Functions Syntax Description

Returns the serial number of a

DATE =DATE(year,month,day) particular date

Converts a date in the form of text

DATEVALUE =DATEVALUE(date_text) to a serial number

Converts a serial number to a day

DAY =DAY(serial_number) of the month

Converts a serial number to an

HOUR =HOUR(serial_number) hour

Converts a serial number to a

MINUTE =MINUTE(serial_number) minute

Converts a serial number to a

MONTH =MONTH(serial_number) month

Returns the serial number of the

NOW =NOW() current date and time

Converts a serial number to a

SECOND =SECOND(serial_number) second

Returns the serial number of a

TIME =TIME(hour,minute,second) particular time

Converts a time in the form of text

TIMEVALUE =TIMEVALUE(time_text) to a serial number

Returns the serial number of

TODAY =TODAY() today’s date
 Functions Syntax Description

YEAR =YEAR(serial_number) Converts a serial number to a year

Returns information about the

formatting, location, or contents of
CELL =CELL(info_type, [reference]) a cell

ISBLANK =ISBLANK(value) Returns TRUE if the value is blank

Returns TRUE if the value is any

ISERROR =ISERROR(value) error value

Returns TRUE if the value is not

ISNONTEXT =ISNONTEXT(value) text

Returns TRUE if the value is a

ISNUMBER =ISNUMBER(value) number

ISTEXT =ISTEXT(value) Returns TRUE if the value is text

Returns TRUE if all of its

AND =AND(logical1,logical2,…) arguments are TRUE

FALSE =FALSE Returns the logical value FALSE

=IF(logical_test,
[value_if_true],
IF [value_if_false]) Specifies a logical test to perform

Returns a value you specify if a

formula evaluates to an error;
=IFERROR(value, otherwise, returns the result of the
IFERROR value_if_error) formula
Functions Syntax Description

NOT =NOT(logical) Reverses the logic of its argument

Returns TRUE if any argument is

OR =OR(logical1,logical2,…) TRUE

TRUE =TRUE Returns the logical value TRUE

=ADDRESS(row_num,
column_num, [abs_num], Returns a reference as text to a
ADDRESS [a1], [sheet_text]) single cell in a worksheet

Returns the column number of a

COLUMN =COLUMN([reference]) reference

Returns the number of columns in

COLUMNS =COLUMNS(array) a reference

=HLOOKUP(lookup_value,tab Looks in the top row of an array

le_array,row_index_num,[ran and returns the value of the
HLOOKUP ge_lookup]) indicated cell

=INDEX(array,row_num,[colu Uses an index to choose a value

INDEX mn_num]) – 2 types from a reference or array

Returns a reference indicated by a

INDIRECT =INDIRECT(ref_text,a1) text value

=LOOKUP(lookup_value, Looks up values in a vector or

LOOKUP array) – 2 types array

=MATCH(lookup_value,looku Looks up values in a reference or

MATCH p_array,match_type) array
 Functions Syntax Description

=OFFSET(reference,rows,cols, Returns a reference offset from a

OFFSET height,width) given reference

Returns the row number of a

ROW =ROW([reference]) reference

Returns the number of rows in a

ROWS =ROWS(array) reference

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,tab Looks in the first column of an

le_array,col_index_num,[rang array and moves across the row to
VLOOKUP e_lookup]) return the value of a cell

Returns the absolute value of a

ABS =ABS(number) number

=PRODUCT(number1,number
PRODUCT 2,…) Multiplies its arguments

Returns a random number

RAND =RAND() between 0 and 1

=RANDBETWEEN(bottom,to Returns a random number

RANDBETWEEN p) between the numbers you specify

=ROUND(number,num_digits Rounds a number to a specified

ROUND ) number of digits

=ROUNDDOWN(number,nu Rounds a number down, toward

ROUNDDOWN m_digits) zero

=ROUNDUP(number,num_di Rounds a number up, away from

ROUNDUP gits) zero
 Functions Syntax Description

=SUBTOTAL(function_num,r Returns a subtotal in a list or

SUBTOTAL ef1,…) database

SUM =SUM(number1,number2,…) Adds its arguments

=SUMIF(range,criteria,[sum_ Adds the cells specified by a given

SUMIF range]) criteria

=SUMIFS(sum_range,criteria Adds the cells in a range that meet

SUMIFS _range,criteria,…) multiple criteria

=SUMPRODUCT(array1,array Returns the sum of the products of

SUMPRODUCT 2,[array3],…) corresponding array components

=AVERAGE(number1,number Returns the average of its

AVERAGE 2,…) arguments

Returns the average (arithmetic

=AVERAGEIF(range,criteria,[ mean) of all the cells in a range
AVERAGEIF average_range]) that meet a given criteria

Counts how many numbers are in

COUNT =COUNT(value1,value2,…) the list of arguments

Counts how many values are in the

COUNTA =COUNTA(value1,value2,…) list of arguments

Counts the number of blank cells

COUNTBLANK =COUNTBLANK(range) within a range

Counts the number of cells within

COUNTIF =COUNTIF(range,criteria) a range that meet the given criteria
 Functions Syntax Description

=COUNTIFS(criteria_range,cr Counts the number of cells within

COUNTIFS iteria,…) a range that meet multiple criteria

Returns the maximum value in a

MAX =MAX(number1,number2,…) list of arguments

=MEDIAN(number1,number2, Returns the median of the given

MEDIAN …) numbers

Returns the minimum value in a

MIN =MIN(number1,number2,…) list of arguments

Joins several text items into one

=CONCATENATE(text1,text2, text item. Easier to use ‘&’ instead
CONCATENATE …) of the function usually.

