Relation and Function

1. Show that R defined by R = { (a, b) : a – b is divisible by 3 ; a, b Є N } is an equivalence

relation.
2. Let T be the set of all triangles in a plane with R as a relation in T given by R = {(T1, T2)
: T1  T2}. Show that R is an equivalence relation.
3. S. T. R in the set A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R = {(a, b) : |a – b| is even }, is an
equivalence relation. Also find [1].
4. S. T. R on Z defined by aRb if a + b is even is an equivalence relation.
5. Determine whether each of the following relations are reflexive symmetric or transitive.
Give reason.
i) R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, ---- 10} defined as R = {(a, b) : 2a – b = 0, a, b Є A.
ii) R in the set N defined as R = {(a, b) : b = a + 3 and a < 5}.
iii) R in the set N defined as R = {(a, b) : 2a + b = 41}.
iv) R on R defined as (a, b)  R iff a2 – 4ab + 3b2 = 0.
6. Prove that the relation ‘is a factor of’’ in R is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
7. R in the set R defined by aRb if |a| ≤ b, find whether R is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive
8. S. T. R in R defined by aRb if 1 + ab > 0 is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
9. R on N X N defined as (a, b) R (c, d) if ad(b + c) = bc(a + d). Show that R is an
equivalence relation.
4x  3
10. S. T. f : R – {-4/3} R – {4/3} given by f(x) = . Show that f is bijective. Find
3x  4
the inverse of f and hence find f-1(0) and x such that f-1(x) = 2.
11. Let A = {-1, 0, 1} and f = {(x, x2) : x Є A } S. T. f : A A is neither one-one nor onto.
x 1
12. Let A = R – {2} and B = R – {1}. If f : A B defined as f(x) = S. T. f is a bijection.
x2
Find f-1(x)
x2
13. Let A = R – {3} and B = R – {1}. If f : A B defined as f(x) = . Is f is a bijection.
x 3
Find f-1(x). Also find f 1 (0) . Is fof(x) = f(x).
14. If f(x) is invertible function, find the inverse of f(x) = (3x – 2)/5.
15. If f , g : R  R defined as f(x) = |x| + x and g(x) = |x| - x. Find fog and gof.
n
 , if n is a multiple of 3
16. Let f, g : Z Z defined by f(n) = 3n and g(n) =  3 . S. T. gof
0, otherwise.
= Iz, fog  Iz.
17. Let f :[2, )  R be the function defined by f(x) = x2 – 4x + 5. Show that f is invertible.
Find f-1(x)
18. If f : R R and g : R R are defined respectively by f(x) = x2 + 3x + 1 and
g(x) = 2x-3,
find fog and gof.
4x  3 2 2
19. If f ( x)  , x  , show that fof(x) = x for all x  . What is the inverse of f.
6x  4 3 3
 x
20. Show that f :[1, 1]  R , given by f ( x)  is one-one. Find the inverse of the
x2
function f :[1, 1]  Range f
ab
21. Is the binary operation * on R given by a * b = is commutative and associative.
2
Find the identity element and inverse if exist.
22. Let A = Q X Q and let * be a binary operation defined by (a, b) * (c, d) = (ac, b + ad). Is
* commutative and associative. Find the identity element and invertible elements of A.
23. For each binary operation * defined below, determine whether * is commutative or
associative. Find the identity element and inverse if exist.
i) On Q defined by a * b = 1 + ab
ii) On R – {-1} defined as a * b = a – b + ab
iii) On Q defined as a * b = a + 2b
iv) On R0 defined by a * b = ab/4, find the identity element and inverse if exist.

Inverse T – functions
  1   7 
1. Evaluate (i) sin   sin 1     (ii) sin(tan-1x) (iii) tan 1  tan  (iv)
3  2   6 
 
