Rock Cycle
Every rock
tells a
story
Minerals • Made up of a specific composition of
either ________
chemical _______
elementsor
______________
pure compounds (ONE THING)
• Arranged in _______ _______
orderly patterns
• Can be identified by its properties
such as hardness,
____________________
color, streak,
______
density
• Examples:
Rocks
• can be___________________________
small (fit in your hand) or
________________________________
large (mountain peaks or cliffs)
• ______________
composition and ________
texture result of
how they are made.
• Made of TWO OR MORE
___________________________
minerals that are bound together
• 3 types defined by ________________
how they are made
_______,
igneous ___________,
sedimentary and ___________.
metamorphic
Magma
• liquid rock within the layers of the Earth
• Not exposed to air or water
Lava
• Liquid rock exposed to the Earth’s surface
• exposed to air or water
Igneous
• Form from _______
magma or _____
lava that cools
• change of _________
state
(from a ________
liquid to a _____)
solid
• Consist of crystals
• Size of crystals depends on how quickly they
cooled
• 2 types of igneous rocks - ____________
Intrusive &
______________
Extrusive
Intrusive
• Cooled slowly & allowed
large crystals to form
• Happened underground from
magma cooling
Extrusive
• Cooled at surface from lava
• only small crystals formed -
cooled very fast
Crystal Shape
• Property of minerals
• Each mineral has its own shape based on the
shape of the molecules
Erosion
- process of wearing
or grinding something
down by wind, liquid
water or ice.
- Physical change
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/watcyc/convective/index.html
Weathering
• Chemical change to the surface of rock
• Due to acid in rain, oxygen in air, or plants
breaking down rock into minerals
Sediment
• Rock particles that are created by
weathering & erosion
• Types:
Boulders - Huge chunks of rock
Cobbles - larger rock
Pebbles - smaller rock
Sand & Silt - tiny grains that you can
see
Clay or Mud - smallest particles
slip past each other
Sedimentary
• rock created by layers of sediments cemented
together
• Layers created by water or wind and sorted
by density
• layered rock that can contain fossils
• Example:
Sandstone
Mudstone
Shale
Limestone
Steps in Sedimentary
Rock formation:
1. Erosion -
Water or wind break off pieces of rock
_______________________________________
2. Deposition -
sediments settle out of water at bottom of ocean/lake
_______________________________________
3. Compaction -
_______________________________________
layers build up and press down on layers below
4. Cementation -
_______________________________________
sediments are glued together to become rock
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/rockcycle/index.html
Fossil
• Hard remains of plants or animals
• Can also be tracks or skin impressions
• part or all is replaced by minerals from the
rock
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/nautiloid/index.html
Pressure
• Force pushing on a surface
Heat
• Movement of energy from or to a
substance
• More energy in the center of Earth
• Rocks loose heat at surface, gain it as they
get pushed farther below surface
Metamorphic
• rock created from existing rocks
• pressure and heat change the original rock
into a new rock
• chemical change and increase density
• Examples:
Rock Cycle
The series of events that results in the
changing of Earth materials from one rock
type to another.