Checks to see if two text values are

EXACT =EXACT(text1,text2) identical

=FIND(find_text,within_text, Finds one text value within

FIND start_num) another (case-sensitive)

Returns the leftmost characters

LEFT =LEFT(text,num_chars) from a text value

Returns the number of characters

LEN =LEN(text) in a text string

LOWER =LOWER(text) Converts text to lowercase

Returns a specific number of

=MID(text,start_num,num_ch characters from a text string
MID ars) starting at the position you specify
Functions Syntax Description

Capitalizes the first letter in each

PROPER =PROPER(text) word of a text value

=REPLACE(old_text,start_nu
REPLACE m,num_chars,new_text) Replaces characters within text

Returns the rightmost characters

RIGHT =RIGHT(text,num_chars) from a text value

=SEARCH(find_text,within_te Finds one text value within

SEARCH xt,start_num) another (not case-sensitive)

Formats a number and converts it

TEXT =TEXT(value,format_text) to text

TRIM =TRIM(text) Removes spaces from text

UPPER =UPPER(text) Converts text to uppercase

Extracts from a database a single

record that matches the specified
DGET =DGET(database,field,criteria) criteria

Adds the numbers in the field

=DSUM(database,field,criteria column of records in the database
DSUM ) that match the criteria

Calculates the number of days

=DAYS360(start_date,end_da between two dates based on a 360-
DAYS360 te,method) day year

Returns the serial number of the

EDATE =EDATE(start_date,months) date that is the indicated number
 Functions Syntax Description

of months before or after the start

date

Returns the serial number of the

=EOMONTH(start_date,mont last day of the month before or
EOMONTH hs) after a specified number of months

=NETWORKDAYS(start_date, Returns the number of whole

NETWORKDAYS end_date,[holidays]) workdays between two dates

Returns the number of whole

=NETWORKDAYS.INTL(start workdays between two dates using
NETWORKDAYS.IN _date,end_date,[weekend],[ho parameters to indicate which and
TL lidays]) how many days are weekend days

=WEEKDAY(serial_number,[r Converts a serial number to a day

WEEKDAY eturn_type]) of the week

Converts a serial number to a

=WEEKNUM(serial_number,[ number representing where the
WEEKNUM return_type]) week falls numerically with a year

Returns the serial number of the

=WORKDAY(start_date, days, date before or after a specified
WORKDAY [holidays]) number of workdays

Returns the serial number of the

date before or after a specified
number of workdays using
=WORKDAY.INTL(start_date, parameters to indicate which and
WORKDAY.INTL days,weekend,holidays) how many days are weekend days

Returns the year fraction

representing the number of whole
=YEARFRAC(start_date,end_ days between start_date and
YEARFRAC date,basis) end_date
 Functions Syntax Description

=CONVERT(number,from_un Converts a number from one

CONVERT it,to_unit) measurement system to another

DELTA =DELTA(number1,number2) Tests whether two values are equal

=ERF(lower_limit,upper_limi
ERF t) Returns the error function

Returns the complementary error

ERFC =ERFC(x) function

Tests whether a number is greater

GESTEP =GESTEP(number,step) than a threshold value

=AMORDEGRC(cost,date_pur Returns the depreciation for each

chased,first_period,salvage,pe accounting period by using a
AMORDEGRC riod,rate,basis) depreciation coefficient

=AMORLINC(cost,date_purch
ased,first_period,salvage,perio Returns the depreciation for each
AMORLINC d,rate,basis) accounting period

Converts a dollar price, expressed

=DOLLARDE(fractional_dolla as a fraction, into a dollar price,
DOLLARDE r,fraction) expressed as a decimal number

Converts a dollar price, expressed

=DOLLARFR(decimal_dollar,f as a decimal number, into a dollar
DOLLARFR raction) price, expressed as a fraction

Returns the straight-line

depreciation of an asset for one
SLN =SLN(cost,salvage,life) period
 Functions Syntax Description

Returns the sum-of-years’ digits

depreciation of an asset for a
SYD =SYD(cost,salvage,life,per) specified period

Returns a number corresponding

ERROR.TYPE =ERROR.TYPE(error_val) to an error type

Returns information about the

INFO =INFO(type_text) current operating environment

Returns TRUE if the value is any

ISERR =ISERR(value) error value except #N/A

Returns TRUE if the number is

ISEVEN =ISEVEN(number) even

Returns TRUE if the value is a

ISLOGICAL =ISLOGICAL(value) logical value

Returns TRUE if the value is the

ISNA =ISNA(value) #N/A error value

Returns TRUE if the number is

ISODD =ISODD(number) odd

Returns TRUE if the value is a

ISREF =ISREF(value) reference

Returns a value converted to a

N =N(value) number

NA =NA() Returns the error value #N/A

 Functions Syntax Description

Returns a number indicating the

TYPE =TYPE(value) data type of a value

=CHOOSE(index_num,value1, Chooses a value from a list of

CHOOSE value2,…) values

=GETPIVOTDATA(data_field, Returns data stored in a

GETPIVOTDATA pivot_table,field,item,…) PivotTable report

Creates a shortcut or jump that

opens a document stored on a
=HYPERLINK(link_location,f network server, an intranet, or the
HYPERLINK riendly_name) Internet

TRANSPOSE =TRANSPOSE(array) Returns the transpose of an array

Rounds a number to the nearest

=CEILING(number,significanc integer or to the nearest multiple
CEILING e) of significance

Rounds a number the nearest

integer or to the nearest multiple
of significance. Regardless of the
=CEILING.PRECISE(number, sign of the number, the number is
CEILING.PRECISE significance) rounded up.