tan 1  cot 
 6
 2  1  2 
2. Find the principal value of cos 1  cos   sin  sin 
 3   3 
 3 1   3  
3. Find the principal value of i) tan-1(-1) ii) cos 1   iii) sin  sin  
 2    5 
 3 
iv) tan 1 tan   v) cot-1(-√3) vi) sec-1(-2) vii) cos-1(-1.1)
 4 
1 1 1 1 
4. Show that tan -1    tan -1    tan -1    tan -1   
3 5 7 8 4
1 1 4
5. Show that 2tan -1    tan -1   =tan -1  
5 8 7
 12  4  63 
6. Show that sin -1    cos-1   +tan -1    
 13  5  16 
  x 1  -1  x  1  
7. Solve tan-1(2x) + tan-1(3x) = 8. Solve tan -1    tan  
4  x2  x2 4
8
9. Solve tan-1(x + 1) + tan-1(x – 1) = tan -1   10. Solve 2tan-1(cosx) = tan-1(2cosecx)
 31 
  x2 1   2x  2  1+x  
11. Solve cos 1  2  + tan 1  2  = 12. Solve tan 1  -1
 = + tan x, 0 < x <
 x  1   x -1  3  1-x  4
1
 1-x 
13. Solve tan 1   – ½ tan x = 0, x > 0
-1
 1+x 
4 5  16  
14. Show that sin 1    sin 1    sin 1   
5  13   65  2
1 2 1 3
15. Show that tan 1  tan 1  cos 1
4 9 2 5
1 1  31 
16. Show that 2tan 1    tan 1    tan 1  
2 7  17 
1 1 1 
17. Show that tan 1    tan 1    tan 1   
2 5 8 4
-1 -1 -1 -1
18. Show that cot (7) + cot (8) + cot (18) = cot (3)
  3    12   1  5 
19. Evaluate i) cos  sin 1    ii) cos ec  cos 1  1
  iii) tan  cos    iv)
  5    13   2  3 
   5 
sin   sin 1   
2
  2 
 a2  x2  a   3a 2 x  x3   ax 
(iv) tan 1   (v) tan 1   (vi) tan 1   (vii)
 x   a(a  3x ) 
2 2
 ax 
 
 1 x  1 x 
tan 1  
 1 x  1 x 
20. If cos-1a + cos-1b + cos-1c =  , prove that a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 1
 ab  1  1  bc  1  1  ca  1 
21. Show that cot 1    cot    cot  0
 a b   bc   ca 
 3 3 6
22. Prove that cos sin 1  cot 1  
 5 2  5 13
Answers
1. 1, x/ 1  x2 ,  / 6 ,  / 3 2. π 3. – π/4, π/6, 2π/5, -π/4, 5π/6, 2 π/3, not exist 7.
1/6 8. ±1/√2 9. ¼ 10. π/4 11. tan(π/12) 12. for all x 13. 1/√3 19. 4/5, 13/5,
(3 - √5)/2, ½
 Matrices

1. (i) In a survey of 20 richest person of three residential society A, B and C, it is found that
in society A, 5 believes in honesty, 10 in hard work, 5 in unfair means while in B and C
respectively are 5, 8, 7 and 6, 8, 6. If the per day income of 20 richest persons of A, B
and C are Rs. 32,500, Rs. 30,500, Rs. 31,000 respectively. Find the per day income of
each type of the people by matrix method. (i) which type of people has more income per
day? (ii) According to you which type of person is better for our country?
(ii) Two institutions decided to award their employees for the three values of
resourcefulness, competence and determination in the form of prizes at the rate of Rs. x, y
and z respectively per person. First institution decided to award respectively 4, 3 and 2
employees with a total prize of Rs. 37,000 and the 2nd decided 5, 3 and 4 respectively
with a total of Rs. 47,000. If all the three prizes per person together amount Rs. 12,000,
then use matrix method to find the value of x, y and z. What values are described in this
question.
(iii) A school wants to award its students for the value of Honesty, Regularity and Hard
work with a total cash award of Rs. 6,000. Three times the award money for hard work
added to that given for Honesty amounts to Rs. 11,000. Award for Honesty and Hard
work together is double the one given for regularity. Represent this by matrix and solve
it. Suggest one more value other than above must included for the award.
(iv) An amount of Rs. 600 crore is spent by the government in three schemes. Scheme A
is for saving girl child, B for saving newlywed girls from death due to dowry and C for
good health for senior citizen. Twice of C together with A is Rs. 700 crores. Three times
A together with B and C is Rs. 1200 crores. Find the amount spent on each scheme using
matrix method. What is the importance of saving girl child.
(v) There are three families. First consists of 2 male, 4 female and 3 children, while the
second and third consists of 3, 3, 2 and 2, 2, 5 respectively. Each male earns Rs. 500 per
day and spend Rs. 300 per day while the female member earns Rs. 400 per day and spend
Rs. 250 and Child member spends Rs. 40 per day. Find the money each families saves
per day using matrices. What is the necessity saving?
(vi) A trust fund has Rs. 30,000 is to be invested in two types of bonds. The first bond
pays 5% interest p. a. which will be given to orphanage and the second pays 7% p. a.
which will be given to an N. G. O. cancer aid society. Using matrix multiplication, find
how to divide Rs. 30,000 if the first fund given ab interest of Rs. 1800 p. a. What are the
values reflected in this question?

