa vUrfuZfgr Kku] ladYiuk dks cPpksa rd igqWpkus ds fy, izkstsDV] ekWMy]
Game, Video clip, Audio clip, Experiment rS;kj djus dk dk;Z fn;k tk;sxkA rS;kj fd;s tk

91
ldus okys ekWMy@izkstsDV dh lkadsfrd lwph lgk;rkFkZ fuEuor~ gSA f'k{kdx.k vU; fo"k;ksa ij Hkh
ekWMy@izkstsDV dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrs gSaA
 izkFkZuk LFky ij djkus ds fy, fuR; lkeqnkf;d@jk"VªHkfDr xhrksa dk ladyu rS;kj djukA
 'kkjhfjd O;k;ke ,oa ;ksxkluksa dh rS;kjh ,oa izn’kZu djkuk rFkk vfHkys[khdj.k djukA
 izf'k{kq f'k{kd fofHkUu izdkj ds [ksyksa esa ls ,d [ksy dk p;u izfr lsesLVj djsxk rFkk ml
ij viuh vk[;k izLrqr djsxkA
 lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ;Fkk&jsyos LVs’ku] cl LVS.M] esyksa esa Jenku ¼lekt lsok dk dk;Z½
djuk tSls ikuh fiykuk o 'kkafr O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kukA
 o`{kkjksi.k djuk] nhokjksa ij ln~okD; fy[kuk rFkk tu tkx:drk ds dk;ZØeksa dk
vk;kstu djukA
 fofHkUu izdkj ds ;ksxkluksa ij pkVZ@ekWMy rS;kj djukA
 fofHkUu izdkj dh fpfdRlk i|fr;ksa ij ekWMy@pkVZ vkfn rS;kj djukA

92
 lsesLVj&1] 2] 3 o 4
lkekU; fo"k;&1] 2] 3 o 4
laxhr
d{kk&f'k{k.k% fo"k;oLrq
 laxhr ds ifjHkkf"kd 'kCn&Loj] Lojksa ds izdkj] ukn] vkjksg] vojksg] idM] vkyki] y;] y;
ds izdkj vkfn dk KkuA
 laxhr xk;u eas lgk;d rkyksa dk Kku ;Fkk & rhurky] >irky] :idrky] dgjok rky]
nknjk] ,drky o pkjrky dk ifjp;kRed KkuA
 laxhr&oUnuk] Hktu] LFkkuh; yksdxhr] _rqvksa ,oa ekSle lEcU/kh xhr] jk"Vªh; ,drk
¼ns'kxku] jk"Vªxku½ lEcU/kh xhrksa dk KkuA
 Hkkjrh; laxhrKksa dk thou ifjp;A
 R;@ukVd&yksdu`R;] LFkkuh; u`R;] Hkkou`R;] lelkef;d leL;kvksa ls] ikB;oLrq ls ,oa
ns’kHkfDr ls lEcfU/kr ukVd djokukA
iz;ksxkRed dk;Z@l=h;@izkstsDV dk;Z@ekWMy% izf'k{kq f'k{kdksa dks laxhr ds izR;sd ikB esa
vUrfuZfgr Kku] ladYiuk dks cPpksa rd igqWpkus ds fy, izkstsDV] ekWMy] Game, Video clip,
Audio clip, Experiment rS;kj djus dk dk;Z fn;k tk;sxkA rS;kj fd;s tk ldus okys
ekWMy@izkstsDV dh lkadsfrd lwph lgk;rkFkZ fuEuor~ gSA f'k{kdx.k vU; fo"k;ksa ij Hkh
ekWMy@izkstsDV dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrs gSaA
 fofHkUu voljksa ij xk;s tkus okys xhrksa dk ladyu djukA
 fofHkUu lkekftd rFkk lkaLd`frd voljks ij xk;s tkus okys xhrksa dk ladyuA
 fofHkUu izdkj ds u`R;ksa dk ,yce rS;kj djukA
 fofHkUu izdkj ds yksdu`R;ksa ij pkVZ@ekWMy@ohfM;ks fDyi rS;kj djukA
 fofHkUu izdkj ds yksdxhrksa ij pkVZ@ekWMy@ohfM;ks@vkWfM;ks fDyi rS;kj djukA
 fofHkUu izdkj ds okn~ ;a=ksa dk ,yce rS;kj djukA

94