Rounds a number up to the nearest

EVEN =EVEN(number) even integer

Returns e raised to the power of a

EXP =EXP(number) given number

FACT =FACT(number) Returns the factorial of a number

 Functions Syntax Description

=FLOOR(number,significance Rounds a number down, toward

FLOOR ) zero

Rounds a number the nearest

integer or to the nearest multiple
of significance. Regardless of the
=FLOOR.PRECISE(number,si sign of the number, the number is
FLOOR.PRECISE gnificance) rounded up.

Returns the greatest common

GCD =GCD(number1,number2,…) divisor

Rounds a number down to the

INT =INT(number) nearest integer

Returns a number that is rounded

=ISO.CEILING(number,signifi up to the nearest integer or to the
ISO.CEILING cance) nearest multiple of significance

Returns the least common

LCM =LCM(number1,number2,…) multiple

Returns the remainder from

MOD =MOD(number,divisor) division

Returns a number rounded to the

MROUND =MROUND(number,multiple) desired multiple

Rounds a number up to the nearest

ODD =ODD(number) odd integer

PI =PI() Returns the value of pi

 Functions Syntax Description

Returns the result of a number

POWER =POWER(number,power) raised to a power

=QUOTIENT(numerator,deno Returns the integer portion of a

QUOTIENT minator) division

=SERIESSUM(x,n,m,coefficie Returns the sum of a power series

SERIESSUM nts) based on the formula

SIGN =SIGN(number) Returns the sign of a number

SQRT =SQRT(number) Returns a positive square root

=SUMSQ(number1,number2, Returns the sum of the squares of

SUMSQ …) the arguments

=TRUNC(number,num_digits
TRUNC ) Truncates a number to an integer

Returns the average of its

=AVERAGEA(value1,value2,… arguments, including numbers,
AVERAGEA ) text, and logical values

Returns the average (arithmetic

=AVERAGEIFS(average_rang mean) of all cells that meet
AVERAGEIFS e,criteria_range,criteria,…) multiple criteria.

=GEOMEAN(number1,numbe
GEOMEAN r2,…) Returns the geometric mean

=INTERCEPT(known_y’s,kno Returns the intercept of the linear

INTERCEPT wn_x’s) regression line
 Functions Syntax Description

Returns the k-th largest value in a

LARGE =LARGE(array,k) data set

=LINEST(known_y’s,known_ Returns the parameters of a linear

LINEST x’s,const,stats) trend

=LOGEST(known_y’s,known_ Returns the parameters of an

LOGEST x’s,const,stats) exponential trend

Returns the maximum value in a

list of arguments, including
MAXA =MAXA(value1,value2,…) numbers, text, and logical values

Returns the smallest value in a list

of arguments, including numbers,
MINA =MINA(value1,value2,…) text, and logical values

Returns a vertical array of the most

=MODE.MULT(number1,num frequently occurring, or repetitive
MODE.MULT ber2,…) values in an array or range of data

=MODE.SNGL(number1,num Returns the most common value in

MODE.SNGL ber2,…) a data set

=PROB(x_range,prob_range,l Returns the probability that values

PROB ower_limit,upper_limit) in a range are between two limits

=RANK.AVG(number,ref,orde Returns the rank of a number in a

RANK.AVG r) list of numbers

Returns the rank of a number in a

RANK.EQ =RANK.EQ(number,ref,order) list of numbers
 Functions Syntax Description

Returns the skewness of a

SKEW =SKEW(number1,number2,…) distribution

=SLOPE(known_y’s,known_x’ Returns the slope of the linear

SLOPE s) regression line

Returns the k-th smallest value in

SMALL =SMALL(array,k) a data set

=STANDARDIZE(x,mean,stan
STANDARDIZE dard_dev) Returns a normalized value

=TREND(known_y’s,known_x
TREND ’s,new_x’s,const) Returns values along a linear trend

Returns the character specified by

CHAR =CHAR(number) the code number

Removes all nonprintable

CLEAN =CLEAN(text) characters from text

Returns a numeric code for the

CODE =CODE(text) first character in a text string

Converts a number to text, using

DOLLAR =DOLLAR(number,decimals) the $ (dollar) currency format

=FIXED(number,decimals,no Formats a number as text with a

FIXED _commas) fixed number of decimals

Extracts the phonetic (furigana)

PHONETIC =PHONETIC(reference) characters from a text string
 Functions Syntax Description

Repeats text a given number of

REPT =REPT(text,number_times) times

=SUBSTITUTE(text,old_text,n Substitutes new text for old text in

SUBSTITUTE ew_text,instance_num) a text string

T =T(value) Converts its arguments to text

Converts a text argument to a

VALUE =VALUE(text) number

=BINOMDIST(number_s,trial Returns the individual term

BINOMDIST s,probability_s,cumulative) binomial distribution probability

Returns the one-tailed probability

CHIDIST =CHIDIST(x,deg_freedom) of the chi-squared distribution

Returns the inverse of the one-

=CHIINV(probability,deg_free tailed probability of the chi-
CHIINV dom) squared distribution