2. If A = 3 -4 , show that An = 1 + 2n -4n where n Є N, using Induction.

1 -1 n 1 – 2n
3. Construct a 3 X 3 matrix A, whose elements are given by ai j  i  ij  1 . Also express A as the
sum of a
symmetric and a skew symmetric matrices.

4. Using elementary transformation find the inverse of the following matrices.

i) 1 2 ii) 5 2 iii) 3 10 iv) 1 1 2

 3 7 2 1 2 7 3 1 1
2 3 1

5. Solve i) x2 x 1 ii) x+2 x+6 x-1 iii) 4x 6x+2 8x+1

4 2 1 =0 x+6 x-1 x+2 = 0 6x+2 9x+3 12x =0
9 -3 1 x-1 x+2 x+6 8x+1 12x 16x+2

6. S. T. i) 1+a 1 1 ii) a2+1 ab ac

1 1+b 1 = ab + bc + ca + abc ab b2+1 bc = 1 + a2 + b2 + c2
2
1 1 1+c ac bc c +1
2 3
7. If a, b, c are all different and a a 1+a
b b2 1+b3 = 0, show that 1 + abc = 0
c c2 1+c3
8. Solve the equation x -6 -1
2 -3x x-3 = 0
-3 2x x+2
9. If a, b, c are in A. P., show that x+1 x+2 x+a
x+2 x+3 x+b = 0
x+3 x+4 x+c
10. S. T. i) b+c a a ii) 1 x x2 iii) 1 1 1
b c+a b = 4abc x2 1 x = (1 – x3)2 a b c = (a-b)(b-
c)(c-a)
c c a+b x x2 1 bc ca ab
11. S. T. i) x+λ x x ii) a+x y z
x x+λ x = λ2(3x+ λ) x a+y z = a2(a + x + y + z)
x x x+λ x y a+z
12. If A = 6 5 show that A – 12A + I = 0. Hence find A-1.
2

7 6
13. If A = 2 -3 5
3 2 -4 find A-1 and solve 2x – 3y + 5z = 11, 3x + 2y – 4z = -5, x + y – 2z = -3
1 1 -2
14. Use the product 1 -1 2 -2 0 1 to solve x – y + 2z = 1, 2y – 3z = 1, 3x – 2y + 4z
= 2.
0 2 -3 9 2 -3
3 -2 4 6 1 -2

15. S. T i) 1+a2-b2 2ab -2b ii) 1 1+p 1+p+q

2 2
2ab 1-a +b 2a = (1 + a2 + b2)3 2 3+2p 1+3p+2q = 1.
2 2
2b -2a 1-a -b 3 6+3p 1+6p+3q

16. i) x+4 2x 2x ii) a a+b a+2b

2x x+4 2x = (5x+4)(4-x)2. a+2b a a+b = 9b2(a+b)
2x 2x x+4 a+b a+2b a
17. i) a-b-c 2a 2a ii) a+b+2c a b
2b b-c-a 2b = (a+b+c)3 c b+c+2a b = 2(a+b+c)3
2c 2c c-a-b c a c+a+2b

18. i) a+b+c -c -b ii) x+y x x

-c a+b+c -a = 2(a+b)(b+c)(c+a). 5x+4y 4x 2x = x3
-b -a a+b+c 10x+8y 8x 3x

19. A matrix A of order 3 X 3 has determinant 4, find |3A| 20. Find |3I3|
21. Given A = 1 2 find k if |2A| = k|A|
1
4 2
22. Find x if x 4 = 0 23. Find x if 3 – 2x x + 1 is singular
2 2x 2 4
sin 250 cos 250  x  2 3
24. Evaluate 25. Find x if  x  5 4  is an invertible
 sin 650 cos 650  
matrix
26. A matrix A of order 3 X 3 has determinant 4, find |adjA|
1
27. If a matrix has 8 elements, how many possible orders it can have.

