C Programing
Array – Array is collectoo of homogeoous ( similar data type) data type
Example – where array are used to store employee or studeot oame.
To store marks of studeot.
To store list of oumber or character etc.
Array Declaratoo
Types of array
ooe dimeosiooal array two dimeosiooal array mult dimeosiooal
array
Iotalizatoo Of Array
Data_type array_oame = array_size
// Program to find the average of n (n < 10) numbers
using arrays
1.
2. #include <stdio.h>
3. int main()
4. {
5. int marks[10], i, n, sum = 0, average;
6. printf("Enter n: ");
7. scanf("%d", &n);
8. for(i=0; i<n; ++i)
9. {
10. printf("Enter number%d: ",i+1);
11. scanf("%d", &marks[i]);
12. sum += marks[i];
13. }
14. average = sum/n;
15.
16. printf("Average = %d", average);
17.
18. return 0;
19. }
C Programing
Output
Enter n: 5
Enter number1: 45
Enter number2: 35
Enter number3: 38
Enter number4: 31
Enter number5: 49
Average = 39
// C Program to calculate Average Usiog Arrays
1. #include <stdio.h>
2.
3. int main()
4. {
5. int n, i;
6. float num[100], sum = 0.0, average;
7.
8. printf("Enter the numbers of elements: ");
9. scanf("%d", &n);
10.
11. while (n > 100 || n <= 0)
12. {
13. printf("Error! number should in range of (1 to
100).\n");
14. printf("Enter the number again: ");
15. scanf("%d", &n);
16. }
17.
18. for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
19. {
20. printf("%d. Enter number: ", i+1);
21. scanf("%f", &num[i]);
22. sum += num[i];
23. }
24.
25. average = sum / n;
26. printf("Average = %.2f", average);
27.
28. return 0;
29. }
C Programing
Output
30. . Enter number: 67.5
31. 3. Enter number: -45.6
32. 4. Enter number: 20.34
33. 5. Enter number: 33
34. 6. Enter number: 45.6
35. Average Enter the numbers of elements: 6
36. 1. Enter number: 45.3
37. 2= 27.69
Poioters – Poioters is a variable that stored/poiot the
address of aoother variable. Io C programiog poioters
is used to allocate memory dyoamically that is at ruo
tme. The poioters data type as iotccharcloatcdouble
etc .
Poioter io detail :
Poioter Airthmatc – There are four airthmatc
operator that cao be used io poioter ++c-c+
Array of poioter – You cao defoe array to defoe
to hold a oumber of poioter.
Poioter to poioter – C allow you to have poioter
oo a poioter aod so oo.
Passiog poioter to fuoctoo io c – Passiog
argumeot by refreoce or by address eoable the
C Programing
passed argumeot to be chaoged io the calliog
fuoctoo by the called fuoctoo.
//Access Array Elements Using Pointers
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int data[5], i;
printf("Enter elements: ");
for(i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
scanf("%d", data + i);
printf("You entered: \n");
for(i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
printf("%d\n", *(data + i));
return 0;
}
Output
Enter elements: 1
2
3
5
4
You entered:
1
2
3
5
4
C Programing
Striog - Io c programiog array of character is called
striog. A striog is termioated by oull/0 character
Declaratoo of striog – Striog are declare io similar
maooer as array. Ooly difereoce is thatc striogs are
char type.
Striog Library Fuoctoo
I.
Strcpy() copies striog 2 ioto striog 1
II.
Strcat() coocateoates striog s2 ooto the eod of s1
III.
Strleo() returo the leogth of s1
IV.Strecmp() its compare s1 to s2
V. Strchr() this is character strio
// C Program To Read Striog
1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. char name[20];
5. printf("Enter name: ");
6. scanf("%s", name);
7. printf("Your name is %s.", name);
8. return 0;
9. }
Output
Enter name: Dennis Ritchie
Your name is Dennis.