=CHITEST(actual_range,expe
CHITEST cted_range) Returns the test for independence

=CONFIDENCE(alpha,standar Returns the confidence interval for

CONFIDENCE d_dev,size) a population mean

FTEST =FTEST(array1,array2)

=LOGINV(probability,mean,st Returns the inverse of the

LOGINV andard_dev) lognormal cumulative distribution
 Functions Syntax Description

=LOGNORMDIST(x,mean,sta Returns the cumulative lognormal

LOGNORMDIST ndard_dev) distribution

=MODE(number1,number2,… Returns the most common value in

MODE ) a data set

=NORMDIST(x,mean,standar Returns the normal cumulative

NORMDIST d_dev,cumulative) distribution

=NORMINV(probability,mean Returns the inverse of the normal

NORMINV ,standard_dev) cumulative distribution

Returns the standard normal

NORMSDIST =NORMSDIST(z) cumulative distribution

Returns the inverse of the standard

NORMSINV =NORMSINV(probability) normal cumulative distribution

Returns the k-th percentile of

PERCENTILE =PERCENTILE(array,k) values in a range

=PERCENTRANK(array,x,sign Returns the percentage rank of a

PERCENTRANK ificance) value in a data set

=POISSON(x,mean,cumulativ
POISSON e) Returns the Poisson distribution

QUARTILE =QUARTILE(array,quart) Returns the quartile of a data set

Returns the rank of a number in a

RANK =RANK(number,ref,order) list of numbers
Functions Syntax Description

=STDEV(number1,number2,… Estimates standard deviation

STDEV ) based on a sample

=STDEVP(number1,number2, Calculates standard deviation

STDEVP …) based on the entire population

Returns the Student’s t-

TDIST =TDIST(x,deg_freedom,tails) distribution

=TINV(probability,deg_freedo Returns the inverse of the

TINV m) Student’s t-distribution

Estimates variance based on a

VAR =VAR(number1,number2,…) sample

Calculates variance based on the

VARP =VARP(number1,number2,…) entire population

=DAVERAGE(database,field,c Returns the average of selected

DAVERAGE riteria) database entries

=DCOUNT(database,field,crite Counts the cells that contain

DCOUNT ria) numbers in a database

=DCOUNTA(database,field,cri Counts nonblank cells in a

DCOUNTA teria) database

=DMAX(database,field,criteria Returns the maximum value from

DMAX ) selected database entries

=DMIN(database,field,criteria Returns the minimum value from

DMIN ) selected database entries
 Functions Syntax Description

Multiplies the values in a

=DPRODUCT(database,field,c particular field of records that
DPRODUCT riteria) match the criteria in a database

Estimates the standard deviation

=DSTDEV(database,field,crite based on a sample of selected
DSTDEV ria) database entries

Calculates the standard deviation

=DSTDEVP(database,field,crit based on the entire population of
DSTDEVP eria) selected database entries

Estimates variance based on a

=DVAR(database,field,criteria sample from selected database
DVAR ) entries

Calculates variance based on the

=DVARP(database,field,criteri entire population of selected
DVARP a) database entries

ERF.PRECISE =ERF.PRECISE(X) Returns the error function

Returns the complementary ERF

function integrated between x and
ERFC.PRECISE =ERFC.PRECISE(X) infinity

Returns the depreciation of an

asset for a specified period by
=DB(cost,salvage,life,period,m using the fixed-declining balance
DB onth) method

Returns the depreciation of an

asset for a specified period by
using the double-declining balance
=DDB(cost,salvage,life,period, method or some other method that
DDB factor) you specify
Functions Syntax Description

=EFFECT(nominal_rate,npery Returns the effective annual

EFFECT ) interest rate

Returns the future value of an

FV =FV(rate,nper,pmt,pv,type) investment

=IPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,fv,typ Returns the interest payment for

IPMT e) an investment for a given period

Returns the internal rate of return

IRR =IRR(values,guess) for a series of cash flows

Returns the internal rate of return

where positive and negative cash
=MIRR(values,finance_rate,re flows are financed at different
MIRR invest_rate) rates

=NOMINAL(effect_rate,npery Returns the annual nominal

NOMINAL ) interest rate

Returns the number of periods for

NPER =NPER(rate,pmt,pv,fv,type) an investment

Returns the net present value of an

investment based on a series of
periodic cash flows and a discount
NPV =NPV(rate,value1,value2,…) rate

Returns the present value of an

PV =PV(rate,nper,pmt,fv,type) investment

=RATE(nper,pmt,pv,fv,type,gu Returns the interest rate per

RATE ess) period of an annuity
 Functions Syntax Description

=YIELD(settlement,maturity,r
ate,pr,redemption,frequency,b Returns the yield on a security that
YIELD asis) pays periodic interest

Returns the number of areas in a

AREAS =AREAS(reference) reference

Retrieves real-time data from a

program that supports COM
automation (Automation: A way to
work with an application’s objects
from another application or
development tool. Formerly called
OLE Automation, Automation is
an industry standard and a feature
=RTD(progID,server,topic1,to of the Component Object Model
RTD pic2,…) (COM).)