28.If A = cosx sinx find x, 0 < x < 90o when A + A’ = I

1
-sinx cosx

Answers

1. i) (1500, 2000, 1000) ii) (4000, 5000, 3000) iii) (500, 2000, 3500) iv) (300, 100, 200) v) (880, 970, 500)
vi) (15000, 15000)
4. 7 -2 1 -2 7 -10 -2 5 -1
-3 1 , -2 5, -2 3 , -1 -3 5 5. 2 or -3, -7/3, -11/97 8. 1, 2, or 3 10. 6 -5
7 -1 -2 -7 6

13. 1, 2, 3 14. 0, 5, 3 19. 108 20. 27 21. k = 4 22. ±2 23. 1 24. 7 25. 1 26. 16 27. 4
28. 60o
 Continuity and Defferentiabilty

x2/2 ;0≤x≤1
1. Examine the continuity of i) f(x) = 2x2 – 3x + 3/2 ; 1 < x ≤ 2 , at x = 2

ii) f(x) = |x| + 3 ; x ≤ -3

-2x ; -3 < x < 3, at -3 and 3
6x + 2 ;x≥3
iii) sinx + cosx ; x ≠ 0
f(x) = x
2 ; x=0

2. If the function f(x) = 3ax + b ; x>1

11 ; x = 1 is continuous at x = 1.
5ax – 2b ; x<1

 2  x, x  0
3. Show that f(x) =  is not differentiable at x = 0
 2  x, x  0

 sin(a  1) x  sin x
 ; x0
x

4. Find a, b, c if f(x) is continuous at x = 0, where f ( x)   c ;x  0

 x  bx  x ; x  0
2

 3

 bx 2
d2y cos x
5. If y = tanx + secx, S. T. 
dx 2
(1  sin x)2
d 2 y sec3 t
6. If x= a(cost + t sint), y = a(sint – t cost), S. T. 
dx 2 at
 y dy x  y dy
7. If log(x2 + y2) = 2 tan 1   , S. T.  8. If (cosx)y = (siny)x, find
x dx x  y dx
dy sin (a  y )
2
9. If siny = x sin(a + y), S. T.  10. Differentiate (sinx)x + sin-1√x w.r.t. x
dx sin a
dy
11. If y = 3 cos(logx) + 4sin(logx), S. T. y2 + xy1 + y = 0 12. If (x2 + y2) = xy, find
dx
dy 1 dy
13. If x 1  y  y 1  x  0, S. T.  14. If xy + y2 = tanx + y, find
dx (1  x) 2
dx
dy
15. If x = a(cost + logtant/2) and y = asint, find
dx

   , show that (1+x )y + xy -2 = 0

2
16. If y = log x  1 x2 2
2 1
  5x  12 1  x 2   dy
17. If y  sin 1    , find
 13 
 dx
 1  sin x  1  sin x  dy
18. If y = cot 1   , find
 1  sin x  1  sin x  dx
19. If y = 3e2x + 2e3x, S. T. y2 – 5y1 + 6y = 0 20. If y = sin(logx), S. T. x2y2 + xy1 + y = 0
 1  x2  1  x2  dy
21. If y = tan 1   , find
 1  x2  1  x2  dx
 
d2y 
22. If x = 3sint – sin3t and y = 3cost – cos3t, find 2
at x 
dx 3

 
n
dy
23. If y  x  x 2  a 2 ,S. T.  n x2  a2
dx
24. If y = ex(sinx + cosx), S. T. y2 – 2y1 + 2y = 0
dy y
25. If x p .y q   x  y  ,S. T.
pq
 26. If y = tan-1x, S. T. (1+x2)y2 + 2xy1 = 0
dx x
dy 
27. If x = a(t – sint) and y = a(1 – cost), find at t 
dx 2
28. If y = secx – tanx, S. T. cosx y2 = y 2
29. If y = Acosnx + Bsinnx, S. T. y2 + n2y = 0
30. If y = x + tanx, S. T. cos x y2 – 2y + 2x = 0
2
2
 dy 
31. If x = sect – cost and y = sec t - cos t, S. T.  x  4   
n n 2
 n 2  y2  4 
 dx 
dy 2 – logx
32. If ey – x = xy, S. T. 
1  logx 
2
dx
sin 1 x
33. If y = , S. T. (1 – x2)y2 – 3xy1 – y = 0
1 x 2

34. Verify Rolle’s Theorem i) f(x) = x(x-1)2 in [0, 1] ii) f(x) = x3 – 7x2 + 16x – 12 in [2, 3]
iii) f(x) = x – x – 6 in [-2, 3]
2
iv) f(x) = sinx in [π/4, 3π/4]

v) f(x) = sinx + cosx in [0, π/2]