C Programing
C strlen() function
1. #include <stdio.h>
2. #include <string.h>
3. int main()
4. {
5. char a[20]="Program";
6. char b[20]={'P','r','o','g','r','a','m','\0'};
7. char c[20];
8.
9. printf("Enter string: ");
10. gets(c);
11.
12. printf("Length of string a = %d \n",strlen(a));
13.
14. //calculates the length of string before null charcter.
15. printf("Length of string b = %d \n",strlen(b));
16. printf("Length of string c = %d \n",strlen(c));
17.
18. return 0;
19. }
Output
Enter string: String
Length of string a = 7
Length of string b = 7
Length of string c = 6
Dyoamic Memory Allocatoo ( Poioter )
C Laoguage required the oumber of elemeot io
ao array to be specifed at compile tme. The
process of allocatog memory at ruo tme is koow
Das dyoamic allocatoo. Dyoamic data structar
C Programing
provide lexibility io addiog deletog aod
rearraogiog data at ruo tme. The dyoamic
memory to realese uowaoted space at ruo tme.
Fuoctoo Task
Malloc Allocate request size of
Byte and return a pointer to
the frst byte of the allocate space
Calloc() Allocaton space for an
array of element initaliie then tto 0 and
then return pointer to the memory
Realloc() Chaoge the size of previous
allocate space
malloc() and free()
This program calculates the sum of n numbers entered by the
user. To perform this task, memory is dynamically allocated
using malloc(), and memory is freed using free() function.
C Programing
1. include <stdio.h>
2. #include <stdlib.h>
3.
4. int main()
5. {
6. int n, i, *ptr, sum = 0;
7.
8. printf("Enter number of elements: ");
9. scanf("%d", &n);
10.
11. ptr = (int*) malloc(n * sizeof(int));
12. if(ptr == NULL)
13. {
14. printf("Error! memory not allocated.");
15. exit(0);
16. }
17.
18. printf("Enter elements: ");
19. for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
20. {
21. scanf("%d", ptr + i);
22. sum += *(ptr + i);
23. }
24.
25. printf("Sum = %d", sum);
26. free(ptr);
27. return 0;
28. }
calloc() and free()
This program calculates the sum of n numbers entered
by the user. To perform this
task, calloc() and free() is used.
1. #include <stdio.h>
2. #include <stdlib.h>
C Programing
3.
4. int main()
5. {
6. int n, i, *ptr, sum = 0;
7. printf("Enter number of elements: ");
8. scanf("%d", &n);
9.
10. ptr = (int*) calloc(n, sizeof(int));
11. if(ptr == NULL)
12. {
13. printf("Error! memory not allocated.");
14. exit(0);
15. }
16.
17. printf("Enter elements: ");
18. for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
19. {
20. scanf("%d", ptr + i);
21. sum += *(ptr + i);
22. }
23.
24. printf("Sum = %d", sum);
25. free(ptr);
26. return 0;
27. }
realloc()
1. #include <stdio.h>
2. #include <stdlib.h>
3.
4. int main()
5. {
6. int *ptr, i , n1, n2;
7. printf("Enter size of array: ");
8. scanf("%d", &n1);
9.
10. ptr = (int*) malloc(n1 * sizeof(int));
11.
12. printf("Addresses of previously allocated memory: ");
13. for(i = 0; i < n1; ++i)
14. printf("%u\n",ptr + i);
15.
16. printf("\nEnter new size of array: ");
17. scanf("%d", &n2);
18. ptr = realloc(ptr, n2 * sizeof(int));
19.
20. printf("Addresses of newly allocated memory: ");
21. for(i = 0; i < n2; ++i)
22. printf("%u\n", ptr + i);
C Programing
23. return 0;
24. }
When you run the program, the output will be:
Enter size of array: 2
Addresses of previously allocated memory:26855472
26855476
Enter new size of array: 4
Addresses of newly allocated memory:26855472
26855476
26855480
26855484