=AGGREGATE(function_num Returns an aggregate in a list or

AGGREGATE ,options,array,k) database

Returns the number of

=COMBIN(number,number_c combinations for a given number
COMBIN hosen) of objects

COS =COS(number) Returns the cosine of a number

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a

COSH =COSH(number) number

Returns the double factorial of a

FACTDOUBLE =FACTDOUBLE(number) number

Returns the natural logarithm of a

LN =LN(number) number
 Functions Syntax Description

Returns the logarithm of a number

LOG =LOG(number,base) to a specified base

Returns the base-10 logarithm of a

LOG10 =LOG10(number) number

=MULTINOMIAL(number1,n Returns the multinomial of a set of

MULTINOMIAL umber2,…) numbers

SIN =SIN(number) Returns the sine of the given angle

Returns the hyperbolic sine of a

SINH =SINH(number) number

Returns the sum of the difference

=SUMX2MY2(array_x,array_ of squares of corresponding values
SUMX2MY2 y) in two arrays

Returns the sum of the sum of

=SUMX2PY2(array_x,array_y squares of corresponding values in
SUMX2PY2 ) two arrays

Returns the sum of squares of

differences of corresponding
SUMXMY2 =SUMXMY2(array_x,array_y) values in two arrays

TAN =TAN(number) Returns the tangent of a number

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a

TANH =TANH(number) number

Returns the inverse of the standard

NORM.S.INV =NORM.S.INV(probability) normal cumulative distribution
 Functions Syntax Description

Returns the average of the absolute

=AVEDEV(number1,number2, deviations of data points from
AVEDEV …) their mean

=BETA.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cu Returns the beta cumulative

BETA.DIST mulative,A,B) distribution function

Returns the inverse of the

=BETA.INV(probability,alpha, cumulative distribution function
BETA.INV beta,A,B) for a specified beta distribution

=BINOM.DIST(number_s,tria Returns the individual term

BINOM.DIST ls,probability_s,cumulative) binomial distribution probability

Returns the smallest value for

which the cumulative binomial
=BINOM.INV(trials,probabilit distribution is less than or equal to
BINOM.INV y_s,alpha) a criterion value

=CHISQ.DIST(x,deg_freedom, Returns the cumulative beta

CHISQ.DIST cumulative) probability density function

=CHISQ.DIST.RT(x,deg_freed Returns the one-tailed probability

CHISQ.DIST.RT om) of the chi-squared distribution

=CHISQ.INV(probability,deg_ Returns the cumulative beta

CHISQ.INV freedom) probability density function

Returns the inverse of the one-

=CHISQ.INV.RT(probability,d tailed probability of the chi-
CHISQ.INV.RT eg_freedom) squared distribution

=CHISQ.TEST(actual_range,e
CHISQ.TEST xpected_range) Returns the test for independence
 Functions Syntax Description

CONFIDENCE.NOR =CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha, Returns the confidence interval for

M standard_dev,size) a population mean

Returns the confidence interval for

=CONFIDENCE.T(alpha,stand a population mean, using a
CONFIDENCE.T ard_dev,size) Student’s t distribution

Returns the correlation coefficient

CORREL =CORREL(array1,array2) between two data sets

=COVARIANCE.P(array1,arra Returns covariance, the average of

COVARIANCE.P y2) the products of paired deviations

Returns the sample covariance, the

average of the products deviations
=COVARIANCE.S(array1,array for each data point pair in two data
COVARIANCE.S 2) sets

=DEVSQ(number1,number2,… Returns the sum of squares of

DEVSQ ) deviations

=EXPON.DIST(x,lambda,cum Returns the exponential

EXPON.DIST ulative) distribution

=F.DIST(x,deg_freedom1,deg Returns the F probability

F.DIST _freedom2,cumulative) distribution

=F.DIST.RT(x,deg_freedom1,d Returns the F probability

F.DIST.RT eg_freedom2) distribution

=F.INV(probability,deg_freed Returns the inverse of the F

F.INV om1,deg_freedom2) probability distribution
 Functions Syntax Description

=F.INV.RT(probability,deg_fr Returns the inverse of the F

F.INV.RT eedom1,deg_freedom2) probability distribution

F.TEST =F.TEST(array1,array2) Returns the result of an F-test

=FINV(probability,deg_freedo Returns the inverse of the F

FINV m1,deg_freedom2) probability distribution

FISHER =FISHER(x) Returns the Fisher transformation

Returns the inverse of the Fisher

FISHERINV =FISHERINV(y) transformation

=FORECAST(x,known_y’s,kno Returns a value along a linear

FORECAST wn_x’s) trend

=FREQUENCY(data_array,bin Returns a frequency distribution

FREQUENCY s_array) as a vertical array

=GAMMA.DIST(x,alpha,beta,c
GAMMA.DIST umulative) Returns the gamma distribution

=GAMMA.INV(probability,alp Returns the inverse of the gamma

GAMMA.INV ha,beta) cumulative distribution

Returns the natural logarithm of

GAMMALN =GAMMALN(x) the gamma function, Γ(x)

GAMMALN.PRECIS Returns the natural logarithm of

E =GAMMALN.PRECISE(x) the gamma function, Γ(x)

=GROWTH(known_y’s,known Returns values along an

GROWTH _x’s,new_x’s,const) exponential trend
 Functions Syntax Description

=HARMEAN(number1,numbe
HARMEAN r2,…) Returns the harmonic mean

=HYPGEOM.DIST(sample_s,
number_sample,population_s, Returns the hypergeometric
HYPGEOM.DIST number_pop,cumulative) distribution