35. Verify L. M. V. T. i) f(x) = (x-1)(x-2)(x-3) in [0, 4] ii) f(x) = x2 + 2x + 3 in [4, 6]

iii) f(x) = x3 + x2 – 6x in [-1, 4] iv) f(x) = √x2 – 4 in [ 2, 4]
1  cos 4 x
 ; x0
36. For what value of k is the following function is continuous at x = 0 f ( x)   8 x 2
 k ; x0
 
 b(1  cos 4 x) ; x0
 x2

37. Let f ( x)   a ; x  0 . Find of a and b for which f(x) is continuous at x = 0

 x
;x  0
 16  x  4

sin 1 x d2y dy
38. If y = , then show that (1  x 2 ) 2
 3x  y  0
1  x2 dx dx
1 
39. If x = tan  log y  , show that (1  x 2 ) y2  (2 x  a) y1  0
a 
2
1  log t 3  2 log t dy  dy 
40. If x = , y , show that y  2x   1
 dx 
2
t t dx
dy 
41. If x = a sin 2t (1 + cos 2t) and y = b cos 2t (1 – cos 2t), find at t 
dx 4
 2 .3 
x 1 x
42. Differentiate sin 1  x 
w.r.t. x
 1  36 
Answers
1. yes, No, Yes 2. 3, 2 3. 1 4. a = -3/2, c= ½, b Є R
10. (sinx) (xcotx + log(sinx) ) 1/2√x √1-x
x

12. (x-2y)/(y-2x) 14. (sec2x - y)/(x+2y-1) 15. Tant 17. 1/√1-x2 18. ½
21. -x/√1-x 4
22. -16/27 27. 1 34. c = 1/3, c = ½, c = ½ , c = π/2, c = π/4
35. c = 2 ± 2/√3, c = 5, c = 2, c = √6 36. 1 37. 8 41. b/a
x
2.6 log 6
42.
1  36 x
 Formulae in Trigonometry

sin(x ± y) = sinx cosy ± cosx siny -2sinx siny = cos(x+y) – cos(x-y)

cos(x ± y) = cosx cosy ∓ sinx siny 2cosxcosy = cos(x+y) +
cos(x-y)
CD CD
sinC + sinD = 2 sin   cos   2sinxcosy = sin(x+y) + sin(x-y)
 2   2 
CD CD
sinC - sinD = 2 cos   sin   2cosxsiny = sin(x+y) - sin(x-y)
 2   2 
CD CD
cosC + cosD = 2 cos   cos   Sin3x = 3sinx – 4sin3x
 2   2 
 
cosC - cosD = -2 sin    
C D C D
 sin   Cos3x = 4cos3x – 3 cosx
 2   2 
sin2x = 2sinx cosx sinθ = 2sin(θ/2) cos(θ/2) sin(m θ) = 2sin(m θ/2)cos(m θ/2)
sin( x + y) sin(x – y) = sin2x – sin2y cos( x + y) cos(x – y) = cos2x – sin2y
2 tan 
cos2x = cos2x – sin2x = 2cos2x – 1 = 1 – 2 sin2x tan 2 
1  tan 2 
1  cos 2 x
1 + cosθ = 2cos2(θ/2) cos2x = sin2x =
2
1  cos 2 x
2
1 + cosmθ = 2cos2(mθ/2) 1 - cosmθ = 2sin2(mθ/2)
tan x  tan y cot x cot y 1
Tan(x  y) = Cot(x  y) =
1 tan x tan y cot y  cot x
  1  tan  cos   sin  3 tan x  tan 3 x
tan       tan3x =
4  1 tan  cos  sin  1  3 tan 2 x
Domain of sinx and cosx is R, Range = [-1, 1]
 3
In the case of   and   , T – ratios changes with its co – T – ratios(cos ↔sin, tan↔cot,
2 2
sec↔cosec) and sign changes according to the quadrants.
In the case of    and 2   , T – ratios remains the same but sign changes according to the
quadrants.
To find a trigonometry value in 2nd or 3rd quadrant use the difference b/n angle and 1800, use the
1st quadrant value and sign according to quadrant, in 4th quadrant use the difference of 3600

Sinx = 0  x = nπ cosx = 0  x = (2n – 1) tanx = 0  x = nπ, n∈I
2
Sinx = sinα  x = nπ + (-1)n α cosx = cosα  x = 2nπ ± α tanx = tanα  x =
nπ + α, n ∈ I