KURT =KURT(number1,number2,…) Returns the kurtosis of a data set

=LOGNORM.DIST(x,mean,sta Returns the cumulative lognormal

LOGNORM.DIST ndard_dev,cumulative) distribution

=LOGNORM.INV(probability, Returns the inverse of the

LOGNORM.INV mean,standard_dev) lognormal cumulative distribution

=NEGBINOM.DIST(number_f
,number_s,probability_s,cum Returns the negative binomial
NEGBINOM.DIST ulative) distribution

=NORM.DIST(x,mean,standar Returns the normal cumulative

NORM.DIST d_dev,cumulative) distribution

=NORM.INV(probability,mea Returns the inverse of the normal

NORM.INV n,standard_dev) cumulative distribution

Returns the standard normal

NORM.S.DIST =NORM.S.DIST(z,cumulative) cumulative distribution

Returns the Pearson product

PEARSON =PEARSON(array1,array2) moment correlation coefficient

Returns the k-th percentile of

values in a range, where k is in the
PERCENTILE.EXC =PERCENTILE.EXC(array,k) range 0..1, exclusive
 Functions Syntax Description

Returns the k-th percentile of

PERCENTILE.INC =PERCENTILE.INC(array,k) values in a range

Returns the rank of a value in a

PERCENTRANK.EX =PERCENTRANK.EXC(array, data set as a percentage (0..1,
C x,significance) exclusive) of the data set

PERCENTRANK.IN =PERCENTRANK.INC(array,x Returns the percentage rank of a

C ,significance) value in a data set

Returns the number of

=PERMUT(number,number_c permutations for a given number
PERMUT hosen) of objects

=POISSON.DIST(x,mean,cum
POISSON.DIST ulative) Returns the Poisson distribution

Returns the quartile of the data

=QUARTILE.EXC(array,quart set, based on percentile values
QUARTILE.EXC ) from 0..1, exclusive

QUARTILE.INC =QUARTILE.INC(array,quart) Returns the quartile of a data set

Returns the square of the Pearson

product moment correlation
RSQ =RSQ(known_y’s,known_x’s) coefficient

=STDEV.P(number1,number2, Calculates standard deviation

STDEV.P …) based on the entire population

=STDEV.S(number1,number2, Estimates standard deviation

STDEV.S …) based on a sample
Functions Syntax Description

Estimates standard deviation

based on a sample, including
STDEVA =STDEVA(value1,value2,…) numbers, text, and logical values

Calculates standard deviation

based on the entire population,
including numbers, text, and
STDEVPA =STDEVPA(value1,value2,…) logical values

Returns the standard error of the

=STEYX(known_y’s,known_x’ predicted y-value for each x in the
STEYX s) regression

Returns the Percentage Points

=T.DIST(x,deg_freedom,cumu (probability) for the Student t-
T.DIST lative) distribution

Returns the Percentage Points

(probability) for the Student t-
T.DIST.2T =T.DIST.2T(x,deg_freedom) distribution

Returns the Student’s t-

T.DIST.RT =T.DIST.RT(x,deg_freedom) distribution

Returns the t-value of the

Student’s t-distribution as a
=T.INV(probability,deg_freed function of the probability and the
T.INV om) degrees of freedom

=T.INV.2T(probability,deg_fre Returns the inverse of the

T.INV.2T edom) Student’s t-distribution

=T.TEST(array1,array2,tails,ty Returns the probability associated

T.TEST pe) with a Student’s t-test
 Functions Syntax Description

Returns the mean of the interior of

TRIMMEAN =TRIMMEAN(array,percent) a data set

Calculates variance based on the

VAR.P =VAR.P(number1,number2,…) entire population

Estimates variance based on a

VAR.S =VAR.S(number1,number2,…) sample

Estimates variance based on a

sample, including numbers, text,
VARA =VARA(value1,value2,…) and logical values

Calculates variance based on the

entire population, including
VARPA =VARPA(value1,value2,…) numbers, text, and logical values

=WEIBULL.DIST(x,alpha,beta
WEIBULL.DIST ,cumulative) Returns the Weibull distribution

Returns the one-tailed probability-

Z.TEST =Z.TEST(array,x,sigma) value of a z-test

Changes full-width (double-byte)

English letters or katakana within
a character string to half-width
ASC =ASC(text) (single-byte) characters

Returns the beta cumulative

BETADIST =BETADIST(x,alpha,beta,A,B) distribution function

Returns the inverse of the

=BETAINV(probability,alpha, cumulative distribution function
BETAINV beta,A,B) for a specified beta distribution
 Functions Syntax Description

Returns covariance, the average of

COVAR =COVAR(array1,array2) the products of paired deviations

Returns the smallest value for

which the cumulative binomial
=CRITBINOM(trials,probabilit distribution is less than or equal to
CRITBINOM y_s,alpha) a criterion value

=EXPONDIST(x,lambda,cumu Returns the exponential

EXPONDIST lative) distribution

=FDIST(x,deg_freedom1,deg_ Returns the F probability

FDIST freedom2) distribution

=GAMMADIST(x,alpha,beta,c
GAMMADIST umulative) Returns the gamma distribution

=GAMMAINV(probability,alp Returns the inverse of the gamma

GAMMAINV ha,beta) cumulative distribution

=HYPGEOMDIST(sample_s,n
umber_sample,population_s,n Returns the hypergeometric
HYPGEOMDIST umber_pop) distribution

=NEGBINOMDIST(number_f, Returns the negative binomial

NEGBINOMDIST number_s,probability_s) distribution

=TTEST(array1,array2,tails,ty Returns the probability associated

TTEST pe) with a Student’s t-test

Calculates variance based on the

=WEIBULL(x,alpha,beta,cum entire population, including
WEIBULL ulative) numbers, text, and logical values
Functions Syntax Description

Returns the one-tailed probability-

ZTEST =ZTEST(array,x,sigma) value of a z-test

Returns the modified Bessel

BESSELI =BESSELI(x,n) function In(x)

BESSELJ =BESSELJ(x,n) Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)

Returns the modified Bessel

BESSELK =BESSELK(x,n) function Kn(x)

BESSELY =BESSELY(x,n) Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)

Converts a binary number to

BIN2DEC =BIN2DEC(number) decimal

Converts a binary number to

BIN2HEX =BIN2HEX(number,places) hexadecimal

BIN2OCT =BIN2OCT(number,places) Converts a binary number to octal

=COMPLEX(real_num,i_num Converts real and imaginary

COMPLEX ,suffix) coefficients into a complex number

Converts a decimal number to

DEC2BIN =DEC2BIN(number,places) binary

Converts a decimal number to

DEC2HEX =DEC2HEX(number,places) hexadecimal

Converts a decimal number to

DEC2OCT =DEC2OCT(number,places) octal
 Functions Syntax Description

Converts a hexadecimal number to

HEX2BIN =HEX2BIN(number,places) binary

Converts a hexadecimal number to

HEX2DEC =HEX2DEC(number) decimal

Converts a hexadecimal number to

HEX2OCT =HEX2OCT(number,places) octal

Returns the absolute value

IMABS =IMABS(inumber) (modulus) of a complex number

Returns the imaginary coefficient

IMAGINARY =IMAGINARY(inumber) of a complex number

Returns the argument theta, an

IMARGUMENT =IMARGUMENT(inumber) angle expressed in radians

Returns the complex conjugate of a

IMCONJUGATE =IMCONJUGATE(inumber) complex number

Returns the cosine of a complex

IMCOS =IMCOS(inumber) number

Returns the quotient of two

IMDIV =IMDIV(inumber1,inumber2) complex numbers

Returns the exponential of a

IMEXP =IMEXP(inumber) complex number

Returns the natural logarithm of a

IMLN =IMLN(inumber) complex number
 Functions Syntax Description

Returns the base-10 logarithm of a

IMLOG10 =IMLOG10(inumber) complex number

Returns the base-2 logarithm of a

IMLOG2 =IMLOG2(inumber) complex number

=IMPOWER(inumber,number Returns a complex number raised

IMPOWER ) to an integer power

=IMPRODUCT(inumber1,inu Returns the product of complex

IMPRODUCT mber2,…) numbers

Returns the real coefficient of a

IMREAL =IMREAL(inumber) complex number

Returns the sine of a complex

IMSIN =IMSIN(inumber) number

Returns the square root of a

IMSQRT =IMSQRT(inumber) complex number

Returns the difference between

IMSUB =IMSUB(inumber1,inumber2) two complex numbers

=IMSUM(inumber1,inumber2, Returns the sum of complex

IMSUM …) numbers

Converts an octal number to

OCT2BIN =OCT2BIN(number,places) binary

Converts an octal number to

OCT2DEC =OCT2DEC(number) decimal
 Functions Syntax Description

Converts an octal number to

OCT2HEX =OCT2HEX(number,places) hexadecimal

=ACCRINT(issue,first_interes
t,settlement,rate,par,frequency Returns the accrued interest for a
ACCRINT ,basis,calc_method) security that pays periodic interest

Returns the accrued interest for a

=ACCRINTM(issue,settlement security that pays interest at
ACCRINTM ,rate,par,basis) maturity

Returns the number of days from

=COUPDAYBS(settlement,mat the beginning of the coupon period
COUPDAYBS urity,frequency,basis) to the settlement date

Returns the number of days in the

=COUPDAYS(settlement,matu coupon period that contains the
COUPDAYS rity,frequency,basis) settlement date

Returns the number of days from

=COUPDAYSNC(settlement,m the settlement date to the next
COUPDAYSNC aturity,frequency,basis) coupon date

=COUPNCD(settlement,matur Returns the next coupon date after

COUPNCD ity,frequency,basis) the settlement date

Returns the number of coupons

=COUPNUM(settlement,matu payable between the settlement
COUPNUM rity,frequency,basis) date and maturity date

=COUPPCD(settlement,maturi Returns the previous coupon date

COUPPCD ty,frequency,basis) before the settlement date

=CUMIPMT(rate,nper,pv,start Returns the cumulative interest

CUMIPMT _period,end_period,type) paid between two periods
 Functions Syntax Description

=CUMPRINC(rate,nper,pv,sta Returns the cumulative principal

CUMPRINC rt_period,end_period,type) paid on a loan between two periods

=DISC(settlement,maturity,pr, Returns the discount rate for a

DISC redemption,basis) security

=DURATION(settlement,matu Returns the annual duration of a

rity,coupon,yld,frequency,basi security with periodic interest
DURATION s) payments

Returns the future value of an

=FVSCHEDULE(principal,sch initial principal after applying a
FVSCHEDULE edule) series of compound interest rates

=INTRATE(settlement,maturit
y,investment,redemption,basis Returns the interest rate for a fully
INTRATE ) invested security

Calculates the interest paid during

ISPMT =ISPMT(rate,per,nper,pv) a specific period of an investment

=MDURATION(settlement,ma Returns the Macauley modified

turity,coupon,yld,frequency,ba duration for a security with an
MDURATION sis) assumed par value of $100

=ODDFPRICE(settlement,mat Returns the price per $100 face

urity,issue,first_coupon,rate,yl value of a security with an odd first
ODDFPRICE d,redemption,frequency,basis) period

=ODDFYIELD(settlement,mat
urity,issue,first_coupon,rate,p Returns the yield of a security with
ODDFYIELD r,redemption,frequency,basis) an odd first period
 Functions Syntax Description

=ODDLPRICE(settlement,mat Returns the price per $100 face

urity,last_interest,rate,yld,red value of a security with an odd last
ODDLPRICE emption,frequency,basis) period

=ODDLYIELD(settlement,mat
urity,last_interest,rate,pr,rede Returns the yield of a security with
ODDLYIELD mption,frequency,basis) an odd last period

Returns the periodic payment for

PMT =PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type) an annuity

Returns the payment on the

=PPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,fv,typ principal for an investment for a
PPMT e) given period

=PRICE(settlement,maturity,r Returns the price per $100 face

ate,yld,redemption,frequency, value of a security that pays
PRICE basis) periodic interest

=PRICEDISC(settlement,matu
rity,discount,redemption,basis Returns the price per $100 face
PRICEDISC ) value of a discounted security

Returns the price per $100 face

=PRICEMAT(settlement,matu value of a security that pays
PRICEMAT rity,issue,rate,yld,basis) interest at maturity

Returns the amount received at

=RECEIVED(settlement,matu maturity for a fully invested
RECEIVED rity,investment,discount,basis) security

=TBILLEQ(settlement,maturit Returns the bond-equivalent yield

TBILLEQ y,discount) for a Treasury bill
 Functions Syntax Description

=TBILLPRICE(settlement,mat Returns the price per $100 face

TBILLPRICE urity,discount) value for a Treasury bill

=TBILLYIELD(settlement,mat Returns the yield for a Treasury

TBILLYIELD urity,pr) bill

Returns the depreciation of an

=VDB(cost,salvage,life,start_p asset for a specified or partial
eriod,end_period,factor,no_s period by using a declining balance
VDB witch) method

Returns the internal rate of return

for a schedule of cash flows that is
XIRR =XIRR(values,dates,guess) not necessarily periodic

Returns the net present value for a

schedule of cash flows that is not
XNPV =XNPV(rate,values,dates) necessarily periodic

Returns the annual yield for a

=YIELDDISC(settlement,matu discounted security; for example, a
YIELDDISC rity,pr,redemption,basis) Treasury bill

Returns the annual yield of a

=YIELDMAT(settlement,matu security that pays interest at
YIELDMAT rity,issue,rate,pr,basis) maturity

ACOS =ACOS(number) Returns the arccosine of a number

Returns the inverse hyperbolic

ACOSH =ACOSH(number) cosine of a number

ASIN =ASIN(number) Returns the arcsine of a number

Functions Syntax Description

Returns the inverse hyperbolic

ASINH =ASINH(number) sine of a number

Returns the arctangent of a

ATAN =ATAN(number) number

Returns the arctangent from x-

ATAN2 =ATAN2(x_num,y_num) and y-coordinates

Returns the inverse hyperbolic

ATANH =ATANH(number) tangent of a number

DEGREES =DEGREES(angle) Converts radians to degrees

Returns the matrix determinant of

MDETERM =MDETERM(array) an array

Returns the matrix inverse of an

MINVERSE =MINVERSE(array) array

Returns the matrix product of two

MMULT =MMULT(array1,array2) arrays

RADIANS =RADIANS(angle) Converts degrees to radians

Converts an arabic numeral to

ROMAN =ROMAN(number,form) roman, as text

Returns the square root of

SQRTPI =SQRTPI(number) (number * pi)

Converts a number to text, using

BAHTTEXT =BAHTTEXT(number) the ß (baht) currency format
 Functions Syntax Description

Returns a key performance

indicator (KPI) name, property,
and measure, and displays the
name and property in the cell. A
KPI is a quantifiable measurement,
such as monthly gross profit or
=CUBEKPIMEMBER(connecti quarterly employee turnover, used
on,kpi_name,kpi_property,ca to monitor an organization’s
CUBEKPIMEMBER ption) performance.

Returns a member or tuple in a

cube hierarchy. Use to validate
=CUBEMEMBER(connection, that the member or tuple exists in
CUBEMEMBER member_expression,caption) the cube.

Returns the value of a member

property in the cube. Use to
validate that a member name
=CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY( exists within the cube and to
CUBEMEMBERPR connection,member_expressio return the specified property for
OPERTY n,property) this member.

Returns the nth, or ranked,

member in a set. Use to return one
=CUBERANKEDMEMBER(co or more elements in a set, such as
CUBERANKEDME nnection,set_expression,rank, the top sales performer or top 10
MBER caption) students.

Defines a calculated set of

members or tuples by sending a set
expression to the cube on the
=CUBESET(connection,set_ex server, which creates the set, and
pression,caption,sort_order,so then returns that set to Microsoft
CUBESET rt_by) Office Excel.

Returns the number of items in a

CUBESETCOUNT =CUBESETCOUNT(set) set.
 Functions Syntax Description

=CUBEVALUE(connection,me Returns an aggregated value from

CUBEVALUE mber_expression1,…) a cube.